I recently read the most interesting thing about an American woman. An essay without paragraph division (based on the text by I. Serkov). K1. Formulation of source text problems

Write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate one of the problems posed by the author of the text.

Comment on the formulated problem. Include in your comment two illustrative examples from the text you read that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid excessive quoting). Explain the meaning of each example and indicate the semantic connection between them.

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is graded 0 points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) I recently read a very interesting story about an American woman who has absolutely no sense of fear. (2) That is, generally zero point zero. (3) Scientists hung her with sensors, scared her, scared her in every way they could imagine - no negative emotions.

(4) The reason for our American woman’s fearlessness was purely medical. (5) There is an almond-shaped nook in the brain called the amygdala. (6) It is he who is responsible for the formation of fear.

(7)When rare disease A very rare complication occurs, as a result of which the amygdala atrophies. (8) This is exactly what happened to the unhappy (or, conversely, happy?) American woman.

(9) Sometimes such an experiment is performed on animals. (10) The mouse’s amygdala is removed, and it begins to attack the cat.

(11) And the ancient Incas, as I read somewhere, had the rudiments of neurosurgery and knew how to make a hole in the warriors’ heads, from which they became undaunted.

(12) I’m trying to imagine what it would be like to live without fear at all. (13) Would I like it this way or not?

(14) The first impulse, of course, is to answer: yes, I would really like to!

(15) Fear is a terribly disgusting feeling.

(16) Tolstoy wonderfully describes how Nikolai Rostov celebrates a coward while running away from the French: “One inseparable feeling of fear for his young, happy life controlled his entire being. (17) Quickly jumping over boundaries, with the same swiftness with which he ran while playing burners, he flew across the field, occasionally turning around his pale, kind, young face, and a chill of horror ran down his back.” (18) Lieutenant Tolstoy must have known this state firsthand - it is impressively described in “Sevastopol Stories.”

(19) And how many unworthy acts and meanness are committed out of fear, how many destinies are broken.

(20) No, it’s decided. (21) Remove my amygdala, please. (22) I want not to be afraid of anything. (23) Nothing at all. (24) As Vysotsky sang: “I don’t like myself when I’m cowardly.”

(25) On the other hand... (26) Everyone has probably had to do something through fear in their life.

(27) One of my early memories is how for some reason we started jumping from the roof of the garage in the yard. (28) I was probably six or seven years old. (29) As usual, someone reckless was found, and the rest followed him, including me. (30) I looked down from above - horror, numbness. (31)Especially when my friend, more courageous than me, jumped, twisted his ankle and screamed in pain. (32) And I’m next. (33) The girls are watching from below (they are smarter than us - they didn’t climb). (34) He jumped, of course. (35) Where to go? (36) And for the first time in my life I experienced a feeling of victory - the most precious of victories, victory over myself. (37) Maybe it wasn’t so stupid to jump from the roof of the garage.

(38) Why fear is needed from a biological point of view is clear - the instinct of self-preservation is triggered. (39) But fear is also necessary for personal development. (40) Fear is needed so that you have something to win. (41) Courage is not fearlessness, but the ability to defeat the amygdala. (42) Cowardice is the opposite. (43) When the amygdala defeats you.

(44) Fear is very tortuous and tenacious. (45) If you cope with one, a new one will definitely hatch. (46) Moreover, every age has its own fears.

(47) Well, a person in my profession has his own specific fear. (48) I have heard many times from fellow writers who are in a creative crisis, fearful speeches that the magical state of flight will never return. (49) Let’s say I have a slightly different specialty as a writer - I’m a fiction writer. (50) I have no use for flying, I build architectural structures, from bottom to top - as high as I can. (51) But this activity is also scary. (52) It’s impossible to write a living book if you don’t vibrate with fear that you won’t succeed. (53) Even if it’s just a detective story. (54) And where would I be without this fear?

(55) No, I want to be afraid and rejoice in victory over fear.

(56) Don't touch my amygdala.

(By B. Akunina*)

* Boris Akunin - Russian writer, literary critic, translator, public figure.

Explanation.

From the editors I DECIDE: this work received the maximum score and is published in its original form. The editor's notes are given in square brackets; passages that, in the opinion of the editors, contain errors and inaccuracies are in italics.

There is practically no person who has not experienced a feeling of fear. Is it necessary? he[who is he? feeling is it, grammatical error] at all? And[extra conjunction] in this text Boris Akunin puts [no need to be afraid to write in Russian: “considers” sounds better] the following [clericalism, better: “that worries him”] problem: fear -[ the pronoun is missing] useful or harmful feeling?

To reveal [better: show significance, importance] her, the writer recalls an incident from childhood when, overcoming fear, he jumped from the roof of a garage. It was a pleasant and precious victory over oneself.[could be quoted] And also [unsuccessful beginning of a sentence, this is how parts are connected in complex sentence, grammar mistake] the author notes that writers have their own specific fear [citation needed] without which it is impossible to create a living work.

Boris Akunin's position is clear, and it can be expressed as follows: a feeling of fear is simply necessary. Without it, there will be no realization that you have overcome yourself, you have won! A[with the conjunction A we should not start a new sentence if we do not want to contrast it with the previous one, a logical error] this is very important for personality development. Besides, this [which one?, better: this one] victory determines important qualities in a person: perseverance, fortitude, courage.[victory cannot determine qualities, speech error]

My opinion completely coincides with the position of the author. Nature gave living beings this feeling for a reason. It is necessary not only for instinct [extra word, speech error] self-preservation, but also for healthy personality development. However, victory over fear plays a key role; it gives a certain meaning to life, the basis of which[ missing dash, punctuation error] overcome difficulties and obstacles [need: overcoming difficulties and obstacles, grammatical error]

There are many examples in Russian literature that confirm this idea. For example, “Crime and Punishment” by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. [it is not the work itself that confirms, but its characters and their actions; besides, inspectors do not like such parceled pieces, this is a grammatical error]. Main character, Rodion Raskolnikov, committed the brutal murder of an old pawnbroker. He was convinced that other people would need more of her savings. After committing a crime, fear of being exposed torments [ literary norm: painful, may be counted as a grammatical error] him, and he can’t stand it and admits to what he did. Raskolnikov overcame himself and suffered punishment. At hard labor in Siberia, Rodion took the path of purifying his soul and beginnings of faith in God [speech error]. Exactly this event [what event is this?, logical error] shows that victory over the feeling of fear leads to kind and warm [the idea is incomprehensible, logical error].

A [with the conjunction A we should not start a new sentence if we do not want to contrast it with the previous one, logical error] in the work “Sotnikov” by Vasily Bykov, two comrades, Rybak and Sotnikov, followed different paths in life. Sotnikov overcame his fear and thereby accomplished a feat, giving his life for his Motherland. But Rybak, on the contrary, was afraid and betrayed his friend and his homeland. But a heroic death is better than the further worthless life of a traitor with the Nazis.

Thus, the feeling of fear is very necessary for a person not only from a biological point of view, but also from a social one: fear is necessary for the development of personality and the revelation of one’s character. A person who is strong in spirit will overcome it and become stronger, while a weak person will plunge into it and lose the meaning of his existence.

Original text

I recently read an article by a colleague in a magazine. Speaking about our society, about our many problems, he was glad that today's Russians have freed themselves from prejudices, from the hypocrisy that so bothered us before. Here, it seems to me, something needs to be clarified. What is meant by prejudice? If by prejudice we understand superstitions, unjustified prejudices, then, of course, such prejudices are worthy of condemnation. But Pushkin writes in a letter to Chaadaev: “... I am far from admiring everything that I see around me; ...as a person with prejudices, I am offended...” And, you see, he hardly means superstitions, black cats and “relics of the past.” Prejudice with him it is not something absurd, outdated. IN in this case Pushkin talks about what “turns on” before reason. Before him. Before him. About what always lives in a person’s consciousness, what constitutes his emotional and subconscious memory, what is embedded in him by the past, what does not depend on the will. And what is this prejudices? Yes, all the same concepts of acceptable and unacceptable, possible and impossible, fair and unfair, noble and dishonorable. A rational, evaluative understanding of what is happening will come later, and who knows what conclusions and conclusions it will end with. But prejudice has already worked, has already configured a person in a certain way, and it is impossible not to take it into account. Now about the hypocrisy. In any explanatory dictionary they write that a bigot is “a hypocrite hiding behind virtue and piety.” That’s all true, and hypocrisy is a really unpleasant thing, but... Today we can only dream about hypocrisy! We still need to get to it! We still need to live to see the time when our officials and ordinary citizens will be able to pronounce the necessary lofty words, understanding their meaning. The bigot, although not always, must perform actions in accordance with those lofty concepts that public opinion forces him to proclaim. But expecting noble deeds and honest decisions from a person convinced that noble thoughts and honesty do not exist in nature is simply useless. No, you can still get along with a hypocrite, but with a frank and principled “superman”, a person without prejudices... In the West, a rich person necessarily engages in charity work. Not because he is such a saint. But because let him try not to do it! No, they will not prosecute him, but they will definitely make him an outcast, not allowed into decent society. That's what we're talking about. How can we introduce into our lives the high concepts of duty and honor, conscience and service to the people? So that, while fighting hypocrisy, one does not fall into savagery.

(According to I. Serkov)

Composition

Attention:

The work fully preserves the author's style, spelling and punctuation.

The text I read by I. Serkov is very interesting. In it, the author tries to answer the questions: “What is worse, hypocrisy or cynicism? What needs to be fought first?” Reflecting on the problem of hypocrisy, which is relevant at all times, I. Serkov says that modern society got rid of prejudices and at the same time ceased to value such concepts as honor, duty and conscience. The author believes that a hypocrite, although not always, is forced to perform noble deeds, and one should not expect at least a semblance of nobility from a cynic, therefore, first of all, one must resist cynicism. I fully share the position of the author of this text. Hypocrisy and cynicism are related. And it will not be easy for a person who has these qualities to be surrounded by society, since hypocrisy and nihilism will be despised in it. A striking example of this is A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm,” in which the author describes Kabanikha as a hypocrite. The rich Kalinovskaya merchant's wife does everything “under the guise of piety.” Outwardly she is very pious. However, as Kuligin notes, Kabanikha gives money to the poor, but completely eats up her family. well, and so he gave it... Thus, assessing the image of Kabanikha, one can understand how the mutual relationship of tyranny and cynicism can lead to the most tragic consequences.

Performance evaluation

Criterion	What are points awarded for?	Maximum	In this essay	Total
K1	Formulation of the source text problem	1	There is	1
K2	Comment on the issue	2	There is	2
K3	Reflection of the author's position	1	There is	1
K4	Your opinion and its reasoning	3	There is	0
K5	Semantic integrity, coherence, sequence of presentation	2	There is	0
K6	Accuracy and expressiveness of speech	2	There is	2
K7	Spelling	3	1 error	3
K8	Punctuation	3	2 errors	2
K9	Compliance with language norms	2	1 error	1
K10	Compliance with speech norms	2	2 shortcomings	1
K11	Compliance with ethical standards	1	There is	1
K12	Factual accuracy	1	There is	1
	Total:	23		15

Workshop

Literacy

K7. Compliance with spelling standards

Find spelling errors in the essay.

1. Error: And a person who has these qualities will not easy be surrounded by society, since it will despise hypocrisy and nihilism.
Right: not easy(i.e. difficult).

2. Typos: Well So Further...
Right: Well So Further.

Attention! I don't deduct points for typos.

Total: 1 spelling error

K8. Compliance with punctuation standards

Find punctuation errors in the essay.

1. Error: In it, the author tries to answer the questions: “What is worse, hypocrisy or cynicism? What should be fought first?”
Correct: In it, the author tries to answer the questions, what is worse: hypocrisy or cynicism? What should you deal with first?
Attention: This is not quoting a portion of the source text, so there is no need to format the questions as a quotation.

2. Error: ... at the same time, at the same time, they stopped appreciating such concepts as honor, duty and conscience.
That's right: at the same time, concepts such as honor, duty and conscience ceased to be valued.
The phrase is frequency, pay attention to its punctuation.

Total: 2 punctuation errors

K9. Compliance with language norms

K10. Compliance with speech norms

Find violations of speech norms in the essay.

1. Poorly formulated: And a person who has these qualities will not find it easy to be surrounded by society, since it will despise hypocrisy and nihilism.
Correct: ... since he will be despised for his hypocrisy and nihilism.

2. Poorly formulated: Thus, assessing the image of Kabanikha, one can understand how mutual relations of tyranny and cynicism can lead to the most tragic consequences.
Right: the ratio of tyranny and cynicism, a combination of tyranny and cynicism

Total: 2 speech violations

K1. Formulation of source text problems

Is the problem in the source text formulated correctly?

The problem of the source text is formulated correctly.

K2. Commentary on the formulated problem of the source text

Was the issue commented successful?

There is no paragraph division in the text, which makes it impossible to unambiguously determine which part of it is a commentary on the problem, and which part is an expression of the author’s position. We will proceed from the interests of the graduate and assume that K2 is represented in the work:

“Reflecting on the problem of bigotry, which is relevant at all times, I. Serkov says that modern society has gotten rid of prejudices and at the same time has ceased to value such concepts as honor, duty and conscience.”

As almost always happens in works in which K1, K2 and K3 are not separated into separate paragraphs, the commentary is given correctly, but too briefly. I would recommend adding at least one more sentence here so that no one can find fault with its lightness and incompleteness.

K3. Reflection of the position of the author of the source text

hunting in the forest is most difficult: a dried leaf (lies, rattles) under your feet, the game can hear you far away. He also sees through the (sparse, dense) bushes and, not allowing it, flies away. Find the highlighted nouns in the text, determine their declension and case. 1) Forest (__ sk., __ p.) 2) bush (__ sk., __ p.) 3) legs (__ sk., __ p.) 3. Write out one word from the text of assignment No. 1 in each column. VERB ADJECTIVE NOUN4. Indicate what part of speech the highlighted word is.The leaf fell from (_____________) trees.Explain your answer.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Choose four cognates for the word LIGHT that are often used in speech.________________________________________________________________________________________________6. Write down a word where all consonant sounds are soft. Coal, eyelash, swan, loops. ______________________________7. Insert the missing letters, write the test words in brackets. During the day, the horses slept (________________) in the meadows, and later (____________________) at night they slept near the warm haystacks. Sometimes the horses woke up from the booms (___________) of the steamer on the river. The smell of rosehip came from the shore (__________________).8. Write down words that are identical in composition. Thaw, depth, frost, smells, stream. ________________________________________9. Place the missing punctuation marks at the end of the sentences (? ! .).1) How beautiful the quiet sunsets were over the forest lakes__2) The kid turned over the stone, lightly touched the frightened beetle with his finger__3) How mollusks, crustaceans and fish could get into a rain puddle__10. In task No. 9, circle the number of the sentence in which the comma is missing. Read the story and complete tasks 11-12. There lived a cat in our house - Ivanovich. He ate or slept all day. Sometimes he would climb onto a warm bed, curl up in a ball and fall asleep. One day my mother kneaded the dough in a tub and put it on the stove. Time passed and mom went to see if the dough was rising well. He looks, and in the tub, curled up like on a feather bed, Ivanovich is sleeping. I crushed all the dough and got all dirty myself. So we were left without pies. Ivanovich was a lazy cat, he didn’t even catch mice. I once walked into the kitchen and saw Ivanovich stretched out on the floor and dozing in the sun, and next to him a whole brood of mice were walking: very tiny, running along the floor, collecting bread crumbs, and the cat seemed to be grazing them - occasionally glancing and eyes the sun is blinking. But sometimes Ivanovich liked to hunt for fun. We were sitting by the window one day, and suddenly we saw Ivanovich running across the yard with a rat in his mouth. He jumped out the window - straight into his mother's room. He lay down in the middle of the floor, released the rat, and looked at his mother: “Here, they say, what kind of hunter I am!” Mom jumped onto the chair, the rat scurried under the closet, and Ivanovich sat and sat and went to bed.. 11. Complete the missing points of the plan. 1. Cat Ivanovich2. _______________________________________________________________3. Mouse Shepherd4. ______________________________________________________________12. Underline the main terms in the highlighted sentences from the story.13. Read the text. Cross out the “extra” sentence. After the chicks fly out of the nest, the bird’s worries end. After all, the chicks still need to be taught to fly, look for food, and hide from enemies. In case of danger, some birds give the chicks a signal to hide, others try to ward off the enemy with cunning, and still others fearlessly chase a kite or a fox.14. Read the text. Explain what the meaning of the words in this text is. The sun rose, the fog began to disperse in waves, the boat was lowered into the water, and we floated to the shore. There is fog ahead, and the waves are rolling in, and the fulmars are screaming - seabirds. A fulmar will emerge from the fog and, screaming astern, disappear into the fog. Boat - _____________________________________________________________________Foolish - _____________________________________________________________________15. Put the missing punctuation marks at the end of the sentences. “What kind of guy is he?” “Well, like a bird,” said the grandfather hesitantly. – Walk faster__– And he’s black__– You’ll see, you’ll see. “If we meet you, we can scare you with a double-barreled shotgun,” we suggested. - Look, what did they come up with__16. Circle the number of the correct answer. The suffix is ​​present in all words of the group: 1) dictionary, secretary 3) flow, lump 2) nickel, good fellow 4) basket, cat

unstressed vowels.

Text...Do you know that snakes are beneficial? They clear fields and forests from harmful insects, protect houses from mice and rats. Snake venom is used to prepare medicine.. Can a person be friends with snakes? They look around, maybe. They live In China there are snakes. Children often play with these snakes. They hang them around their necks, carry them in their bosoms or place them on their heads... And in India they tame young pythons. The python is an obedient and affectionate animal. He regularly catches mice in the house, loves to climb onto his lap. The python freezes with delight when they pet him and say kind words.

One day the Sun and the angry North Wind started a dispute about which of them
stronger. They argued for a long time and finally decided to measure their strength over
a traveler who at that very time was riding along the great
road.

Look,” said the Wind, “how I’ll fly at him: I’ll tear him off in an instant.”
cloak.

He said - and began to blow as hard as he could. But the more the Wind tried, the more
The traveler wrapped himself tighter in his cloak: he grumbled about the bad weather, but
I drove further and further. The wind was angry, furious, showered the poor
traveler with rain and snow; Cursing the Wind, the traveler put on his cloak
into the sleeves and tied with a belt. At this point the Wind himself became convinced that he
the cloak cannot be pulled off.

The sun, seeing the powerlessness of its opponent, smiled and looked out from behind
clouds, warmed and dried the earth, and at the same time the poor
half-frozen traveler. Feeling the warmth of the sun's rays, he
cheered up, blessed the Sun, took off his cloak, folded it and
tied to the saddle.

You see,” the meek Sun then said to the angry Wind, “with affection and
kindness can do much more than anger.

B. Akunin AMYGDALA

I recently read most interesting article in the journal Current Biology about an American woman who has absolutely no sense of fear. That is, generally zero point zero. Scientists hung her with sensors, scared and scared her in every way they could imagine - no negative emotions. We sent an amazing woman on a special excursion to the famous horror attraction Waverly Hills Sanatorium in Kentucky. This is an abandoned consumptive sanatorium with a bad reputation, where for thrill-seekers a whole program has been developed with optical and acoustic effects, ghost artists and other nightmares. Anyone who has seen the TV series “Ghostbusters” should know this location; it is used in several episodes.

The brave lady, covered in sensors, never lost her cool for a moment and even scared one of the “ghosts” by deciding to touch him. The rest of the excursion participants, ordinary people, screamed in horror and asked to go outside.

The reason for our American woman’s fearlessness was purely medical. There is an almond-shaped area in the brain called the amygdala. It is he who is responsible for the formation of fear.

With the rare Urbach-Wiethe disease, a very rare complication occurs, as a result of which the amygdala atrophies. This is exactly what happened to the unfortunate (or, conversely, happy?) American woman.

Sometimes this experiment is performed on animals. The mouse's amygdala is removed, and it begins to attack the cat.

And the ancient Incas, as I read somewhere, had the rudiments of neurosurgery and knew how to make a hole in the heads of warriors, from which they became undaunted. This is no other way to reach the amygdala.

One conversation with Yegor Gaidar is etched in my memory. He said that in their family there is an anomaly among men: they do not understand at all what a feeling of fear is. This was how grandfather Arkady Golikov was, this was how his father, Admiral Timur Gaidar, was, and Yegor Timurovich inherited this oddity. I always, in appearance and manner of speaking, perceived our reformer as a mumble intellectual and even once portrayed him as such in a story about the fairy Limousine. But this is because at the time of writing I was not yet familiar with Yegor Gaidar. In fact, he was, in a certain sense, a man of iron - I was told by people who observed him in various peak situations. I ask him: “Are you really not afraid of anything at all?” “Only one thing. But very strongly, he says. - Nuclear war." (It seemed funny to me then - time nuclear confrontations, in my opinion, is a thing of the past. Today, when we again begin to threaten the busurman with atomic missiles, I would no longer laugh... Okay, I’m not talking about politics now, but about the biogenerator of fear).

I'm trying to imagine what it would be like to live without fear at all. Would I like it or not?

The first impulse, of course, is to answer: yes, I would really like to!

Fear is a terribly nasty feeling.

Tolstoy wonderfully describes how Nikolai Rostov celebrates the coward, running away from the French: “One inseparable feeling of fear for his young, happy life controlled his entire being. Quickly jumping over boundaries, with the same swiftness with which he ran while playing burners, he flew across the field, occasionally turning around his pale, kind, young face, and a cold of horror ran down his back.”

Lieutenant Tolstoy must have known this condition firsthand - it is impressively described in Sevastopol Stories.

And how many unworthy acts and meanness are committed out of fear, how many destinies are broken.

No, it's decided. Please remove my amygdala. I want to not be afraid of anything. Nothing at all. As Vysotsky sang: “I don’t like myself when I’m a coward.”

On the other hand... Everyone has probably had to do something through fear in their life.

One of my early memories is how for some reason we started jumping from the roof of the garage in the yard. I was probably six or seven years old. As usual, there was someone reckless, and the rest followed him, including me. He looked down from above - horror, numbness. Especially when my friend, who was braver than me, jumped, twisted his ankle and screamed in pain. And I'm next. The girls are watching from below (they are smarter than us fools - they didn’t climb). He jumped, of course. Where to go? And for the first time in my life I experienced a feeling of victory - the most precious of victories, victory over myself. Maybe it wasn’t such a stupid thing to jump from the roof of a garage.

Why fear is needed from a biological point of view is clear - the instinct of self-preservation is triggered. But fear is also necessary for personality development. Fear is needed so that you have something to win. Courage is not fearlessness, but the ability to defeat the amygdala. Cowardice is the opposite. When the amygdala defeats you.

Fear, such a reptile, is very tortuous and tenacious. If you cope with one, a new one will definitely hatch. Moreover, every age has its own fears.

As old age approaches, some reorientation of the amygdala occurs. She stops reacting so strongly to thoughts of death. Firstly, due to physiology - it is gradually demobilized Vital energy. Secondly, for psychological reasons. Parents, older friends, and then peers gradually move to another world. There are more and more of our own there, they populate and inhabit the otherworldly space, making it less creepy. They call the old man from there, wait for him, but here everything little by little becomes alien to him, incomprehensible, uninteresting.

In old age, a woman’s painful fear of being unattractive and unwanted usually weakens. Why, if everything has already happened, everything has already happened?

In men, competitiveness weakens and ambition disappears. (This is actually one of the indispensable attributes of wisdom).

Well, a person of my profession, if he takes it seriously, in Japanese, as a Path, has his own specific fear. I've heard many times from fellow writers in writer's block fears that the magical state of flight will never return. Some people get scared and go on a binge.

Let’s say I have a slightly different specialty as a writer - I’m a fiction writer. I have no use for flying, I build architectural structures, from the bottom up - as high as I can. But this activity is also scary.

Once, answering a question from the “mailbox,” I already talked about the peur de manquer point. I’ll repeat it for those who haven’t seen it.

I had pain in a certain place on my spine for a long time, and it just wouldn’t go away. It made life terribly difficult. I even started walking with a cane like a cheap dude. In the end, I went to a French doctor with a Chinese diploma. She touched me, leafed through some tome and said: “This is the point that hurts you, which is called Fear of Failure. Do you want me to remove it for you? “Somehow she’s very sensitive with you.”

I thought and thought and refused. It's impossible to write a living book if you're not vibrating with the fear that you won't succeed. Even if it's just a detective story. The doctor said: “Then I can move the point to another place, under the shoulder blade. It won’t interfere with walking.” I conjured something there, crushed it, poked it with my finger, and my back went away. But the Fear of Failure remained.

And where would I be without this fear?

No, I want to be afraid and rejoice in victory over fear.

Don't touch my amygdala.

Show full text

Throughout our lives, each of us has experienced fear because of something: be it a huge dog, a spider, a monster under the bed, or an overly difficult exam. But why do we need fear? Was it easier for a person to live without him? It is about the problem of the role of fear in Everyday life B. Akunin reflects in his text.

As an argument “against” fear, the author cites the example of the ancient Incas, who “knew how to make a hole in the heads of warriors, from which they became undaunted.” B. Akunin talks about fear, how about a nasty feeling, after all, “how many unworthy acts and meanness are committed out of fear.” On the other hand, according to the writer, fear is an incentive to win, an incentive to work on oneself. After all, even in the profession of fiction there is a fear that nothing will work out.

It is impossible to disagree with the author on this issue, because overcoming yourself and doing it, which you couldn’t do for a long time because you were afraid, you become, as it were, a step higher, better than yourself in the past. And thus you discover for yourself new world opportunities.

As an argument, I would like to cite the main character of the work “Fahrenheit 451” by R. Bradbury, Guy Montag. He worked as a fireman, but not in the traditional sense. His task was to come to the call and burn books, and at the same time the houses of their owners (sometimes along with people). But one day he meets a girl, Clarissa, on the street, who opens his eyes to the “true meaning of the book.” Guy realizes that they

Criteria

• 1 of 1 K1 Formulation of source text problems
• 3 of 3 K2

(1) I recently read an article by my colleague in a magazine. (2) Speaking about our society, about our many problems, he was glad that today’s Russians have freed themselves from prejudice, from hypocrisy, which bothered us so much before. (3) Here, it seems to me, something needs to be clarified.

(4)What is meant by prejudice?(5) If by prejudice we understand superstitions, unjustified prejudices, then, of course, such prejudices are worthy of condemnation. (6) But Pushkin writes in a letter to Chaadaev: “... I am far from admiring everything that I see around me; ...as a person with prejudices, I am offended...” (7) And, you see, he is unlikely to mean superstitions, black cats and “relics of the past.”

(8) His prejudices are not something ridiculous, outdated. (9) In this case, Pushkin talks about what “turns on” before reason. (10) Before him. (11) Before him. (12) About what always lives in a person’s consciousness, what constitutes his emotional and subconscious memory, what is embedded in him by the past, what does not depend on the will. (13) And what are these prejudices? (14) Yes, still the same concepts of acceptable and unacceptable, possible and impossible, fair and unfair, noble and dishonorable.

(15) A rational, evaluative understanding of what is happening will come later, and who knows what conclusions and conclusions it will end with. (16) But the prejudice has already worked, has already configured a person in a certain way, and it is impossible not to take it into account.

(17)Now about the hypocrisy.(18) In any explanatory dictionary they write that a bigot is “a hypocrite hiding behind virtue and piety.” (19) That’s all true, and hypocrisy is a really unpleasant thing, but... (20) Today we can only dream of hypocrisy! (21) We still need to get to him! (22) We still need to live to see the time when our officials and ordinary citizens will be able to pronounce the necessary lofty words, understanding their meaning.

(23)The bigot, although not always, must perform actions in accordance with those lofty concepts that public opinion forces him to proclaim. ( 24)But expecting noble deeds and honest decisions from a person convinced that noble thoughts and honesty do not exist in nature is simply useless.(25) No, you can still get along with a hypocrite, but with a frank and principled “superman”, a person without prejudices...

(26) In the West, a person who gets rich necessarily engages in charity. (27) Not because he is such a saint. (28) But because let him try not to do it! (29) No, they will not prosecute him, but they will definitely make him an outcast, not allowed into decent society.

(30) That's what we're talking about. (31) How can we introduce into our lives the high concepts of duty and honor, conscience and service to the people. (32) So that, while fighting hypocrisy, one does not fall into savagery.

(According to I. Serkov)

Composition

Prejudice, hypocrisy, hypocrisy... We are accustomed to the fact that these qualities have a negative meaning. But I. Serkov, raising the problems of prejudice and hypocrisy in the text, forced us to look at them from a slightly different angle. It seems to me that the main questions for I. Serkov in this case are the following: what are prejudices, how do they differ from hypocrisy and hypocrisy, is it necessary to fight hypocrisy and hypocrisy “so as not to fall into savagery” and introduce the concepts of duty and honor.

The reason for thinking about an issue that has always been relevant at all times was an article by a colleague, in which he “was glad that today’s Russians have freed themselves from prejudices, from the hypocrisy that so hindered us before.” I. Serkov immediately notes the need to clarify the concept of “prejudice.” If these are superstitions, unjustified prejudices, then they are worthy of condemnation. But the great Pushkin, Serkov notes, said about himself that he was a man with prejudices. And the author redefines this concept: prejudices are “the concepts of permissible and unacceptable, possible and impossible, fair and unfair, noble and dishonorable.” The author also examines hypocrisy from an original angle. Hypocrisy is a bad quality, but nowadays sometimes a hypocrite becomes better than man, “convinced that noble thoughts and honesty do not exist in nature.” A hypocrite at least sometimes takes actions to justify the concepts he talks about; a “superman” will not do good deeds.

Let me suggest that the main result of I. Serkov’s thoughts is contained in the final sentences of the text: “That’s what we’re talking about. How can we introduce into our lives the high concepts of duty and honor, conscience and service to the people? So that, while fighting hypocrisy, one does not fall into savagery.” I understand it this way: the need in society is not so much to fight hypocrisy, but rather to educate people in the desire to do good, to be honest, conscientious people.

It is impossible not to agree with this solution to the issue of hypocrisy and hypocrisy. Look around, listen to the radio, watch television, read the newspapers. How often do we hear calls for help for sick children. And what’s surprising is that ordinary people are the first to respond: doctors, teachers, pensioners, workers... They give little by little, but from the heart! And our oligarchs, “supermen” can often stay on the sidelines; if they make any donations, it is for some selfish interest, for PR, in order to pay less tax...

The problem of hypocrisy, hypocrisy, and indifference has always been acutely posed in literature. Thus, the image of Tartuffe from Moliere’s comedy of the same name has become synonymous with the word “hypocrite.” Tartuffe hides behind religion, pretends to be a saint, not believing in anything, and secretly carries out his dark affairs.

Thinking about hypocrisy, I involuntarily remembered the most striking, in my opinion, image from Russian classical literature. This, of course, is Molchalin, the hero of A. S. Griboedov’s comedy “Woe from Wit.” “To please all people without exception” is his life credo. Chatsky, unlike him, lives by the laws of sincerity and truthfulness, tells the truth to everyone, sometimes to his own detriment. He, however, is bitterly forced to admit: “The silent ones are blissful in the world.”

Studying A. N. Ostrovsky’s drama “The Thunderstorm,” we noted how negative trait Kabanova's hypocrisy. Kulibin says about Kabanova that she gives money to the poor, but completely eats up her family. This means that the prude is driven by the desire to appear better than he really is. And we hate Kabanikha with all our hearts and sympathize with Katerina, who is sincere in everything.

We must remember that sometimes hypocrisy leads to tragic consequences. In the story

G. Shcherbakova “You never dreamed of” the elders, frightened by the love of their children, lie to them. They want to protect a high school student from what his parents consider unnecessary love and send him to his supposedly ill grandmother from Moscow to St. Petersburg. Grandmother does not get out of bed after a stroke. But one day Roman returns from school early, finds out that letters from his beloved were hidden from him, enters the apartment, sees the “sick” granny happily smoking a cigarette, sipping wine and telling on the phone how cleverly they are deceiving the young man. Roman will jump out the window and die by hitting his chest on steel pipe…

To be, not to seem... This aphorism has been known since Ancient Rome. But how modern it sounds today. No need to hide behind beautiful phrases, you don’t have to do good deeds just to be noticed and praised. Everything must be according to the laws of duty, honor, and conscience. And then no one will call you a hypocrite. And if there are more sympathetic, kind and merciful people, the world around will become a better place...

Source text No. 3

(1) I have been to many places and was interested in how people interact with nature. (2) The “crown of creation” has caused mischief everywhere. (3) The kings of the universe have nothing to boast about: they hunted poorly, fished poorly and behaved in relation to nature like conquerors...

(4) Have you noticed the discrepancy between how much we talk about preserving nature, we talk passionately, poetically, and how little effect these correct words produce? (5) They never became the conviction of everyone and did not penetrate the heart and consciousness. (6) But man is a particle of nature, cognizing itself. (7) This thought accurately determines a person’s attitude towards environment: man is inseparable from nature. (8) Moreover, they cannot be in the position of slave and master. (9) If such an unnatural state arises, then both peace and the balance between them are disrupted. (10) Nature is not a raw material for civilization, but a beautiful sunny palace, into which man must make improvements with his labor, will, and mind. (11) There is no greater crime than to mutilate and pervert nature. (12) Nature, the unique cradle of life in the Universe, is the mother who gave birth to and nurtured us, and therefore we must treat her as our mother, with the highest degree of love.

(13) Do we always observe moral laws in relation to nature? (14) Alas, no. (15) It’s not for nothing that prohibitions and “severe” punishments appeared... (16) Everyone knows about them, and yet...

(17) So, the point is not in prohibiting laws, not in punishments. (18) In general, punishment has never been a strong means of solving any problem.

(19) Fines, and large fines, must be taken for a boorish attitude towards nature. (20) But at the same time, it is necessary to strengthen propaganda in defense of nature, and not only conduct it in a pathetic manner. (21) You need to achieve the realization that nature is your life, that a tree and a flower cannot be on their own, and you cannot be on your own, that if you destroy nature, you yourself will disappear. (22) For nature is air, and without air there is no life. (23) It’s time to understand that our health and that of our children completely depends on the green, blue, fragrant, flowing, blooming world, that this world can do without us, and we can never do without it. (24) One must go without getting tired to overcome stubborn deafness, mental bad manners, and lack of enlightenment.

(25) Nature has the happy property of restoring itself. (26) I got the feeling that the world around us is straining against death, and we need to help it. (27) Each of us needs to participate in this matter. (28) We all, regardless of what we do, must serve to protect defenseless, trusting and powerful nature, without which we are nothing.

(According to Yu. Nagibin)

Information about the text.

Main problems	Author's position
1. The problem of imbalance between man and nature. (What is the manifestation and what does the violation of interaction between man and nature lead to? Is it necessary to observe moral laws in relation to nature?)	1. Violation of the interaction between man and nature is unnatural, immoral and leads to irreversible consequences that endanger human life and the surrounding world. A person must observe moral laws in relation to nature, because he is part of Nature - the “cradle of life”, which must be treated as “your mother - with the highest degree of love”.
2. The problem of instilling respect for the environment. (Is it necessary to specifically instill in a person respect for the world around him?)	2. It is necessary to cultivate in people respect for the world around them, of which they are a part, it is necessary to cultivate the desire to preserve it.

Text information

Main problems	Author's position
1. The problem of the connection between man and nature. (What is the connection between man and nature? What destroys this connection?)	1. The connection between man and nature is manifested in the innate sense of nature, which is inherent in everyone, but is drowned out due to man’s adherence to false values.
2. The problem of perception of nature. (What is love of nature?)	2. Love for nature is not limited to admiring its picturesque views. People endowed with a poetic feeling have access to a deeper understanding of nature, associated with a special worldview that excludes the vanity of perception.
3. The problem of the impact of nature on humans. (How does nature affect humans?)	3. Nature allows you to escape from petty and selfish worries, having a beneficial effect on a person’s thoughts and feelings.

Composition

How often do we talk about the need to love nature and treat it with care. But just as often, as Yu. Nagibin correctly noted, these are just beautiful words; in reality, it costs us nothing to break a young tree in passing, leave a fire unextinguished in the forest, or throw garbage out of the car window. We can, because we imagine ourselves to be kings of nature! Yu. M. Nagibin raises a very important problem in our time, the problem of imbalance between man and nature. He is concerned about the question of whether it is necessary to comply

moral laws in relation to nature.

So important environmental problem the author decides sharply, his manner of addressing the reader is excited, sometimes even harsh. “The crown of creation,” man, according to Nagibin, “has caused trouble,” he behaves in relation to nature as a conqueror. Beautiful words about her remain words because they do not come from the heart. Man and nature cannot be in the position of slave and master, man is a particle of nature, and nature is “not raw material for civilization, but a beautiful sunny palace, into which man must make improvements with his labor, will, and mind.” To solve the problem of immoral attitude towards nature, “fines, and large fines, must be taken for boorish attitude towards nature.” But it is even more important to strengthen propaganda in defense of nature, to ensure that everyone realizes that “nature is your life, that a tree or a flower cannot be on its own, and you cannot be on your own, that if you destroy nature, you yourself will perish.”

Yu. Nagibin is deeply convinced that disruption of interaction between

by man and nature is unnatural, immoral and leads to irreversible consequences that endanger human life and the surrounding world.

A person must observe moral laws in relation to nature, because he is a part of nature - the “cradle of life”; he must treat her as “his mother - with the highest degree of love.”

I am ready to subscribe to every conclusion, every thought of Yu. Nagibin’s deep and disturbing article. We imagine that nature’s reserves are inexhaustible; we don’t think that we will leave behind. Words about an environmental catastrophe are being heard more and more often. Let us remember the consequences of the terrible earthquake in Japan in 2011; they could have been much less if people had arranged the nuclear power plant more wisely. Much earlier there was the Chernobyl disaster.

Many writers warn us about the danger of a thoughtless, consumerist attitude towards the riches of the Earth. Many of Nagibin’s lines echo the lines of classics. We remember the statement of E. Bazarov, the hero of I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” But Yu. Nagibin believes that it is a “beautiful sunny palace.” In my opinion, if a person is a worker in this palace, then you want him to be an intelligent, zealous worker. I remember the words of I.V. Michurin: “We cannot wait for favors from nature; taking them from her is our task.” This phrase is a symbol of consumer attitude towards nature.

A kind of warning about future catastrophes are M. Bulgakov’s stories “Fatal Eggs” and “ dog's heart" In the first, giant reptiles that almost destroyed the capital were bred as a result of an experiment; in the second, a cute dog was turned into the disgusting Sharikov.

My favorite book about human kindness is B. Vasiliev’s story “Don’t Shoot White Swans.” It shows a person who truly loves nature. Yegor Polushkin dreams that Black Lake, which once bore the name Lebyazhye, will regain this wonderful name. He says that man is not the king of nature, but her eldest son and should treat her as a beloved mother.

We must remember that by destroying nature, we destroy our future and the future of our children. A person must take care of nature, his native home, in which he, a person, is not a king, not a guest, but an intelligent and caring owner for many millennia.

Source text No. 4

(1) I still don’t know: did human art have two paths from the very beginning or did it split into two much later? (2) The beauty of the surrounding world: a flower and the flight of a swallow, a foggy lake and a star, the rising sun and a honeycomb, a dense tree and a woman’s face - all the beauty of the surrounding world gradually accumulated in the human soul, then the return inevitably began. (3) An image of a flower or a deer appeared on the handle of a battle axe. (4) An image of the sun or a bird decorated a birch bark bucket or a primitive clay plate. (5) After all, folk art still has a clearly applied nature. (6) Every decorated product is, first of all, a product, be it a salt shaker, an arc, a spoon, a ruffle, a sled, a towel, a baby’s cradle...

(14) In man, in addition to the needs to eat, sleep and procreate, there lived two great needs.(15) The first of them - communication with the soul of another person.(16) It probably arose because the soul is like billions of prints either from the same one or from several, not very many, negatives.

(17) The second human need is communication with heaven, that is, with infinity in time and space. (18) After all, a person is a particle, even a millionth, even an instantaneous one, but still a particle of that very infinity and limitlessness. (19) The symbol of this boundlessness is, of course, the sky.

(20)…By the way, a stupa can also be a work of art. (21) Graceful duck salt shakers, wooden ladles in the shape of swans. (22) The ruble used to roll laundry was turned into a unique product. (23) Krasnoborskie, Valdai, Vologda spicebush. (24) Flowers and suns, birds and tree leaves, tea parties and Maslenitsa skating - everything found a place on these gingerbread trees, everything was woven into the general patterns, into the general beauty.

(25) After all, it would seem that it doesn’t matter which board you tie a piece of flax to and weave a harsh thread from it. (26) But that means it doesn’t matter if here they are, hundreds of spinners, and there are no two that match in design or carving.

(According to V. Soloukhin*)

*Soloukhin Vladimir Alekseevich (1924–1997) – poet, prose writer, publicist, author of essay books about the Russian village.

Composition

With bated breath, with delight, we stop in front of great works of art. We are deeply touched by the icons of Andrei Rublev, we are shocked by the art of the architects who erected the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl, built wooden churches on the island of Kizhi without a single nail; With trepidation we peer at the paintings of great artists. What is the basis of art? This is the question that worries V. A. Soloukhin.

The problem of the purpose of art, of what moves a person, forcing him to create, worried many writers and poets. It seems to me that the need to create most accurately reflected

A. S. Pushkin in the poem “Autumn”. We remember the lines well:

It's a sad time! the charm of my eyes! Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me - I love the lush decay of nature, the forests dressed in crimson and gold... The poet admires the wonderful time of year, and the need is born in him to capture his thoughts and feelings: And I forget the world - and in the sweet silence I am sweetly lulled my imagination, And poetry awakens in me: The soul is embarrassed by lyrical excitement…………………………………………………………….And the thoughts in my head are excited in courage, And rhymes the lungs run towards them, And the fingers ask for the pen, the pen for the paper, A minute - and the poems will flow freely.

A short story by V. P. Astafiev, “A Far and Near Fairy Tale,” tells how music is born and what impact it can have on a person. As a little boy, the narrator heard a violin. The violinist played Oginsky’s composition, and this music shocked the young listener. The violinist told him how the melody was born. The composer Oginsky wrote it, saying goodbye to his homeland, managed to convey his sadness in sounds, and now it awakens the best feelings in people. The composer himself is no longer there, the violinist, who gave the listener wonderful moments of comprehending beauty, died, the boy grew up... One day at the front he heard the sounds of an organ. The same music sounded, the same Oginsky polonaise, but in childhood it evoked tears, shock, and now the melody sounded like an ancient battle cry, calling somewhere, forcing someone to do something, so that the fires of war would go out, so that people would not huddle close to the burning ruins , so that they go into their home, under the roof, to their relatives and loved ones, so that the sky, our eternal sky, does not throw up explosions and burn with hellish fire.

According to V. Rozov. Some strange rumor has spread today that it is not at all necessary to teach literature at school... The role of books in the intellectual, spiritual and moral development of the individual. The need to study literature at school (do modern schoolchildren need to study literature?)

Original text

(1) Something flashed by today a strange rumor that it is not at all necessary to teach literature at school, taking time away from the exact sciences, which, they say, are the basis of the fundamentals, and literature is for a few and should be taught as an elective.(2) This is said by wise men who are unable to understand that the book is the deepest source of knowledge of the world and the most strong remedy impact on the spiritual development of the individual... (3) It is extremely important to understand that a book, like nothing else, saturates the soul. (4) And the usual expression, which we sometimes don’t even think about, “Love the book, the source of knowledge” is not accidental. (5) Gorky said: (6) “I owe everything that is good in me to books.” (7) I think any developed person, even the greatest, can say this. (8) The classical authors of past centuries fed on those books of antiquity that developed their individuality. (9) It would be good to remember this for those who today deprive people of the habit of reading and frivolously declare: Why bother reading a book when you can see everything on the screen in an hour and a half and get a ready-made stereotype?

(10) I am painfully worried about rumors that literature will be removed from school. (11) I’m not worried about literature, nothing will happen to it, it will exist as long as our world lives; I worry about our girls and boys who will not be able to become co-creators - they will be poorer, immeasurably poorer than us, although perhaps more pragmatic. (12) Which is better: [...] a person or a pragmatist? (13) For me there is no question: an internally rich, highly spiritual person is much more more interesting than a person practical. (14) A spiritually developed person is more harmonious and pleasant in communication, meaningful, in contrast to a person who is meager in spirit, although very rich materially.

(15) Books, like nothing else, can warn thinking people, the younger generation, will help recognize evil and teach goodness. (16) They have existed on Earth for several thousand years - papyri, parchment scrolls, Gutenberg typesets, the printing house of Ivan Fedorov... (17) People sought to capture and convey to their contemporaries and descendants what was always considered vitally important and necessary. (18) The writer knows something that he cannot think of a common person, he can express in words a thought that pierces the soul. (19) A writer separated from me by time reveals something in my soul that would be unrecognizable without him.

(20) This book not only teaches and reveals to a person the beauty of the world, it also pleases and heals the soul, and therefore the body. (21) Because everything spiritual is closely connected with the physical.

(22) My whole life has been inextricably linked with literature from the very day when I discovered the magic of words. (23) And if the rumors about the abolition of literature in school come true, it will be a blow for me.

(According to V. Rozov*)

*Viktor Sergeevich Rozov (1913 -2004) - Russian Soviet playwright. Laureate of the USSR State Prize (1967). Author of more than 20 plays and 6 film scripts, including the play “Forever Living” and, based on it, the script for the film “The Cranes Are Flying.” Academician of the Russian Academy of Literature. Was president Russian Academy theater arts and a member of the Writers' Union.

Text information

Essay (on 1st issue)

Happy is the person in whose spiritual world the book occupies a significant place. He discovers a whole world for himself, learns to think, feel, and empathize. V. S. Lvov reflects on the problem of the role of books in the intellectual, spiritual and moral development of the individual.

The author emphasizes the importance of the issue he raises. It pains him that in our time the attitude towards books has changed, that many are of the opinion: “Why bother reading a book when you can see everything on the screen in an hour and a half, get a ready-made stereotype?” He notes that the book served as a source of knowledge for many classics. It can still be one of the factors in the formation of a spiritually developed personality. V. S. Lvov is painfully worried that “literature will be removed from school.” Literature will remain, but boys and girls will become poorer, deprived of the opportunity to “become co-creators.”

The author is sure that R The role of books in personal development is unique; reading books is important for those modern young people who strive to become internally rich, highly spiritual members of society. I couldn't agree more with his position. The book has for me great importance. The best pastime for me is not sitting for long hours in front of the TV or aimlessly hanging out with my peers. No, I like to sit in a corner and read my favorite books when it’s quietly raining or snow is falling. I love F. M. Dostoevsky, but not the program “Crime and Punishment”, but the novel “The Idiot”. I read it to the point of trembling, to tears, together with Prince Myshkin, experiencing difficult turns of fate. I love Tolstoy’s heroine Natasha Rostova and go to the first ball with her, I suffer from the breakup with Prince Andrei, I cry when he dies, I meet new love…

The book has long been of special importance in the world. The benefits of books and reading were written about in The Tale of Bygone Years. Yaroslav the Wise said that the benefits of bookish teaching are great: books teach and instruct, and from bookish words we gain wisdom and self-restraint. These are the rivers that water the universe, these are the sources of wisdom; the books have immeasurable depth; with them we console ourselves in sorrow. Yaroslav loved books very much and read them often. He increased the number of books in Rus' and gradually introduced them into use. From that time on, book wisdom was firmly established among Russians.

K. G. Paustovsky in “The Golden Rose” promulgated the idea that among all the creations of the mind and human hands, it is the art of words that is immortal. But it is immortal only when it selflessly goes into life with all its roots, when it greedily absorbs all its juices, smells, sounds, colors, its hopes, suffering, struggle and love. Despite the passing decades, the words of K. G. Paustovsky still ring true: “A person who loves and knows how to read - happy man. He is surrounded by many smart, kind and loyal friends. These friends are books.”

From M. Gorky's story “Childhood” we learn that books helped the hero of the work overcome the “lead abominations of life” and become human. Already being famous writer, Maxim Gorky remembers the cook of the Dobry steamship

M.A. Smury, who was illiterate, but at the same time collected books. Thanks to the cook, young Gorky gets acquainted with a variety of works of world literature.

I think the book will always have a special place in my life. I will read new books, reread my favorite classic works, every time I will discover new names in literature, new thoughts and feelings in my favorite book.

Essay (on the 2nd issue)

IN Lately A lot of attention is paid to the teaching of literature at school. It is no coincidence that a debate on this issue has developed in the media and on the Internet. For example,

N.D. Solzhenitsyn, the widow of the great writer, is seriously concerned about the reduction of hours on this subject, and what books are offered to schoolchildren to read according to the program, and the quality of teaching literature. The same problem, the problem of studying literature at school, is raised by V. Rozov.

Rozov’s thoughts are not a tribute to fashion. It feels like this is a really sore point for him. He calls those who believe that it is not necessary to teach literature at school “smart guys”; he is sure that these smart guys are depriving people of the habit of reading. If literature is removed from school, boys and girls “will not be able to become co-creators - they will be poorer, immeasurably poorer than us, although perhaps more pragmatic.”

V. S. Rozov is confident that literature forms culturally significant values, reveals to a person the beauty of the world and helps to understand the world. and oneself, which means that the study of literature is necessary in school.

...How much poorer our school life would be if there were no literature lessons in it! We were lucky: our class was taught literature by an elderly but very talented teacher. How she read the poems of her beloved Blok! We sat spellbound. How we empathized with Raskolnikov, Natasha Rostova; We began to understand even the boring Oblomov thanks to our teacher. We also appreciated her for the fact that she did not stop us from expressing our point of view, and never imposed hers. Literature lessons have become favorites of many of my classmates. Therefore, I cannot but agree with S. Lvov’s views on the problem of teaching literature at school.

One can recall many works in which the issue of teaching literature in school is raised. D. Orlov has a short story “Pharmacy of the Soul”. Together with the narrator, we find ourselves in the distant post-war years and meet the wonderful literature teacher A. A. Titov. His communication with children is based on the principle of trust; he is a master of his craft, able to captivate sounding word hooligan boys from post-war Maryina Roshcha. “San Sanych pierced our souls with Tolstoy - with the help of Gorky’s text, he gave us a cure for all sorts of ugliness,” writes D. Orlov. Literature lessons and great Russian literature itself became the “pharmacy of the soul” for these children.

In G. Shcherbakova’s book “You Never Even Dreamed of” there is an image of a literature teacher, whom her students call Tanechka behind her back because of her youth. She tries to get her pets interested in reading books and very rightly, thinking alone, says that her subject is the only one that touches the soul.

In “Letters about the Good and the Beautiful,” D. S. Likhachev recalls his literature teacher, who, as soon as the children had a free lesson, came to them and read books. So he introduced the children to chapters from “War and Peace”, “The Captain’s Daughter”, several stories by Maupassant, an epic about Nightingale Budimirovich, Krylov’s fables, Derzhavin’s odes and many others.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky wrote that reading is a window through which children see and learn about the world and themselves. So do we have the right to close this magic window by excluding literature from compulsory subjects at school or reducing the hours for teaching it?!