I. General requirements

In this article, the authors tried to systematize the issues of organizing and carrying out work on the technical inspection of power facilities based on the experience of performing such work by specialists of the electrical testing laboratory of Energobezopasnost LLC at power plants and in power grid enterprises.

In the “Rules for the technical operation of power plants and networks of the Russian Federation” (PTE ES) and the “Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations” (PTE EP), periodic technical inspection is provided for as a mandatory procedure (clause 1.5.2 and clause 1.6.7, respectively), however Only the most general instructions are given regarding the organization and scope of work performed. Issues of the scope of work performed during technical examination are discussed in Section 3 of this article.

In accordance with the requirements of PTE ES and PTE ES, the following frequency of work on the survey of technological systems, equipment, buildings and structures, including hydraulic structures, that are part of the power facility is established:

– technological systems and electrical equipment – ​​upon expiration of the service life established by the regulatory and technical documentation;

– heating equipment – ​​on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents (“Rules for the design and safe operation of steam and hot water boilers” PB 10-574-03, “Rules for the technical operation of thermal power plants”, Gosenergonadzor 2003), as well as during commissioning into operation, then once every 5 years;

– buildings and structures – within the time frame in accordance with the current regulatory and technical documents, but at least once every 5 years (including: building structures of the main industrial buildings and structures according to the list approved by the head of the power facility must be subject to technical inspection by a specialized organization; industrial buildings and structures that have been in operation for more than 25 years, regardless of their condition, must be subject to a comprehensive inspection with an assessment of their strength, stability and operational reliability with the involvement of specialized organizations).

Certain difficulties arise when assessing the standard service life of equipment, buildings, and structures. If there is no service life of an object in the regulatory and technical documentation or if the manufacturer’s documentation is lost, the value of the standard service life, as a rule, can be determined by us according to the data set out in the “All-Russian Classifier of Fixed Assets OK 013-94” (Resolution of the State Standard of the Russian Federation dated December 26. 1994 No. 359), and in the amendments to the “Classification of fixed assets included in depreciation groups” (Approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 1, 2002 No. 1).

The main objectives of the technical examination are to assess the technical condition of the power facility and all components included in its composition, determine and evaluate the level of operation and measures necessary and sufficient to ensure maximum use of the installed resource of the power facility in general and electrical installations in particular.

From our point of view, it is necessary to place emphasis on assessing the level of operation of technological systems (circuits), equipment, buildings and structures, because the level of operation is a determining factor in the reliability and durability of equipment.

The operating level should obviously include:

– compliance with the procedure and standards for accepting an energy facility into operation;

– admission to work at energy facilities for workers with professional education, organization of ongoing professional training of personnel;

– organization and improvement of production management, provision of technical control over the condition of power installations of the power facility;

– maintenance, compliance with standards, volumes, frequency of preventive tests, repairs, modernization of equipment;

– availability and maintenance of regulatory, design, operational, repair, and technological documentation;

– metrological support of measuring instruments and standardization in the field of management and operation of a power facility.

II. Groups of energy facilities subject to periodic technical inspection

The following groups of equipment, buildings, structures, and technological systems are subject to periodic technical inspection:

1. Territory, buildings, structures.

1.1. Territory.

1.2. Industrial buildings, structures and sanitary facilities.

2. Hydraulic structures and water management of power plants.

2.1. Technical water supply.

2.2. Hydraulic structures.

2.3. Water management of power plants.

2.4. Hydro turbine installations.

3. Thermomechanical equipment of power plants and heating networks.

3.1. Fuel and transport industry, incl. dust preparation.

3.2. Steam and hot water boiler installations.

3.3. Steam turbine units.

3.4. Gas turbine units.

3.5. Process control systems.

3.6. Water treatment and water-chemical regime of thermal power plants and heating networks.

3.7. Pipelines and fittings.

3.8. Ash collection and ash removal.

3.9. Station heating installations.

3.10. Metal condition monitoring system.

4. Electrical equipment of power plants and networks.

4.1. Generators and synchronous compensators.

4.2. Power transformers and oil shunt reactors.

4.3. Distribution devices.

4.4. Overhead power lines.

4.5. Power cable lines.

4.6. Relay protection.

4.7. Grounding devices.

4.8. Surge protection.

4.9. Electric motors.

4.10 Battery installations.

4.11. Capacitor installations.

4.12. Lighting.

4.13. Electrolysis installations.

5. Operational dispatch control.

5.1. Mode planning.

5.2. Mode management.

5.3. Equipment management.

5.4. Operational schemes.

5.5. Automated dispatch control systems.

5.6. Dispatch and process control facilities.

5.7. Automated systems for monitoring and accounting of electricity and power.

III. Scope of technical examination

The scope of technical examination includes the following work:

3.1. External and internal inspections of technological systems, equipment, buildings and structures included in the power facility, which are carried out in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory and technical documents.

The experience of inspecting power facilities has shown that when performing these works, as a rule, it is ineffective to carry out the tests provided for by the “Scope and standards of testing of electrical equipment” RD 34.45-51.300-97 and other regulatory documents on the volumes and standards of tests, since single tests do not allow determine with sufficient reliability the state and dynamics of changes of the object.

As noted earlier, assessing the level of operation of a power facility is much more revealing.

Assessment of the level of operation includes the study and analysis of design documentation, documentation for the operation of equipment, including protocols (registration logs) of preventive tests and measurements, which makes it possible to assess trends, the rate of degradation (aging) of equipment (buildings, structures), their compliance with modern requirements, and, ultimately, prepare conclusions about the possibility (and advisability) of further exploitation.

3.2. Checking the technical documentation listed below, which is taken into account and stored in accordance with current regulatory documents at each power facility, in general, this is usually the following documentation:

– acts of land allocation;

– executive general plan of the industrial site;

– geological, hydrogeological, geodetic and other data on the territory with the results of soil testing and groundwater analysis;

– the act of laying foundations with pit cuts;

– acts of acceptance of hidden work;

– reports (or observation logs) on subsidence of buildings, structures, foundations for equipment;

– test certificates for devices that provide explosion safety, fire safety, lightning protection and anti-corrosion protection of structures;

– test reports of internal and external water supply systems, fire water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heat supply, heating and ventilation;

– acts of individual sampling and testing of equipment and process pipelines;

– acts of the state acceptance commission (for objects of state ownership) or the state technical acceptance commission (for objects of non-state ownership) and working acceptance commissions;

– master plan of the site with buildings and structures, including underground facilities;

– approved project documentation (technical design, drawings, explanatory notes, etc.) with all subsequent changes;

– technical passports of equipment, buildings and structures, environmental installations;

– executive working drawings of equipment, buildings and structures, drawings of the entire underground facilities;

– executive working diagrams of electrical primary and secondary connections and connections of electrical equipment;

– operational (technological) diagrams;

– drawings of spare parts for equipment;

– a set of instructions for the operation of equipment and structures, operational diagrams, testing and testing programs for equipment, personnel training programs, regulations on structural units, job descriptions for all categories of managers and specialists, as well as workers who are on duty personnel;

– labor protection instructions;

– operational plan and fire extinguishing cards for fire-hazardous premises;

– fire safety instructions;

– documentation in accordance with the requirements of state regulatory and supervisory authorities;

– materials of investigation of technological violations in work;

– reports on inventory of emissions of harmful substances;

– permit for emissions of harmful substances;

– schedule for monitoring harmful emissions into the atmosphere;

– permission for special water use;

– permission to dispose of waste in the environment;

– protocols (logs) of preventive tests provided for by the PTE and the volumes and standards of testing.

Depending on the type of equipment survey, the list of documentation may be changed.

3.3. Tests for compliance with safety conditions of equipment, buildings, structures (measurement of insulation grounding loops, electrical equipment, safety circuit breakers, etc.).

3.4. Verification of compliance with the instructions of supervisory authorities and measures planned based on the results of the investigation of equipment malfunctions, as well as previous technical examination.

3.5. If, based on the results of a technical examination, the need for a technical examination is established, then the main task of the technical examination becomes the identification of hazardous defects and damage and the adoption of technical solutions to restore reliability and safe operation.

The need for a technical inspection of the entire facility or its parts is established by the commission for the technical inspection of the power facility based on proposals prepared by the specialized organization that performed these works, and the decision of the supervisory authorities.

IV. Organization of technical examination

Technical examination is carried out by a commission appointed by order for the energy enterprise, headed by the technical manager of the given facility or his deputy. The commission includes specialists from structural divisions of the power facility; representatives of the energy system services, the structure of which includes this energy facility (by prior agreement); representatives of a specialized organization that has permission to perform this type of work, an electrical laboratory registered with Rostechnadzor and performing work on the technical inspection of a power facility on the basis of a contract; representatives of the state control and supervision body - Rostechnadzor (by prior agreement).

The technical examination is carried out on the basis of a program developed by a specialized organization, agreed upon and approved in the prescribed manner before the start of the examination work.

If there are a large number of units of energy equipment, buildings, and structures at power facilities, it is recommended to draw up schedules (annual, long-term) for technical inspection, approved by the management of the power facility.

V. Use of the results of technical examination work

Technical inspection work is used for the following purposes:

– general assessment of the condition of equipment, buildings, structures;

– targeted determination of the order of replacement of equipment or its elements;

– determining the volume and timing of current and major repairs;

Version 2-g

Technical regulations
"On the organization of safe operation
power stations and networks"

Section 1. General provisions

Article 1. Objectives of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law was adopted for the purposes of:

protecting the life or health of citizens, property of individuals or legal entities, state or municipal property;

protection of the environment, life or health of animals and plants

during the operation of power plants and networks.

2. Application of this Federal Law for other purposes is not permitted.

Article 2. Scope of application of this Federal Law

1. This Federal Law is a special technical regulation and was adopted in accordance with the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation”.

2. This Federal Law establishes:

minimum necessary mandatory requirements for objects of technical regulation;

rules for identifying objects of technical regulation for the purposes of applying this Federal Law;

rules and forms for assessing the compliance of technical regulation objects with the requirements of this Federal Law.

3. The object of technical regulation of this Federal Law includes the process of operation of power plants, electrical and heating networks.

The object of regulation of this Federal Law does not include the process of operation of nuclear power plants.

Article 3. Basic concepts

For the purposes of this Federal Law, the following basic concepts are used:

accident- destruction of structures and (or) technical devices, uncontrolled explosion and (or) release of hazardous substances;

state control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of technical regulations- checking compliance by a legal entity or individual entrepreneur with the requirements of technical regulations for products, production processes, operation, storage, transportation, sales and disposal and taking measures based on the results of the check

defect- each individual non-compliance of a technological element with the established requirements; non-compliance of the value of any parameter or characteristic of the state of the product with the established requirements;

employee job description- a local regulatory document that defines, in accordance with the requirements of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the main functional responsibilities, rights and responsibilities of an employee when carrying out activities in a certain position;

land management- a system of measures to regulate land use, including design and survey, survey and survey work;

instructions- a set of rules for carrying out certain types of activities, carrying out work, and official behavior, set out in special regulatory documents;

incident- failure or damage to technical devices, deviation from the technological process mode;

good condition (serviceability)– the state of the object (equipment), in which it meets all the requirements of regulatory, technical and (or) design (project) documentation;

power line- an electrical installation consisting of wires and (or) cables, insulating elements and supporting structures, intended for the transmission of electrical energy;

faulty condition (malfunction)– the state of the object in which it does not comply with at least one of the requirements of regulatory, technical and (or) design (project) documentation;

inoperable state (inoperability)- the state of an object in which the value of at least one parameter characterizing the ability to perform specified functions does not meet the requirements of regulatory, technical and (or) design (project) documentation.

equipment- a set of mechanisms, machines, devices, united by a certain technological scheme;

organization of safe operation of a power facility– development and implementation of a set of measures to ensure the safe operation of the power facility;

refusal- violation of the operational state of the object;

conformity assessment- direct or indirect determination of compliance with the requirements for the object of regulation;

damage- a change during operation in the value of any parameter (characteristic) of the state of the product and (or) its components relative to its nominal level, defined in the operational, repair or regulatory documentation, towards the established limits, upon violation of which the product goes into a faulty or inoperable state

precautionary and preventative measures for production safety– a set of measures to prevent emergency conditions and accidents;

operational state– the state of the object (equipment), in which the values ​​of all parameters characterizing the ability to perform specified functions comply with the requirements of regulatory and technical and (or) design (project) documentation;

repair- a set of operations to restore the serviceability or performance of a product and restore the service life of products or their components;

repair according to technical condition- repair, in which technical condition monitoring is carried out at intervals and to the extent established in the regulatory documentation, and the volume and moment of the start of repairs are determined by the technical condition of the product;

daily statements– a document containing records of operational performance indicators of individual units and equipment at established intervals throughout the day;

heating network– part of the heat supply system, which is a set of equipment, devices, structures intended for the transfer and distribution of coolant;

territory of the power facility- the territory within the boundaries of land allotment established in accordance with the land legislation of the Russian Federation, on which energy facilities are located;

technical documentation- a set of documents necessary and sufficient for direct use at each stage of the object’s life cycle;

technical specifications- a document containing requirements (the set of all indicators, norms, rules and regulations) for the product, its production, control, acceptance and delivery, which are inappropriate to indicate in other design documents;

technical control– checking the object’s compliance with established technical requirements;

Maintenance- a set of operations to maintain the operability and (or) serviceability of buildings, structures and equipment;

technical examination- a form of technical control, which involves determining the technical condition of equipment, buildings and structures;

technology system- circuit diagram for switching on the equipment, ensuring that it performs the specified technological functions

technological violation– incident or accident;

operation (operation process)- stage of the object’s life cycle at which its quality is implemented, maintained and restored;

operating organization- the owner of the energy facility who operates it;

electrical substation– an electrical installation designed for the conversion and distribution of electrical energy;

electrical network- a set of substations, switchgears and electrical lines connecting them, intended for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy;

power station- a power plant or a group of power plants for the production of electrical energy or electrical energy and heat;

energy facility (electric power facility)- power station, electrical or thermal network;

power plant– a complex of interconnected equipment and structures designed for the production or transformation, transmission, accumulation, distribution or consumption of energy.

Article 4. Rules for identifying an object of technical regulation for the purposes of applying this Federal Law

1. Identification of an object of technical regulation for the purposes of applying this Federal Law is carried out by comparing the characteristics of the technological process and the essential features of the object of technical regulation.

A technological process can be identified as an object of technical regulation if its characteristics correspond to all the essential features of the object of regulation specified in paragraph 2 of this article.

the presence of a power station, electrical or thermal network;

the presence of a life cycle stage at which the quality of one of the above production facilities is implemented and (or) maintained and restored.

3. Identification of a technological process is preceded by identification of the production facility at which this process is carried out.

4. A production facility can be identified as a power plant if its characteristics meet all of the following characteristics:

the facility is a complex of interconnected equipment and structures;

the facility is intended for the production of electrical or electrical and thermal energy.

5. A production facility can be identified as an electrical network if its characteristics meet all of the following characteristics:

the object is a collection of substations, switchgears and electrical lines connecting them;

the facility is designed for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy.

6. A production facility can be identified as a heating network if its characteristics meet all of the following criteria:

the object is part of the heat supply system;

the facility is designed for the transfer and distribution of coolant.

Article 5. Conformity assessment

1. The assessment of the compliance of the object of regulation with the requirements of this Federal Law is carried out in the form of periodic state control (supervision).

2. State control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law is carried out by a state control (supervision) body authorized by the Government of the Russian Federation to carry out control (supervision) over safety in the field of energy.

3. State control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law is carried out in the manner established by the legislation of the Russian Federation, and exclusively in terms of compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law.

4. When carrying out measures for state control (supervision) over compliance with the requirements of this Federal Law, the rules and methods of research (testing) and measurements established for this Federal Law in the manner prescribed by the Federal Law “On Technical Regulation” are used.

Section 2. MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS for the subject of regulation

Article 6. Procedure for monitoring the technical condition of a power facility

1. At each energy facility, constant and periodic monitoring of the technical condition of power plants, equipment, buildings and structures must be organized, as well as persons responsible for their condition and safe operation must be identified, trained and certified personnel for technical and technological supervision must be appointed and their officials approved responsibilities.

2. All technological systems, equipment, buildings and structures, including hydraulic structures, included in the power facility, are subject to periodic technical inspection, except for electrical equipment, the inspection of which is carried out after the minimum service life established by the manufacturer.

3. Technical inspection is carried out by a commission appointed by the owner of the power facility or the operating organization. The commission includes managers and specialists of structural divisions of the operating organization and, by agreement, representatives of authorized state control (supervision) bodies.

4. The objectives of the technical examination are to assess the condition, as well as determine the measures necessary to ensure the established resource or normalized service life of the power plant.

5. The scope, procedure and timing of control are established by the operating organization in accordance with the requirements of the relevant technical regulations.

6. The scope of periodic technical inspection should include: external and internal inspection, verification of technical documentation, testing for compliance with safety conditions of equipment, buildings and structures.

7. Simultaneously with the technical examination, compliance with the instructions of state control (supervision) bodies and measures planned based on the results of the investigation of disruptions in the operation of the power facility and accidents during its maintenance, as well as measures developed during the previous technical examination, must be verified.

8. The results of the technical examination must be included in the energy facility passport.

9. Based on the results of the technical examination, the operating organization may make a decision to extend the service life of the relevant equipment, buildings, and structures.

The operating organization does not have the right to make a decision to extend the service life of equipment, buildings, structures if, as a result of their technical examination, defects are identified, the presence of which prohibits the operation of the facilities by technical regulations.

10. Based on the results of the technical examination of buildings and structures, the need for a technical examination is established. The main task of the technical inspection of buildings and structures is the timely identification of hazardous defects and damage and the adoption of technical solutions to restore their reliable and safe operation.

11. Constant monitoring of the technical condition of equipment, buildings, and structures is carried out by operational and operational maintenance personnel of the power facility.

The scope and procedure of control is established by the operating organization, taking into account the requirements of the relevant technical regulations.

12. Periodic inspections of equipment, buildings and structures are carried out by persons monitoring their safe operation.

The frequency of inspections is established by the technical manager of the power facility. The results of inspections must be recorded in a special journal.

13. Employees of energy facilities who carry out technical and technological supervision over the operation of equipment, buildings and structures of an energy facility must:

organize an investigation into violations in the operation of equipment, buildings and structures;

keep records of technological violations in the operation of equipment;

control the condition and maintenance of technical documentation;

keep records of the implementation of preventive emergency and fire prevention measures;

take part in organizing work with personnel.

Article 7. Maintenance and repair

1. At each power facility, the operating organization must organize maintenance and repair of equipment, buildings and structures of power facilities.

2. The frequency, composition and duration of repair work on buildings, structures and equipment of power facilities are determined by the operating organization and must comply with the requirements established by technical legislation for these buildings, structures and equipment.

3. Before the start of repairs and during their implementation, the commission, the composition of which is approved by the operating organization, is obliged to identify all defects, including those that can only be detected when disassembling the equipment and which must be eliminated during the repair work.

4. Acceptance of equipment, buildings and structures from major and mid-term repairs must be carried out by an acceptance committee approved by the operating organization, according to a program agreed with the contractor of the repair work.

A representative of these bodies must be invited to join the acceptance committee for the acceptance from repair of equipment, buildings and structures controlled by state control (supervision) bodies.

5. Equipment of power plants and substations of 35 kV and above that have undergone major and medium repairs is subject to acceptance tests under load. The duration of the tests is at least 48 hours from the moment the equipment is switched on under load.

6. The completion time for repairs is:

for power units, steam turbines of thermal power plants with cross connections, hydraulic units and transformers - the time when the generator (transformer) is connected to the network;

for steam boilers of thermal power plants with cross connections - the time of connecting the boiler to the station fresh steam pipeline;

for power units with double-case boilers (double units) - the time when the power unit is switched on under load with one of the boiler bodies; in this case, the lighting and switching on of the second boiler body must be carried out in accordance with the power unit load schedule, if the delay in repairs is not provided for by the repair schedule;

for electrical networks - the time of switching on to the network, if no failure occurred during switching on; during repairs without voltage relief - the time of notification to the duty dispatcher by the manager (manufacturer) of the work about its completion.

If during acceptance tests defects were discovered that prevented the equipment from operating with the rated load, or defects requiring immediate shutdown, then the repair is considered incomplete until these defects are eliminated and acceptance tests are repeated.

If, during the acceptance tests, violations of the normal operation of individual components of the equipment occur, in which immediate shutdown is not required, the issue of continuing the acceptance tests is decided depending on the nature of the violations by the technical manager of the power facility in agreement with the repair contractor.

If acceptance tests of equipment under load were interrupted to eliminate defects, then the time of completion of repairs is considered to be the time of the last time the equipment was placed under load during the testing process.

7. Operating organizations must keep systematic records of technical indicators of repair and maintenance of equipment, buildings and structures.

Article 8. Technical documentation

1. Each operated energy facility must have the following documents:

acts of land allocation;

master plan of the site with buildings and structures, including underground facilities;

geological, hydrogeological and other data on the territory with the results of soil testing and groundwater analysis;

acts of laying foundations with pit sections;

acts of acceptance of hidden work;

primary reports on settlements of buildings, structures and foundations for equipment;

primary test reports for devices providing explosion safety, fire safety, lightning protection and anti-corrosion protection of structures;

primary test reports of internal and external water supply systems, fire water supply, sewerage, gas supply, heat supply, heating and ventilation;

primary acts of individual sampling and testing of equipment and process pipelines;

acts of acceptance and working commissions;

approved design documentation with all subsequent changes;

approved declaration on the safety of hydraulic structures;

passports of buildings, structures, technological units and equipment;

executive working drawings of equipment and structures, drawings of the entire underground facilities;

executive working diagrams of primary and secondary electrical connections;

executive working technological schemes;

drawings of spare parts for equipment;

firefighting operational plan;

an order for an energy facility, establishing the division of responsibility between designated persons for the condition and safe operation of equipment, buildings and structures;

a set of documents defining the security of the property complex of the power facility, including provisions on the protection of the power facility and access to the power facility by third parties and organizations;

a set of current and canceled instructions for the operation of equipment, buildings and structures, job descriptions for all categories of specialists and for workers belonging to duty personnel, and labor protection instructions;

a set of current and canceled regulatory, technical, technological and reporting documents for the repair of equipment, buildings and structures;

standards on the basis of which the organization operates.

The set of the above documentation must be stored in the technical archive of the power facility.

2. At each power facility there must be a list of necessary instructions, regulations, technological and operational schemes for each workshop, substation, district, site, laboratory and service. The list is approved by the technical manager of the power facility.

3. Plates with nominal data must be installed on the main and auxiliary equipment of the power facility in accordance with the technical specifications for this equipment.

4. All main and auxiliary equipment, including pipelines, systems and bus sections, as well as fittings, valves of gas pipelines and air pipelines, must be numbered in accordance with a unified system adopted by the operating organization.

5. All changes in power installations made during operation must be included in the instructions, diagrams and drawings before commissioning, signed by an authorized person indicating his position and the date of the change.

Information about changes in instructions, diagrams and drawings must be brought to the attention of all employees (with an entry in the order log), for whom knowledge of these instructions, diagrams and drawings is mandatory.

6. Executive technological diagrams (drawings) and executive diagrams of primary electrical connections must be checked for their compliance with actual operational ones at least once every three years with a check mark on them. At the same time, instructions and lists of necessary instructions and executive working diagrams (drawings) are revised.

7. Sets of the necessary diagrams must be located in the dispatch centers of the subjects of operational dispatch control, in the dispatch control and jurisdiction of which the corresponding electric power facility is located, and by the workers on duty at power plants and networks.

8. All workplaces must be provided with the necessary instructions.

9. At workplaces in dispatch centers of subjects of operational dispatch control, daily statements must be maintained.

10. Administrative and technical personnel, in accordance with established schedules for inspections and walk-throughs of equipment, must check operational documentation and take the necessary measures to eliminate defects and irregularities in the operation of equipment and personnel.

11. Operational documentation, diagrams of recording control and measuring instruments, records of operational dispatch conversations and output documents generated by the operational information complex of the automated accounting system are classified as strict accounting documents and are subject to storage in the prescribed manner.

Article 9. Technological violations

1. At each power facility, the operating organization must develop instructions for the prevention and elimination of technological violations.

The instructions are drawn up on the basis of the requirements of technical legislation for the safe operation of the relevant power equipment, taking into account the specifics of its operation at a specific power facility.

2. The instructions for the prevention and elimination of technological violations must contain a list of specific actions of personnel when eliminating typical technological violations in relation to the equipment of a given power facility. It must indicate the routes followed by personnel in cases where conditions may arise that are dangerous to human life or impede normal access to equipment.

3. The job descriptions for each position indicate specific sections and points of instructions for the prevention and elimination of technological violations, the requirements of which must be fulfilled by the person holding this position.

4. The relevant paragraphs of the operating organization’s instructions for the prevention and elimination of technological violations must indicate the boundary conditions of the permitted modes.

5. The instructions of the operating organization for the operation of equipment must include sections of instructions on the prevention and elimination of technological violations.

6. Each technological violation in the operation of energy facilities is subject to investigation to determine the causes and circumstances of the incident. During the investigation the following should be analyzed and assessed:

actions of maintenance personnel, compliance of facilities and organization of their operation with the requirements of technical legislation and instructions of the operating organization;

quality and timing of repairs, tests, preventive inspections and monitoring of equipment condition; compliance with technological discipline during repair work;

timeliness of taking measures to eliminate emergency situations and equipment defects, compliance with the requirements and instructions of state control (supervision) bodies related to the technological violation that occurred;

quality of manufacturing of equipment and structures, performance of design, construction, installation and commissioning works;

compliance of the parameters of natural phenomena with the values ​​adopted in the project.

7. During the investigation, all reasons for the occurrence and development of each technological violation and its prerequisites must be identified and described.

8. Each technological violation must be investigated by a special commission approved by the operating organization. When investigating an accident, a representative of the authorized state control (supervision) body must be invited to the commission.

All violations in work, the causes of which could be defects in design, manufacturing, construction, installation, or repair, must be investigated with the involvement of representatives of the organizations that performed the relevant work or manufacturers of the relevant equipment. If it is impossible to comply with this requirement, the investigation procedure must be agreed upon with a representative of the authorized state control (supervision) body.

9. Determining the consequences of technological violations for a consumer of electrical (thermal) energy should be carried out with the participation of representatives of the consumer and the authorized body of state control (supervision).

10. An investigation into violations must begin immediately and be completed within ten days.

11. Opening or dismantling of damaged equipment should be carried out only with the permission of the chairman of the commission.

12. If necessary, the investigation period may be extended by a decision of the authorized state control (supervision) body upon the proposal of the chairman of the commission investigating the violation.

13. When investigating technological violations, the following measures must be taken:

maintaining the post-accident situation (if possible), photographing or describing the objects of the violation;

seizure and transfer, according to an act, to a representative of state control (supervision) or another official appointed by the chairman of the commission, registration records, records of operational dispatch conversations and other material evidence of a violation;

description of the post-emergency state of the linings and indicators of the position of protection and interlocks.

14. The results of the investigation of each technological violation are documented in an investigation report. All necessary documents confirming the commission’s findings must be attached to the investigation report.

15. The investigation report must be signed by all members of the commission. If individual members of the commission disagree, it is allowed to sign an act with a “dissenting opinion” stated next to their signature or addressed to a separate appendix. In all cases, a “dissenting opinion” must be attached to the act upon signing.

16. All technological violations in the operation of the equipment of the power facility are subject to recording by the operating organization.

17. Technological violations, accidents and incidents are subject to recording throughout the entire operation of power plants from the moment of completion of their comprehensive testing under load and the beginning of their use in the technological process, regardless of the date of signing the acceptance certificate for industrial or pilot operation.

18. Damage to equipment, power lines and structures that occurred during comprehensive testing before commissioning and acceptance into operation or identified during scheduled repairs, tests, as well as during inspections by operating personnel are subject to special accounting.

Section 3. Final provisions

Article 10. Entry into force of this Federal Law

This Federal Law comes into force six months from the date of its official publication.

The list of rules and requirements reflected in document SO 153-34.20.501-2003 are based on new legislative acts and new regulatory documents. The PTE also takes into account the changes that have occurred in economic management in the Russian energy sector. The edited rules and technical requirements indicate the main provisions in the document, the implementation of which ensures the reliable operation of the energy system of the Russian Federation.

PTEs of power plants and networks do not fully disclose the requirements for construction, design, repair and installation work at power plants, since there are existing regulatory documents for these works. This article will briefly convey the meaning of the rules that make the Russian energy system work smoothly.

Operation of power plants and networks

These provisions of the Rules apply at electric and thermal stations that use organic matter in the form of fuel, at hydraulic power plants and electrical networks of the Russian Federation. They apply to organizations that perform work at these facilities.

Which organizational events must be completed:

1. Distribution of the boundaries of responsibility of personnel for the maintenance of structures, equipment and communications between departments in production (workshop, site, laboratory, and others). Definition of job descriptions for personnel.
2. The safety of equipment operation in buildings and structures is achieved by fulfilling the technical requirements of documents and following the provisions of the instructions.
3. Operating personnel at their place must ensure that their actions and the operation of equipment comply with technical and fire safety rules.

The Rules state that the main task of power plants, boiler equipment, as well as thermal and electrical networks, this is the generation and transformation, distribution and regulatory supply of electrical and thermal energy to the consumer. This can be combined into a single formulation, energy production.

The energy system, which includes: a power plant, a boiler house, a thermal and electrical network, is a link in energy production. Elements of the power system are called power facilities when they are connected by operating mode to a single centralized control point, the control room.

The personnel of energy facilities are obliged to:

• Monitor the quality of voltage, frequency, pressure and temperature before releasing energy (electrical, thermal) to the consumer.
• Follow operational dispatch discipline in the workplace.
• Monitor the performance of equipment and structures.
• Strive to make energy production as economical and reliable as possible.
• Mandatory compliance with technical and fire safety rules.
• Comply with labor safety rules and requirements.
• Participate in activities to reduce the impact of energy production on the environment and working personnel.
• Ensure a unified measurement of electrical and thermal energy indicators during the production process and its further transfer.
• Always apply advanced methods to improve the efficiency of an energy facility and reduce its impact on the ecology of the region in which it is located.

Energy systems strive to realize:

The Rules indicate that organizations that perform work: equipment adjustment, facility design, operation of energy facilities associated with high industrial hazard must be licensed, have permission to carry out this activity.

Supervision and control bodies check the operability of structures and equipment, how safety measures are taken at energy facilities, and how efficiently the fuel resource is used.

Rules for acceptance of structures and equipment into operation

Completed construction of energy system facilities (power plants, steam and water heating boilers), thermal and electrical networks must be put into operation in accordance with the current Rules. Facilities after repair and technical expansion are also accepted for work according to the provisions of the current Rules.

It should be noted that the rules provide definition of launch complex, he is obliged to ensure normal operation within the specified parameters of all elements of the energy facility, which includes:

• Part of a building or the entire building, structure, equipment of the main production, auxiliary or transport production. Premises for storage purposes and intended for repair work.
• Domestic buildings, areas around buildings, public catering facilities.
• Hospitals, health centers, control and technical control lines, equipment and communications.
• Engineering pipelines and electrical networks, waste water treatment facilities.
• Facilities for transmitting electrical and thermal energy to consumers.
• Facilities and structures for the passage of surface fleet and fishery resources of reservoirs.

Important! Operation of the launch complex must be carried out in full, taking into account all regulatory documents, hygienic and sanitary rules for personnel, the impact on the ecology of the region, and fire safety.

Activities that are carried out before the commissioning of an energy facility (start-up complex):

• Checking individual systems and equipment of power units for a test run, checking auxiliary units and devices.
• Testing of all equipment in the launch complex.
• Carrying out intermediate acceptance of components of mechanisms and equipment of structures, acceptance of hidden work.

The PTE states that the customer’s personnel are involved in accepting the equipment according to an individual schedule; the work is checked according to the design schemes when all construction and installation work on this unit is completed. Before acceptance, compliance with the current Rules, standards and norms of occupational safety and safe operation of equipment during the work is checked. The fire safety of the unit is checked, compliance with environmental requirements and state supervision standards is carried out.

When deficiencies and defects are identified during the testing of individual equipment, they are eliminated by the manufacturer of devices or units, as well as by installation organizations before the start of comprehensive tests.

During trial runs and intermediate acceptances individual equipment is checked:

• How the protection works.
• How the device circuit works.
• System control schemes are being configured.
• How does the alarm work?

Necessary conditions for performing a test run:

The complex start-up must be carried out by the customer of the work. The joint operation of individual units and mechanisms is checked, how the main and auxiliary equipment operates with a load. The beginning of such tests is connecting the equipment to the network or under load.

Important! It is forbidden to test equipment not specified in the design. The test is considered complete when the equipment works in the complex 72 hours continuously on the main type of fuel with the working load and parameters established by the project.

Electrical networks are considered to have passed the test when they are under operating load for 72 hours (electrical substation operation), and power lines for 24 hours.

Heating networks that have undergone comprehensive testing: operating pressure and normal operation of equipment for 24 hours.

It should be noted that for hydroelectric power plants and pumped storage power plants there are mandatory conditions, these are 3 successful automatic starts of equipment, and for a gas turbine unit (gas turbine unit), 10 successful starts of equipment. The start-up conditions include the operation of all blocking systems and alarm devices, equipment remote control circuits, and automatic control systems.

The order of events before the main acceptance:

Experimental installations and experimental objects are accepted only by the selection committee for work during the period when they are ready to conduct research or produce experimental products.

Rules requirements for personnel

Personnel at energy facilities must have professional education and experience in managing energy installations.

The Rules specify the requirements for personnel:

Efficiency of operation of energy facilities, methods of control

The Rules indicate that at energy facilities:

1. Power plants from 10 MW capacity.
2. Hydraulic power plants from 30 MW capacity.
3. Boiler houses with a capacity of 50 Gcal/hour,

energy parameters of the installed equipment must be developed, which establish the dependence of TEP(technical and economic indicators) from loads - electrical, thermal energy facility.

At smaller facilities, the presence of such characteristics and their feasibility are determined by the energy system. The developed characteristics, as specified in the rules, must show the real savings in the work performed by the equipment.

Indicators that are necessary to compile energy characteristics:

Important! All calculations for heating networks are carried out in accordance with regulatory documents and the current provisions of the Rules. Electrical networks are rated only by the technological consumption of electrical energy for its transportation to the consumer.

At energy facilities, the following must be carried out: measurements of the required accuracy of energy carrier consumption, recording of daily indicators of operating equipment, analysis of thermal energy indicators, and the condition of operating equipment. Conduct at least once every 30 days reviewing the activities of the personnel of the energy facility, by shift or by department, identifying the best workers, eliminating identified deficiencies.

Supervision of the operation of power plants, heating and electrical networks, and boiler houses is carried out by a special energy system management body for the efficient use of fuel resources.

All organizations that operate power plants and energy facilities are subject to energy saving inspections by government supervisory and control bodies.

Technical supervision of the operation of energy facilities

The PTE states that it is necessary to organize two types of equipment condition monitoring at an energy facility: continuous and periodic monitoring. They include technical examination of equipment, inspections of unit components, inspection of power plant mechanisms for their technical condition. It is necessary to appoint responsible persons in the operating organization who monitor the safe use of equipment, appoint responsible personnel for technological supervision, and approve their functional responsibilities.

Important! Energy facilities that transport electrical and thermal energy to consumers, distribute it, or convert energy are subject to departmental supervision from authorized bodies.

All technological systems under the project included in the power facility undergo periodic technical inspection. The timing of the survey of electrical equipment is indicated in the regulatory documentation for it (service life); after the event, the next deadline for the survey is established.

Procedure for technical examination:

The rules indicate that daily supervision of the technical condition of the equipment of an energy facility is carried out by the operational personnel of the organization with the involvement of operational and repair personnel. The procedure for carrying out control is determined by the head of the organization operating the power facility. All inspection records are recorded in a special journal.

Energy facility personnel must:

• Conduct an investigation into violations of the operation of equipment at a power facility.
• Record technological violations in the operation of units and systems of the power facility.
• Take into account the number of preventive measures carried out with the equipment.
• Increase the efficiency of personnel servicing equipment.

Energy systems and energy organizations must:

1. Carry out systematic monitoring of the operation of the energy facility.
2. Carry out periodic supervision of the technical condition of the facility’s power installations.
3. Conduct technical inspections.
4. Carry out medium and major repairs of equipment within the specified time frame.
5. Investigate the causes of fires at the power facility, violation of safe operation, and accidents. Carry out preventive measures to prevent such cases.
6. Monitor the implementation of previously prescribed activities.
7. Transmit information to departmental state supervision bodies regarding violations of the technological operation of equipment, contradictions in the safe operation of the power plant.

Modernization and repair, equipment maintenance

Owner of an energy facility bears responsibility for the condition of all equipment of the power plant, for the timely implementation of repair work, and for the provision of repair kits to the personnel carrying out the work. He must monitor the timing of the planned work on the modernization and repair of the power facility.

The extent to which it is necessary to carry out equipment repair work is determined by the maintenance of the facility’s power plant in working condition. The rules for maintenance and repair of equipment indicate a list of activities and the scope of work for repairs and scheduled preventive maintenance of power units.

Maintenance rules equipment is installed:

• Frequency and time interval of all repair work carried out at the power facility.
• Conditions for increasing the operating period of energy units when repairs are carried out (major, medium).
• Creation of a repair base, documentation, carrying out measures to bring equipment out for repair. Determination of measures for accepting equipment after repair and putting it into operation.

The organization's commission identifies all defects in equipment to be repaired and determines repair criteria according to regulatory and technical documentation. The commission carries out reception after repairs of equipment according to a procedure agreed upon with the repair performers and approved by the head of the organization. The composition of the commission is appointed by order for the energy facility.

Conditions for accepting equipment after repair:

• Substations from 35 kV are subject to load testing for two days.
• An assessment of the repairs carried out is carried out: the quality of the repair work, compliance with the fire safety conditions of the equipment.
• Preliminary and final tests of the equipment are carried out. Final acceptance is carried out within 30 days of observation by the operating organization of the operation of the repaired equipment, setting up automatic systems.

The Rules indicate how the completion of repairs (medium, major) is considered:

1. Hydraulic units, transformers - connecting them to the network.
2. Steam boilers (CHPs) that have cross connections - connection to the pipeline.
3. Energy blocks – switching on under load.
4. Electrical networks - connection to the network when there is no protection.

When, during the acceptance tests, defects are identified in the operation of equipment that cannot operate under load, the repair is considered incomplete. New deadlines for passing tests are assigned. If the defects do not affect the quality operation of the equipment, the manager can decide to eliminate them during the subsequent operation of the equipment; the repair is completed after their elimination. When it is necessary to stop operating equipment to eliminate identified defects, the last stop is considered the end of the repair.

The Rules indicate requirements for equipment of an energy facility:

• Power plants: repair sites, workshops for equipment repair, premises for repair personnel.
• Heating points, repair work bases.
• Electrical networks, repair bases.
• Availability of stationary lifting equipment, lifting machines.
• Tools for repair bases, technical documentation for equipment of an energy facility.

Energy facilities must have the right to carry out repair work (license). The head of the organization is obliged to provide repair kits and materials to the personnel of the repair teams.

Technical documentation of the power facility

The current rules provide list of technical documentation:

This set of documents must be stored according to the Rules in the technical department of the energy facility. On all equipment there should be signs, reflecting its nominal parameters. Equipment, as well as tires, and electrical fittings, sections and pipelines must be numbered as provided for in the current Rules.

Changes made to power installations must be reflected in the instructions and communicated to all operating personnel at the facility. Executive schemes are checked for compliance with the working scheme at least once every 3 years.

Personnel workstations must have functional instructions. The duty personnel must have their own documentation, which is indicated in the PTE.

Automated control systems

At an energy facility, an automated control system (ACS) is designed to perform the tasks of organizational, economic, production, technological and operational dispatch control.

To complete these tasks provides:

1. Organization of automated process control systems (automated process control system).
2. Commissioning of ASDU (automated dispatch control system).
3. Arrangement of automated control system (automated production control system).

The rules state that:

• A thermal power plant with power units from 180 MW, as well as a hydroelectric power station from 1000 MW, must have an automated process control system. Organizations that own electrical networks are equipped with this system.
• All control centers are equipped with automatic control systems.

When work is carried out in automated control systems, industry normative documentation is used; the implementation of automated control systems is carried out by industry orders at the facility and energy systems.

Automated control systems must be implemented at power plants with electrical networks, at control centers of different levels of energy management, to solve problems:

• Technical and economic planning.
• Conducting and managing energy repairs.
• Supply and sale of thermal and electrical energy to consumers.
• Development of energy production.
• Problems of metrology and standardization in production, quality management of supplied products.
• Manage the material base of the power facility, monitor its technical support.
• Monitor and manage the fuel supply to the facility.
• Solving industrial transport problems.
• Personnel tasks.
• Training of personnel to work with energy facility equipment.
• Control and maintain accounting records.
• Carry out general management of the energy facility.

Automated systems can be functionally used according to the Rules in the form of independent systems, as well as integrate into the overall energy system.

Each energy system, at its own energy facility, can select individual automated control systems complexes, applying the rule of expediency and design solutions.

ACS technical means:

All automated control systems are put into operation according to the act of the selection committee before the final acceptance of the remaining tasks. By orders of the manager, responsible personnel for servicing ACS systems are appointed.

Automated control divisions in energy systems provide:

• Reliability in the use of technical means and software of automated control systems.
• According to the management schedule, provide the necessary departments with information about their work processed electronically on computers.
• By applying normative data, computer technology is effectively used.
• Introduction for the development of management systems of new tasks, improvement, technologies for collecting information using new computing solutions.
• Maintain regulatory and reference documentation on the classification of divisions.
• Interact with automated control systems of allied energy systems.
• Develop documents to improve the operation of the automated control system.
• Maintain reports and promptly submit them to management on the operation of automated control systems.

Repair work and preventative measures for devices and equipment are carried out according to a schedule approved by management regarding the provisions for bringing equipment out for repair.

At every energy facility events are held, ensuring uniformity of measurements:

The metrological departments of the energy facility are responsible for carrying out measures for the uniformity of measurements. The instrumentation of a power facility is carried out in accordance with regulatory documentation; they must control correctly:

• What condition is the equipment of the energy facility, its operating modes.
• How many products are supplied (electricity, heat), the arrival of fuel resources, their consumption.
• How safety precautions are observed at the facility in production premises, hygiene and sanitary standards.
• Accounting for climate conditions in the region.

The personnel of the power plant or network maintenance personnel must maintain in good condition all the measuring instruments that are included in the automated control system and automated process control system. They must be constantly ready to take measurements.

Metrological certification of the measuring channels of the IMS is carried out before the equipment of the power facility is put into operation. They must undergo calibration during the operation of the inspection object within the time limits established by the schedule. Untested instruments are not allowed for measurements.

List of SI, required for verification, is compiled at each energy facility individually and sent to the supervisory authority of state control in the region where the facility is located.

Territory of power plants, requirements

The sanitary and technical condition of an energy facility and its operational data depend on the performance of work at the facility in terms of its good condition and the surrounding area:

Done at an energy facility electrochemical protection from the effects of corrosion and stray currents. Control of the groundwater level on the power plant territory is carried out:

• After commissioning of the energy facility on a monthly basis for a year.
• In the following years of operation of the power facility, the groundwater level is checked as necessary, depending on the climatic conditions of the region, but not less than once every 4 months.

Bridges and railway tracks located on the territory of the power station must be maintained in good condition and maintained in accordance with regulatory documentation. It is necessary to monitor bridge supports for possible displacement. Inspections are carried out: capital inspections once every 10 years, for wooden bridges once every 5 years.

The premises and buildings of an energy facility must be painted aesthetically in accordance with industrial requirements for sanitation, and for the painting of pipelines according to their intended purpose. All areas must be kept clean.

Hydraulic structures in operation must meet the requirements of reliability and safety; they must ensure economical and uninterrupted operation of the station equipment. Particular attention is paid to the arrangement drainage and anti-filtration mechanisms, devices. These structures must meet the requirements of regulatory documentation, be durable, strong and stable.

They must be protected from external influences on them: chemical and physical methods, excessive loads. If damage occurs during work, it must be repaired promptly.

After 25 years of operation, pressure structures undergo a full, multifactorial inspection, and the condition of the structure is assessed. Based on the results of the inspection of the structure, a conclusion is drawn about their technical condition and readiness for safe operation.

Concrete structures are tested for the strength of concrete in places of the strongest impact on it: oil structures, cyclic effects of soil freezing, dynamic effects.

The Rules display in detail service requirements:

• Dams and earth dams.
• Proper creation of ditches and berms.
• Arrangement of drainage systems.

The organization responsible for the operation of the hydraulic structure must notify the regional supervisory authorities in written notice about the safe condition of the structures. If necessary, report the boundaries of possible flooded areas.

Each power plant must have instructions on the actions of personnel in an emergency or in cases of emergency. In case of equipment failures, special orders are developed, provided for in the design documentation.

Hydraulic structures of the first class, located in zones of seismic impact from 7 points, as well as structures of the second class in zones of seismic impact from 8 points subject to the following tests and observations:

1. Seismometric monitoring.
2. Seismological monitoring.
3. Testing for dynamic stability in test mode, drawing up dynamic passports.

All structures must be equipped with an automated control system over the specified parameters.

Equipment of hydraulic structures

Mechanical equipment, as well as automated control systems for them, alarm systems of hydraulic structures, and transport devices must always be in working order. According to the Rules, this equipment is subject to periodic inspection and testing. Valves operating for more than 25 years are checked every 5 years.

Mechanical equipment requirements:

• Gates must have indicators of the height to which they open.
• During operation, the valves should not have any physical obstacles.
• They must operate without vibration, have a correct fit on the threshold, and be free from deformation.
• Valves under load are checked once every 5 years.
• Ropes, wires, grounding devices, alarm systems are checked once a year.

The equipment must be protected from the effects of corrosion, sediment and deposits.

Water regime for power plants

The operation of hydroelectric power plants is ensured by the use of water resources for units of installed capacity, when, in the best case, the loads of the energy system are covered. Power plants with a reservoir must have a water flow schedule and approved rules for using the reservoir. The rules can be revised during the operation of the station once every 10 years.

Activation is provided special regime before flood which provides:

During the process of accepting it for operation, the owner of the power plant is given: the basic rules for using the water resource, the hydraulic parameters of all access structures to the reservoir. Water leakage occurs in accordance with local instructions, observing the safe operation of structures. The flow of water through the structures occurs smoothly, without creating strong waves.

Hydraulic structures in winter

Before the onset of winter and freezing temperatures, measures are taken to check and commission slush collectors, and settling tanks are provided for it. When structures are not designed to withstand long-term ice pressure, a polynya is built along it, which is maintained throughout the entire ice age.

When there is no ice cover on the river at a hydroelectric power station, it is planned to pass sludge through turbines in winter; if this is not possible, sludge dumps are constructed. At large reservoirs, slush accumulates in the pools. Before the start of the winter season, there is a daily water temperature measurement, to determine the period when you need to turn on the heating of the grates.

When ice is passed through structures using gate devices, the transmission mode is maintained with the required water level at the ice discharge openings. Monitoring posts for ice conditions on rivers and reservoirs are organized at hydroelectric power stations.

The Rules fully disclose everything water resource requirements and a reservoir for hydroelectric power stations. Let us dwell on the activities carried out to preserve the ecology and sanitary condition of the reservoir:

The reservoir is periodically surveyed and after 5 years of operation of the reservoir, a full analysis of the water and other parameters is done to compile a report on suitability for safe further operation at the hydroelectric complex.

Hydro turbine units

At the energy facility, according to the Rules, uninterrupted operation of hydraulic turbine units with rated load and excellent pressure efficiency is ensured. All equipment at a hydroelectric power station must begin operating at maximum load at any time.

To fulfill the requirements events are held:

Hydraulic units from 30 MW of power are equipped with a group control system (GRAM) of active power, where 3 or more units are located. For each hydraulic unit there must be work instructions on maintenance. Major repairs are carried out once every 7 years on hydraulic turbines.

Technical water supply for power plants

For the normal operation of power plant equipment, measures are taken that ensure:

• Constant supply of the required amount of liquid of the required quality to the cooling system.
• Monitoring the cleanliness of turbine condensers and technical water supply pipeline systems.
• Compliance with environmental protection measures.
• Carrying out preventive measures to prevent deposits in technical water supply systems and its “blooming”.
• Avoid the formation of scale in the return line of the cooling system of the units.
• Carry out chlorination of water to maintain the required standards of 0.4-0.5 mg/dm3.
• When water is treated with copper sulfate (fighting algae), its norm in water is 3-6 mg/dm3.
• Clean systems from fouling.
• When processing water, take into account the needs of non-energy industries, for household needs, as well as fish farming.

The coating, which prevents the formation of corrosion in the technical water supply system, is restored as necessary. Cooling tower sheets must be covered with a waterproofing layer. Water distribution systems are flushed seasonally, in spring and autumn. Cooling towers are cleaned once every 24 months from silt deposits.

Fuel and transport facilities of power plants

Normal work The transport and fuel systems of the power plant provide:

Activities required for receiving fuel material to ensure the operation of an energy facility:

• Accept fuel according to quality standards and weigh it.
• Inventory of fuel material (liquid, solid fuel).
• Use proven accounting tools (scales, measuring devices).
• Maintain monitoring and control equipment, protective devices and alarm systems (fire system, gas pollution) in working order. Supervisory control equipment must be calibrated and tested.

Fuel for power facility

For the purpose of operating an energy facility, it Three types of fuel are supplied:

Document SO 153-34.20.501-2003, displays in detail the requirements of the PTE for organizing work with fuel material at power plants. Let us briefly consider the electrical requirements for equipment of energy facilities.

Power plants and networks, electrical equipment

Current Rules indicate the requirements for electrical equipment of power plants:

Detailed requirements for electrical equipment of power plants indicated in the PTE current document SO 153-34.20.501-2003.

Requirements for power cable lines

Each energy facility must carry out power line maintenance power transmission lines for their technical condition and safe operation. Each cable line is tested for maximum current load upon commissioning. This load is distributed over sections of the cable main in areas with the worst operating conditions. The heating of the cable cores should not exceed the standard parameters in the technical documentation.

Cable ducts and structures must be provided with a control system: temperature conditions, air condition, above the ventilation system. In cable wells, tunnels, mines, the air temperature in summer should not be more than 10 degrees higher than the outside air temperature.

Cable routes, individual lines that have been in operation for more than 15 years, the permissible current overload is allowed no higher than 10 percent. Overloading for paper-insulated cables designed for a voltage of 35 kV is not allowed.

A cable line with a voltage of more than 1000 V is accepted for operation when the following documents are provided:

• Drawing of laying the cable main, if there are couplings with their connection points.
• The project has been adjusted and agreed upon with the operating organization of the cable line for voltages greater than 110 kV; if the brand of cable used has changed, approval must be obtained from the cable manufacturer.
• Electrical drawing of a cable main, road intersections and communications. This is necessary for cable mains from 35 kV, in difficult sections of cable routes with a voltage of 6-10 kV.
• Documents are also submitted: for hidden work, cable logs, coupling installation certificates. Certificate of acceptance of protective devices against electrochemical effects on the cable line, certificate of cable line insulation characteristics. Other necessary documents as required by the Rules.

Whole cable must be marked, which can withstand the influence of the external environment. Cable lines must be inspected according to the schedule reflected in local instructions based on the requirements of the Rules.

1.5.1. At each energy facility, constant and periodic monitoring (inspections, technical examinations, surveys) of the technical condition of power installations (equipment, buildings and structures) must be organized, persons authorized for their condition and safe operation must be identified, and personnel for technical and technological supervision must be appointed and approved his official functions.

All energy facilities producing, transforming, transmitting and distributing electrical and thermal energy are subject to departmental technical and technological supervision by specially authorized bodies.

1.5.2. All technological systems, equipment, buildings and structures, including hydraulic structures, included in the power facility, must be subject to periodic technical inspection.

Technical inspection of technological circuits and electrical equipment is carried out after the service life established by the regulatory and technical documentation, and during each inspection, depending on the condition of the equipment, a period for subsequent inspection is scheduled. Thermal engineering - on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents. Buildings and structures - on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents, but at least once every 5 years.

Technical examination is carried out by a commission of the power facility, headed by the technical manager of the power facility or his deputy. The commission includes managers and specialists of the structural divisions of the energy facility, representatives of energy system services, specialists from specialized organizations and state control and supervision bodies.

The objectives of the technical examination are to assess the condition, as well as to determine the measures necessary to ensure the established resource of the power plant.

The scope of periodic technical inspection on the basis of current regulatory and technical documents should include: external and internal inspection, verification of technical documentation, tests for compliance with safety conditions of equipment, buildings and structures (hydraulic tests, adjustment of safety valves, testing of safety circuit breakers, lifting mechanisms, grounding loops, etc.).

Simultaneously with the technical examination, a check must be carried out to verify the fulfillment of the instructions of the state control and supervision bodies and the measures planned based on the results of the investigation of disruptions in the operation of the power facility and accidents during its maintenance, as well as measures developed during the previous technical examination.

The results of the technical examination must be entered into the technical passport of the power facility.

Operation of power plants with hazardous defects identified during the process, as well as violations of technical inspection deadlines, is not permitted.

Based on the results of the technical inspection of buildings and structures, the need for a technical inspection is established. The main task of the technical inspection of buildings and structures is the timely identification of hazardous defects and damage and the adoption of technical solutions to restore reliable and safe operation.

1.5.3. Constant monitoring of the technical condition of the equipment is carried out by the operational and maintenance personnel of the power facility.

The scope of control is established in accordance with the provisions of regulatory documents.

The control procedure is established by local production and job descriptions.

1.5.4. Periodic inspections of equipment, buildings and structures are carried out by persons monitoring their safe operation.

The frequency of inspections is established by the technical manager of the power facility. The results of inspections must be recorded in a special journal.

1.5.5. Persons monitoring the condition and safe operation of equipment, buildings and structures ensure compliance with technical conditions during the operation of power facilities, recording their condition, investigating and recording failures in the operation of power plants and their elements, maintaining operational and repair documentation.

1.5.6. Employees of energy facilities who carry out technical and technological supervision over the operation of equipment, buildings and structures of an energy facility must:

organize an investigation into violations in the operation of equipment and structures;

keep records of technological violations in the operation of equipment;

control the condition and maintenance of technical documentation;

keep records of the implementation of preventive emergency and fire prevention measures;

take part in organizing work with personnel.

1.5.7. Power systems and other power industry organizations must carry out:

systematic control over the organization of operation of energy facilities;

periodic monitoring of the condition of equipment, buildings and structures of power facilities;

periodic technical inspections;

control over compliance with the deadlines for medium and major repairs established by technical standards;

control over the implementation of measures and provisions of regulatory administrative documents;

control and organization of investigations into the causes of fires and technological violations at energy facilities;

assessment of the sufficiency of preventive and preventive measures applied at the facility regarding production safety issues;

control over the development and implementation of measures to prevent fires and accidents at energy facilities and ensure the readiness of energy facilities for their liquidation;

control over the implementation of instructions from authorized bodies of departmental technical and technological supervision;

recording violations, including at facilities controlled by state control and supervision bodies;

accounting for the implementation of emergency and fire prevention measures at facilities controlled by state control and supervision bodies;

revision of technical conditions for the manufacture and supply of power plant equipment;

transfer of information about technological violations and incidents to state control and supervision authorities.

1.5.8. The main tasks of departmental technical and technological supervision bodies should be:

monitoring compliance with established requirements for maintenance and repair;

monitoring the implementation of rules and instructions for safe and economical maintenance of the regime;

organization, control and operational analysis of the results of investigations into the causes of fires and technological violations in the operation of power plants, networks and energy systems;

control over the development and implementation of measures to prevent fires, accidents and other technological violations in the operation of power equipment and improve operation;

generalizing the practice of applying regulatory measures aimed at the safe conduct of work and reliable operation of equipment during the construction and use of power plants, and organizing the development of proposals for their improvement;

organization of development and support of regulatory and technical documents on industrial and fire safety and labor protection.

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ORDER of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated 06/19/2003 229 ON APPROVAL OF RULES FOR TECHNICAL OPERATION OF ELECTRIC STATIONS AND NETWORKS OF THE RUSSIAN... Relevant in 2018

1.5. Technical control. Technical and technological supervision of the organization of operation of energy facilities

1.5.1. At each energy facility, constant and periodic monitoring (inspections, technical examinations, surveys) of the technical condition of power installations (equipment, buildings and structures) must be organized, persons authorized for their condition and safe operation must be identified, and personnel for technical and technological supervision must be appointed and approved his official functions.

All energy facilities producing, transforming, transmitting and distributing electrical and thermal energy are subject to departmental technical and technological supervision by specially authorized bodies.

1.5.2. All technological systems, equipment, buildings and structures, including hydraulic structures, included in the power facility, must be subject to periodic technical inspection.

Technical inspection of technological circuits and electrical equipment is carried out after the service life established by the regulatory and technical documentation, and during each inspection, depending on the condition of the equipment, a period for subsequent inspection is scheduled. Thermal engineering - on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents. Buildings and structures - on time in accordance with current regulatory and technical documents, but at least once every 5 years.

Technical examination is carried out by a commission of the power facility, headed by the technical manager of the power facility or his deputy. The commission includes managers and specialists of the structural divisions of the energy facility, representatives of energy system services, specialists from specialized organizations and state control and supervision bodies.

The objectives of the technical examination are to assess the condition, as well as to determine the measures necessary to ensure the established resource of the power plant.

The scope of periodic technical inspection on the basis of current regulatory and technical documents should include: external and internal inspection, verification of technical documentation, tests for compliance with safety conditions of equipment, buildings and structures (hydraulic tests, adjustment of safety valves, testing of safety circuit breakers, lifting mechanisms, grounding loops, etc.).

Simultaneously with the technical examination, a check must be carried out to verify the fulfillment of the instructions of the state control and supervision bodies and the measures planned based on the results of the investigation of disruptions in the operation of the power facility and accidents during its maintenance, as well as measures developed during the previous technical examination.

The results of the technical examination must be entered into the technical passport of the power facility.

Operation of power plants with hazardous defects identified during the process, as well as violations of technical inspection deadlines, is not permitted.

Based on the results of the technical inspection of buildings and structures, the need for a technical inspection is established. The main task of the technical inspection of buildings and structures is the timely identification of hazardous defects and damage and the adoption of technical solutions to restore reliable and safe operation.

1.5.3. Constant monitoring of the technical condition of the equipment is carried out by the operational and maintenance personnel of the power facility.

The scope of control is established in accordance with the provisions of regulatory documents.

The control procedure is established by local production and job descriptions.

1.5.4. Periodic inspections of equipment, buildings and structures are carried out by persons monitoring their safe operation.

The frequency of inspections is established by the technical manager of the power facility. The results of inspections must be recorded in a special journal.

1.5.5. Persons monitoring the condition and safe operation of equipment, buildings and structures ensure compliance with technical conditions during the operation of power facilities, recording their condition, investigating and recording failures in the operation of power plants and their elements, maintaining operational and repair documentation.

1.5.6. Employees of energy facilities who carry out technical and technological supervision over the operation of equipment, buildings and structures of an energy facility must:

organize an investigation into violations in the operation of equipment and structures;

keep records of technological violations in the operation of equipment;

control the condition and maintenance of technical documentation;

keep records of the implementation of preventive emergency and fire prevention measures;

take part in organizing work with personnel.

1.5.7. Power systems and other power industry organizations must carry out:

systematic control over the organization of operation of energy facilities;

periodic monitoring of the condition of equipment, buildings and structures of power facilities;

periodic technical inspections;

control over compliance with the deadlines for medium and major repairs established by technical standards;

control over the implementation of measures and provisions of regulatory administrative documents;

control and organization of investigations into the causes of fires and technological violations at energy facilities;

assessment of the sufficiency of preventive and preventive measures applied at the facility regarding production safety issues;

control over the development and implementation of measures to prevent fires and accidents at energy facilities and ensure the readiness of energy facilities for their liquidation;

control over the implementation of instructions from authorized bodies of departmental technical and technological supervision;

recording violations, including at facilities controlled by state control and supervision bodies;

accounting for the implementation of emergency and fire prevention measures at facilities controlled by state control and supervision bodies;

revision of technical conditions for the manufacture and supply of power plant equipment;

transfer of information about technological violations and incidents to state control and supervision authorities.

1.5.8. The main tasks of departmental technical and technological supervision bodies should be:

monitoring compliance with established requirements for maintenance and repair;

monitoring the implementation of rules and instructions for safe and economical maintenance of the regime;

organization, control and operational analysis of the results of investigations into the causes of fires and technological violations in the operation of power plants, networks and energy systems;

control over the development and implementation of measures to prevent fires, accidents and other technological violations in the operation of power equipment and improve operation;

generalizing the practice of applying regulatory measures aimed at the safe conduct of work and reliable operation of equipment during the construction and use of power plants, and organizing the development of proposals for their improvement;

organization of development and support of regulatory and technical documents on industrial and fire safety and labor protection.