When used neither. Spelling is not or neither. In a simple sentence

In a famous hit song it is sung: “I will follow you, no matter what path is prophesied for me...” Or is it “no prophesied”? What is before us - affirmation or denial? Compared to the negative particle, the non-particle is used much less frequently, but it is precisely with the distinction between these particles that many difficulties in Russian writing are associated.

“Transparent” cases of use do not include:

not in fixed terms
- Neither give nor take; neither light nor dawn; neither day nor night; neither stand nor sit; neither alive nor dead; neither fish nor fowl; neither this nor that ( commas are not separated!).
- None - i.e. no one (not one - many); not once - not at all (more than once - many times, several times).
- Don `t move! No step back!

paired use neither: no, no (the people received neither bread nor circuses).
In such sentences, the negative particle cannot be replaced or omitted altogether - the meaning of the statement will remain the same. ( The people did not receive bread and circuses. The people did not receive bread or circuses.)

Difficult cases of use include the following:

neither to strengthen the denial
In sentences where neither is used to strengthen negation, there is usually already a negation (no, not): There is not a penny of money. Didn't give me a ruble. Sometimes denial is only implied: Not a penny in your pocket. There wasn't a penny in my pocket.

there is still double negative with not(I couldn’t help but notice. I can’t help but admit it). This double negation gives the sentence the sense of an affirmation rather than a negation ( I couldn't help but notice - I noticed. You can’t help but confess - you have to confess). To avoid making mistakes, select synonymous replacements for expressions and words, then a lot will become clearer; Try not to memorize the rules, but to understand them and focus on examples that illustrate the rules.

use not with pronouns and adverbs
Whoever passes by will leave a trace ( whoever passes, everyone will pass).
Wherever you stop, everyone recognizes you ( wherever you stop - wherever you stop).
No matter which road you go, there is a dead end everywhere ( no matter which way you go - any road you go).
In such sentences, pronouns and adverbs with neither can be easily replaced by synonymous constructions. Neither is used with pronouns and adverbs in cases where no exclamation or question.

V independent exclamatory and interrogative sentences(in the presence or possibility of substituting intensifying particles only, really) it is not written: Where has he not been? Who didn't love him! What thoughts have I not changed my mind!

V concessive clauses to enhance the affirmative meaning only used: “I will go after you, no matter what the path prophesies for me...” (“I will go”, regardless of what “the path prophesies”). That is, no matter what is sung, you still need to write nothing.

Unfortunately, sometimes without knowing the native one. There are a lot of strict rules in the Russian language, unlike other, so to speak, “non-Slavic” languages. Let's consider one of the most pressing questions: when is “not” written, and when is “neither” written?

When to write “not” and when to write “neither”

In order to fully understand when “not” is written and when “neither” is written, the purpose of both particles should be clearly distinguished. As a rule, “not” is used for negation, and when used twice, for affirmation. The particle “ni” rather plays the role of reinforcement (both with single and double use).

When to write "not"

1. Negative sentences (“I didn’t see”, “That’s not what I said”).
2. Double use in sentences implying an affirmative meaning (“I can’t help but say...”, “It’s impossible not to note”).
3. In interrogative and exclamatory sentences (“Where have I been”, “Why isn’t he a hero?”).
4. Subordinate clauses (“Stay here until I return”).
5. Connective conjunctions “not that”, not only..., but”, “not that not..., but”, not that..., not that...", etc.).

When to write "neither"

1. The usual strengthening of denial (“There is not a soul in the forest,” i.e. there is no one at all).
2. Double negative (“Neither give nor take,” “Wherever you look,...”).
3. Before the predicate in subordinate clauses to enhance the semantic load (“Do whatever he asks”).
4. Categorical orders (“Don’t move!”, “Not a step back!”).
5. Negative pronouns and adverbs (“nobody”, “never”) and stable phrases (“Left with nothing”, “I have nothing to do with”, “No way”).

Thus, the question of when to write “not” and when to write “neither” should become clearer for many. However, in in this case we are dealing more with the modern Russian language, without touching on the topic of outdated speech patterns. However, it seems that even with these simple examples one can quite simply understand the rules for using the particles “not” and “nor”.

Be that as it may, many people sometimes need to brush up on their school knowledge and look at their textbooks more often. Otherwise, as can be seen from the above, the rules of use are quite simple. In any case, before writing a sentence, you should assess the situation and then, based on the rules, insert the desired particle.

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The particle is not used much less frequently in comparison with the negative particle, but there are many difficulties associated with distinguishing these particular particles in the Russian language. Sometimes it can be difficult to immediately determine what is correct to write in a particular sentence - neither or not. But, in principle, everything is not so difficult. How to distinguish not from neither will be discussed in this article.

We don't write

The choice between neither and not often depends on the meaning of the phrase. It should be remembered that it does not deny, but does not strengthen. Let's think and figure it out simple examples. First let's look at negation with not:

• I didn’t come alone (but with a friend).
• I came more than once (but three times).

Negation can also be expressed using conjunctions if not, then; not this, not that; not that not; not only but. In these constructions only not is used. The following words are not used: barely, only, yet.

Let's talk about double negation. It has the opposite meaning. For example, “I couldn’t help but look,” which means I looked, or “I couldn’t help but take it,” which means I took it. In these cases we only use no.

We write neither

Now let's look at the gain that ni gives. It will look like this:

• Not a single one came (that is, no one at all).
• Not a soul at home (that is, no one at all).

Now about stable forms with neither. They refer to the so-called “transparent” cases of using neither:

• Neither light nor dawn, neither give nor take, neither for no reason, neither day nor night, neither alive nor dead, neither stand nor sit (no need to separate with a comma).
• By all means, no matter what, for no reason at all.
• Use neither in pairs: neither nor. In these cases, the negative particle can either be simply omitted or replaced with: “People received neither bread nor circuses.” (People did not receive bread and circuses. People did not receive bread and circuses).
• You can often hear the question of how to write correctly: strangely enough or strangely enough. It's spelled strangely enough. This is a stable combination (phraseologism) that is used as a conjunction.
• It is not found in similar constructions: no matter what, no matter where, no matter how much.
• You also need to figure out how to spell it correctly: how not or how not. You need to write no matter what. This is again a phraseological unit used as a conjunction.
• The same answer can be given to the following question: how should one write: no matter how or no matter how. Whatever - this is also a phraseological unit, it is written exactly like that.

How to write not or neither

• Let's look at two similar examples and think about how to write not and neither. Examples: “Where have I been!” and “And wherever I have been, everywhere is good.” Why do we write no in the first case, and neither in the second? In a simple interrogative or exclamatory sentence you should write not, but in a subordinate clause you should write neither. In this case, the correctness of the choice between neither and is not easily verified. If you remove a particle and the meaning of the sentence is not lost, then it is written neither, but if the meaning changes, then not.
• There are cases when the choice between neither and does not depend on stress. For example, no one and no one, that is, the correct spelling again depends on the meaning. But in this case there are exceptions. For example, it is difficult to decide on the spelling of the adverb not a little, not a lot. For example: “I wasn’t at all scared” and “a lot of water has flown under the bridge.” In this case, you can apply the rule that was used above. Remove the particles and determine what happened to the meaning. But you can use a simpler option: not at all - that is, at all, a lot - that is, a lot. The first strengthens, the second denies.

So, if you remember that the choice of the correct spelling of particles is neither and nor depends on the meaning, and that which neither denies nor enhances, then you will never again ask the question of how to distinguish not from neither.

VII. Spelling NOT and NOR

§ 88.Not written together:

1. In all cases where without a negative particle Not the word is not used, for example: ignorant, inevitable, unfortunate, indignant, unwell, unwell, lacking(meaning “not enough”), impossible, impossible, really, unbearable, unshakable, unharmed.

2. With nouns, if the negation gives the word a new, opposite meaning, for example: enemy, misfortune, if the negation gives a word that does not have this particle the meaning of opposition, negation, for example: non-specialist, non-Marxist, non-Russian eg: disagreements between Marxists and non-Marxists; everyone for non-specialists I liked the report; not Russian will look without love at this pale, bloody, whip-scarred muse (Nekrasov).

3. With full and short adjectives and with adverbs -o(s) , if their combination with Not does not serve to deny any concept, but to express a new, opposite concept, for example: unhealthy looking(i.e. painful), impossible character(i.e. heavy), sea restless(i.e. worried), matter unclean(i.e. suspicious), come immediately(i.e. immediately, immediately), entered not good(i.e. bad).

7. In a verb prefix under- , indicating non-compliance with the required standard, for example: underfulfill(perform below the required standard), overlook(not enough, bad look, miss something), lack of sleep(sleep less than normal).

Note. From verbs with a prefix under- it is necessary to distinguish between verbs with a prefix before- having a negative in front of them Not and denoting an action not completed, for example: don't finish reading book, don't finish your drink tea, don't finish watching play.

§ 89.Not written separately:

1. With verbs, including participial forms, for example: she doesn't drink, doesn't eat, doesn't speak; cannot help but see; without looking, without looking, slowly.

About continuous writing despite, despite and verbs with a prefix under- see § 88, paragraphs 6 and 7.

Note. Commonly used verb forms numb, numb, numb are written together.

2. With participles: a) in a short form, for example: duty not paid, house not completed, coat not sewn; b) in full form, when the participle contains explanatory words (see § 88, paragraph 4), and also when the participle contains or implies opposition, for example: he brought unfinished work, but only individual sketches.

3. With nouns, adjectives and adverbs, if there is or is implied opposition, for example: no luck led us to success, and endurance and composure; not death terrible - your disfavor is terrible (Pushkin); morning has come not clear, but foggy; the train is coming not fast and not slow(implied: “with some average speed»); not tomorrow(there cannot but be a contrast here).

Note. You should pay attention to some cases of separate spelling of a particle Not . Particle Not written separately: a) if with an adjective, participle or adverb there is a pronoun starting with as an explanatory word neither , For example: no one (for nobody and so on.) an unnecessary thing, an error that never occurs, no one benefits from taking it on; b) if Not is part of intensifying negations far from, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all etc., preceding a noun, adjective or adverb, for example: he is not our friend at all, far from our only desire, by no means a fair solution, not at all the best way out, far from enough.

4. With pronouns and pronominal adverbs, for example: not me, not this, not another, not like that, not otherwise, not like that.

About cases of continuous writing Not with pronouns and pronominal adverbs, see § 88, paragraph 5.

Note. Philosophical term not me written with a hyphen.

5. With intensifying adverbs, as well as with prepositions and conjunctions, for example: not very, not quite, not quite, not from..., not under..., not that... not that.

The expression is written separately not once, For example: Not once he accused himself of being overly cautious (Fadeev).

6. For unchangeable words that are not formed from adjectives and act as a predicate in a sentence, for example: don't mind, don't mind, don't be sorry.

7. For all words written with a hyphen, for example: all not commercial and industrial enterprises; said not in Russian; sing not the old way.

§ 90.Neither written together:

1. In pronouns, if the particle neither is not separated from the subsequent pronoun by a preposition, for example: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no, no one's, no one's, But: no one, no one and so on.

2. In adverbs never, nowhere, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, not at all, not at all, not at all and in the particle someday.

§ 91. In all other cases the particle neither written separately.

About using particles neither cm. § .

Note. It is necessary to distinguish between revolutions none other than..., none other than... from revolutions no one else...; nothing else... eg: it was none other than your brother, but: no one else could say this; It was nothing more than fire, but: nothing else could scare me.

Often, when writing, people encounter certain spelling problems that can put a person into a creative stupor. For example, many people do not know when to write “not” and when to write “neither”. Often people get confused. Using particles “not” and “nor” with in different parts speech is carried out according to clear rules. Knowing them will allow you to cope with the correct spelling of words in the text.

Total particle value

So, more details. Each of the particles is endowed with its own meaning, which plays a key role in the direct placement of word forms in a certain position. In order to understand when “neither” is written and when “not”, you need to familiarize yourself with general view the corresponding rule.

Spelling particles for nouns and adjectives

Let's look at combinations with specific parts of speech. In the first case, the use of the particles “not” and “nor” is subject to a rule that has a slight aspect that relates to both the adjective and the noun. What does it mean?

If a synonym can be found for a certain word that does not have the prefix “not-,” then it is written together in both cases:

My friends saw a small (=small, compact) house on the lawn;

There is no need to tell me lies (=lies, deception).

And if after the corresponding word there is a contrast in the form of “conjunction “a” + antonym”, it is necessary to write “not” separately:

This stone road is not wide, and narrow;

I don't consider him a friend and the enemy.

Also, “not” is written separately from the adjective in the following cases:

• designation of any color or taste: he did not draw scarlet sails;
• comparative degree: but I am no lower than my brother.

Spelling particles for verbs and gerunds

Since participles are a special form of the verb, both parts of speech have a common basis in the form of a single rule. Almost always, the listed elements of the Russian language are separated from “not”:

Without thinking about his future, he rarely attached importance to education;

The snow-white horse did not dare to jump over the fence.

Spelling particles for participles

When faced with these parts of speech, people often think about when to write “not” and when to write “neither”, which entails a number of small problems. In fact, the situation is not complicated at all, you just need to pay close attention to some aspects.

Spelling particles for pronouns

If there is a preposition between 2 elements of a pronoun, then this combination will be expressed as three separate words. For example:

My father has no one to borrow a small amount of money from;

In the first lesson we had nothing to talk about.

The greatest number of questions arise when using “not” and “neither” as prefixes. In fact, everything is very simple:

There is also another rule that allows you to clarify when you write “not” and when “neither” when encountering certain constructions. Here it is:

Spelling particles for adverbs

Any negative adverb will be written together with the elements “not” or “nor”. For example:

I don’t regret the action I took at all;

My friend doesn’t need to bring a cheat sheet with him: he already knows all the answers.

But the particle is separated from the main word in some cases. If:

1. an adverb should be written with a hyphen: you are not behaving like a Christian;
2. next to it is an intensifying adverb: we do not Very we want to go to school;
3. adverb does not end with the letters -e or -o: I don’t always draw colorful pictures.

A significant part of the considered uninflected parts of speech ending in -o or -e are subject to rules that have their own special characteristic. Here they are:

Spelling particles with conjunctions and prepositions

In Russian, in addition to independent parts There are also service speeches, which are a kind of “sticky” segments, thanks to which sentences acquire an integral and logically complete appearance. These small elements can also be located next to the “not” and “nor” particles. The rules governing such situations are quite clear with a brief explanation of the essence:

• “not” is always separated from coordinating conjunctions, but lends itself to merging in the area of ​​the compound conjunction that” (= although);
• “not” is written separately with all non-derivative prepositions, but together - with “despite” or “despite” (= in spite of);
• “not” is part of only one particle “really”; in other cases the negative particle is written separately.