Do-it-yourself solar battery from improvised means and materials at home - how to assemble and make a solar battery from diodes, transistors and foil? Selection of components for manufacturing. Selection of photosensitive plates.

The use of alternative energy sources today is gaining more and more popularity in society. Solar energy production is completely free and available to everyone. And if ecology and economy are accompanying indicators for your life, then we offer you an article on how to make a solar battery with your own hands.

• Principle of operation
• Calculations and preparation

Principle of operation

It is worth agreeing that receiving completely free electricity is not just a dream, but a reality. Getting closer to your dream of electrifying a private home through the use of an alternative source of energy is very simple. You only need to take a few actions, the costs of which will not exceed the family’s weekly profit.

But before the installation is done, it’s worth finding out how a solar battery created with your own hands from scrap materials works. What are the main structural elements, how do they interact with each other and what are they intended for. In fact, the device consists of only three necessary elements:

A constructor consisting of relatively small elements. The task of a solar battery is to convert the light effect into a flow of positively and negatively charged electrons. Typical elements are not able to generate high voltage electric current.

The normal generation rate for one element is 0.5V. The task of the solar collector is to produce electricity voltage 18V. This indicator is quite enough to charge a 12V battery. So there is no need to talk about generating a voltage indicator of 220V. A power plant with a typical energy output will occupy a huge amount of space.

1. Batteries.

These elements in the design are used to provide a private home or cottage with the necessary amount of electricity. One battery charge will not last long. But it all depends on the power and number of connected sources of electrical energy consumption.

As necessary, the number of batteries can be increased over time. At the same time, it is necessary to supplement the system solar collectors. More than 10 batteries can be used in one operating system.

Inverters at home convert extracted low voltage current into electrical energy high voltage indicator. A typical device can be found on the open market. At the same time, it is worth paying attention to the characteristics of the purchased inverter: the output power of the device should not be less than 4 kW. This power is enough to power a cottage or country house.

Calculations and preparation

Before moving on to the technology of making a solar battery with your own hands, it is worth deciding on the necessary parameters. It is recommended to determine the amount of load calculated on the sources of future energy consumption. Often two parameters are known:

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• what voltage indicator is needed for a particular electricity consumer;
• what amount of current needs to be provided in this case.

The product of two known parameters shows the consumed volume of power load.

A homemade solar battery is made from special elements that are charged by light exposure. Typical elements are installed in many calculators. It is permissible to purchase new solar components separately, but the cost will be equal to the finished battery assembly. You can find workable used composite photocells at many auctions, because they are “hands-on”.

Solar cells are connected to each other by conductors as follows:

• cells are laid out on a flat surface;
• the conductor is carefully placed on the cells;
• solder and soldering acid are applied to the place of future splicing of the conductor and the element;
• then the conductor is carefully soldered without pressure.

The housing for soldered photocells with conductors for private use can be made of glass (plexiglass) in a frame made of plywood, wooden blocks and fiberboard:

1. The bottom is cut out from pre-lined plywood and framed around the perimeter with prepared bars with a cross-section of up to 25mm. For natural ventilation to avoid overheating of the elements during work, holes d-10mm are drilled into the bars (steps up to 20cm).
2. Made from fiberboard, the substrate for photocells is also equipped with drilled holes for ventilation.
3. The housing cover is cut out of plexiglass and fixed to the surface with self-tapping screws.

Panel at no cost at home

It is possible to make a solar panel at home without purchasing photocells. A homemade solar battery made of diodes or transistors, of course, will not provide all the energy needs of the house. However, a transistor battery can easily ensure uninterrupted operation of small home electronics.

You can assemble the device from old “P” or “KT” type transistors at home. First, the top part of the transistors is carefully sawed off so that light can freely enter the p-n junction. The upper part of the “P” type transistor is purged after the powder has been poured out. To use photocells, it is necessary to reconnect the cells into blocks (parallel connection). The fastening of transistor cells is reproduced by hanging fastening on a textolite substrate.

Diodes (type D223B) should not be disassembled. The paint is removed from the glass surface of the case (with acetone). The diodes are soldered into the substrate in a vertical arrangement, which gives a greater effect to the illumination area of ​​the element.

Solar panel made from simple aluminum cans

The incredibly practical design of solar heaters is created from beer cans. You just have to collect the required number of empty cans. The material of beer cans should be aluminum.

It's best not to use tin beer cans. The material is highly susceptible to corrosion and has a low heat transfer rate.

Assembling the cans into a single system looks like this:

1. Preparing jars. Each can is rinsed and the bottom of the beer cans is punched to allow air flow to collect heat.
2. The surface of the cans is degreased.
3. The prepared cans are glued on top of each other, like a construction set.

The frame for the heat exchanger must be made of a base, a wooden frame and plexiglass for the front finish. It is better to make the base backing from foil. After all, as you know, installing a foil backing increases the reflective qualities of the base.

Accumulating natural sunlight is a beneficial action in terms of ecology. In addition, the production of sunlight is completely free and available in any open area of ​​the dacha. And besides, such a nice saving Money You will be pleasantly surprised.

Currently, alternative energy sources are very fashionable and popular, especially among owners of country cottages or private houses. But often such a device costs a lot of money and not everyone can afford to purchase solar panels for their home. Therefore, making solar panels with your own hands has become very relevant. So how can you make solar panels yourself?

Characteristics of solar panel

A solar cell is a semiconductor structure that is capable of converting solar radiation into electricity. This allows you to provide your home with economical, reliable and, most importantly, uninterrupted power supply. Especially this is relevant for hard-to-reach areas, as well as where there are frequent power outages from the main source.

This alternative energy source is quite practical because, unlike a traditional source of energy supply, it costs much less. Making solar panels with your own hands allows you not only to optimize energy consumption, but also saves money.

Advantages

Solar batteries have the following advantages:

• simple installation due to the fact that there is no need to lay a cable to the supports;
• generating electricity is absolutely harmless environment;
• there are no moving parts;
• electricity is supplied independently of the distribution network;
• minimal time spent on system maintenance;
• light weight of batteries;
• silent operation;
• long service life at minimal costs.

Flaws

Despite quite significant advantages, solar panels also have their disadvantages, such as:

• the complexity of the manufacturing process;
• sensitivity to pollution;
• the effective operation of solar panels is influenced by weather conditions (sunny or cloudy days);
• such a design requires a lot of space;
• The batteries don't work at night.

Requirements for a solar battery

Install solar panels Anyone can do it in a private home. But in order for such a DIY design to bring maximum benefits, its features should be taken into account. The following requirements apply to the solar battery:

Materials needed to make a solar battery with your own hands

If it is not possible to purchase solar panels, you can make them yourself. At the beginning need to decide on the material, from which they will be made.

To create panels, high-quality photocells will be needed. Manufacturers today offer the following types of devices:

• elements made of monocrystalline silicon have an efficiency of up to 13%, but are not efficient enough in cloudy weather;
• Photocells made of polycrystalline silicon have an efficiency of up to 9% and can work on both sunny and cloudy days.

To power your home, it is best to use polycrystals, which are available in kits.

It is important to know that everything needed for assembly Cells are best purchased from one manufacturer, since products of different brands have significant differences in the effectiveness of the products. This may create additional difficulties during assembly, entail costs as a result of operation, and the solar battery will have low power.

To make a solar panel from improvised materials, you will need special conductors designed to connect photocells.

The body of the future design is best made from aluminum corners that are light in weight. You can also use a material such as wood. But due to the fact that the structure will always be exposed to atmospheric influences, its service life will decrease.

The dimensions of the panel body depend on the number of photocells.

The outer covering of photocells can be made of plexiglass or transparent polycarbonate. Tempered glass is also used, which does not transmit infrared rays.

Thus, to make a solar battery with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

• photocells in the set;
• fastening hardware;
• high power copper electrical wires;
• silicone vacuum stands;
• soldering equipment;
• aluminum corners;
• Schottke diodes;
• transparent sheet of polycarbonate or plexiglass;
• set of screws for fastening.

Such materials can be purchased at a building materials store or online store.

How to make solar panels with your own hands?

In order to make panels with your own hands, you need to collect the required materials. A solar battery for a home is assembled in the following sequence.

To properly make solar panels with your own hands, you need to adhere to the following recommendations:

Every person dreams of getting free electricity in their home, and this dream is possible. By making solar panels with your own hands, you can enjoy an additional source of electricity. Wherein This design does not cause any harm to the environment Moreover, it is very reliable and inexpensive.