Birthday November 27, 1935

famous Soviet gymnast, coach and sports functionary, Olympic champion, 4-time world champion, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR

Biography

Yuri Titov studied at the Polytechnic Institute for two years and quit. In 1959 he graduated from the Kiev State Institute of Physical Education, then was in graduate school and studied at the Higher Party School.

As a member of the USSR national artistic gymnastics team, Yuri Titov took part in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, 1960 in Rome and 1964 in Tokyo. In 1956, Yuri Titov became the Olympic champion in the team championship. In 1960 and 1964 he became the silver medalist of the Olympic Games in the team championship. Yuri Titov - Olympic silver medalist in floor exercise (1960), high bar exercise (1956, 1964), bronze medalist in all-around (1956, 1964) and vault (1956).

Yuri Titov is the absolute world champion in 1962, the world champion in vault in 1958 and the world champion in ring exercises in 1962.

Yuri Titov is the absolute European champion in 1959, European champion in the pommel horse exercises in 1959, on the rings in 1959 and 1961, in the vault in 1957 and 1959, on the uneven bars in 1959, on the horizontal bar in 1961.

Yuri Titov is the absolute champion of the USSR in 1958 and 1961, the USSR champion in floor exercise in 1959, on rings and horizontal bar in 1961, in vault in 1958 and 1960.

In 1966, Yuri Titov completed his sports career. Total for Olympic Games, at the World and European Championships he won 33 medals, 11 of them gold.

After finishing his sports career, Yuri Titov worked as the head of the gymnastics department of the USSR State Sports Committee.

Yuri Titov - international category judge (1968).

From 1976 to 1996, Yuri Titov was president of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). After the resignation of the current president, Yuri Titov was elected honorary President of the International Gymnastics Federation. As President of the International Gymnastics Federation, Yuri Titov contributed to the fact that rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining became Olympic sports (trampoline jumping was included in the Olympic programs in 2000).

In December 2004, Yuri Titov was elected President of the Russian Artistic Gymnastics Federation. He worked in this position until January 2006. Since January 2006, Yuri Titov has been vice-president and state coach of the Russian Gymnastics Federation.

Yuri Titov - member of the IOC (1995-1997).

Yuri Titov was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1960, 1980), Friendship of Peoples (1976), “Badge of Honor” (1957), the Silver Olympic Order of the IOC (1991), the honorary badge “For Merit in Development physical culture and sports" (2000).

Titov Yuri Evlampievich (born in 1935) is a Russian athlete, Honored Master of Sports in gymnastics. In 1959 he became the absolute champion of Europe, in 1962 - world champion. As part of the team, he became an Olympic champion in 1956 and a world champion in 1958. World champion in 1958 in vault, 1962 in ring exercises. European champion 1957 in vault, 1959 in vault, in exercises on rings, pommel horse, uneven bars.

Born on November 27, 1935 in Kyiv, Ukraine. At first he played for the Kiev sports society "Burevestnik". Since the mid-1950s, he became a member of the USSR national team.

In 1956, Titov became an Olympic champion for the first time, performing as part of a team. At these Games, the athlete becomes a silver medalist in the horizontal bar exercises and a bronze medalist in the vault. Competing at the 1957 European Championships, Yuri won a gold medal in the vault, a silver in the rings and all-around exercises, and also received bronze for the horizontal bar exercise.

In 1958, the gymnast became the world champion in vault and as part of the team. He received a silver medal for exercises on the rings, and a bronze medal in the individual all-around, floor exercise and high bar. In the same year, the athlete received the title of USSR champion in vault and all-around.

At the 1959 European Championships, Yuri Titov received gold medals in vault, pommel horse, rings and parallel bars, won a silver medal in high bar exercises and a bronze medal in floor exercises. Thanks to these victories, the athlete became the absolute champion of the European Championship for the first time. That same year he was the best among Soviet gymnasts in floor exercises.

At the XVII Olympic Games, held in 1960 in Rome, Titov became a silver medalist in the team all-around and floor exercise and a bronze medalist in the individual all-around. In the same year, at the USSR Championships, he again received the title of champion, winning first place in the vault.

In 1961, at the European Championships, the athlete again became the best among gymnasts in exercises on the horizontal bar and on the rings. And at the USSR Championships he received first places in the all-around and in exercises on the horizontal bar and rings.

In 1962, Russian athlete Yuri Titov reaffirmed his title, becoming the absolute world champion in artistic gymnastics.

Having received silver medals at the 1964 Olympic Games in the team all-around and in the horizontal bar exercises, and also becoming a silver medalist at the 1966 World Championships in the team all-around, the eminent athlete left the big sport.

In the 1950-1960s. Yuri Titov was one of the strongest not only in Russian, but also in world artistic gymnastics. For a long time he headed the gymnastics department of the USSR Sports Committee, devoting his energy to the development of domestic sports. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and the Badge of Honor, and also wrote the book “Sum of Points.”

Brief biographical dictionary

"Titov Yuri" and other articles from the section

Soviet gymnast, Olympic champion, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1956), Honored Coach of the USSR.

Yuri Titov studied at the Polytechnic Institute for two years and quit. In 1959 he graduated from the Kiev State Institute of Physical Education, then was in graduate school and studied at the Higher Party

As a member of the USSR national artistic gymnastics team, Yuri Titov took part in the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, 1960 in Rome and 1964 in Tokyo. In 1956, Yuri Titov became the Olympic champion in the team championship. In 1960 and 1964 he became an Olympic silver medalist

ski games in the team championship. Yuri Titov is an Olympic silver medalist in floor exercise (1960), high bar (1956, 1964), bronze medalist in all-around (1956, 1964) and vault (1956).

Yuri Titov - absolute world champion in 1962, world champion in vault

ke 1958 and world champion in ring exercises 1962.

Yuri Titov is the absolute European champion in 1959, European champion in the pommel horse exercises in 1959, on the rings in 1959 and 1961, in the vault in 1957 and 1959, on the uneven bars in 1959, on the horizontal bar in 1961.

Yuri Titov - abso

lute champion of the USSR in 1958 and 1961, champion of the USSR in floor exercises in 1959, on rings and horizontal bar in 1961, in vault in 1958 and 1960.

In 1966, Yuri Titov completed his sports career. In total, he won 33 medals at the Olympic Games, World and European Championships, of which

there are 11 gold ones.

After finishing his sports career, Yuri Titov worked as the head of the gymnastics department of the USSR State Sports Committee.

Yuri Titov - international category judge (1968).

From 1976 to 1996, Yuri Titov was president of the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG). After resigning

th current president, Yuri Titov was elected honorary President of the International Gymnastics Federation. As President of the International Gymnastics Federation, Yuri Titov contributed to the fact that rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining became Olympic sports (trampoline jumping was included

entered into the Olympiad programs in 2000).

In December 2004, Yuri Titov was elected President of the Russian Artistic Gymnastics Federation. He worked in this position until January 2006. Since January 2006, Yuri Titov has been vice-president and state coach of the Russian Gymnastics Federation.

Yuri Titov - member of M

Titov Yuri Evlampievich

Honored Master of Sports of the USSR
Honored Coach of the USSR
Olympic champion
Absolute champion of the world, Europe and the USSR
Repeated champion of the world, Europe and the USSR in certain types of all-around
President of the International Gymnastics Federation (1976-1996)
Honorary President of the International Gymnastics Federation
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor
International judge

A boy from distant Siberian Omsk, who by chance ended up in gymnastics, had no idea what a brilliant career awaited him in sports. Over ten years of performances, Yuri Titov became a legend of world artistic gymnastics. Defending the honor of his homeland at three Olympics, World and European Championships, the famous athlete collected a collection of 33 medals, 12 of which were gold. He has another unique sporting achievement - his talent as a sports organizer was in demand at the highest world level. For 20 years he headed the International Gymnastics Federation.

Yuri Evlampievich Titov was born on November 27, 1935 in Omsk. Wife - Valeria Ivanovna Kuzmenko-Titova (1934-2010), Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, six-time USSR tennis champion, participant in Wimbledon tournaments, specialist in English language and regional studies. Daughter - Anna, English teacher and German languages, guide-translator. Son - Svyatoslav, medical biophysicist. Grandchildren: Daria and Danila.

Born in Siberia, at the age of nine Yura moved with his parents to the capital of Ukraine. Yuri's father and grandfather were shoemakers, and they could not inherit the boy's gymnastic skills. When Y.E. Titov is asked what exactly predetermined his sports future in childhood; looking back, he believes that it was a combination of factors.

“I was incredibly lucky that my father, being shell-shocked in the war, remained alive, while most of my Kyiv peers had fathers who died,” says Yuri Evlampievich. “It played an important role in my discipline, both academically and outdoors.”

The stadium named after N.S. had a great influence on the sports development of Yura. Khrushchev (now the Central Stadium), located next to the school and the Kyiv Institute of Physical Education. Being an active boy, Yura was interested in different types sports In summer - cycling and football, in winter - skiing and skating. Playing sports was not forced for Yuri - it was just a hobby. The children of circus performers lived in the apartments next to his, and when one day a little boy appeared in the class, deftly doing push-ups in the rack, Yura was simply amazed. I would like to learn this myself someday.

In those years, sports kids were very actively recruited straight from the streets to participate in competitions. Yura competed in literally all sports at school and district championships. Once they announced recruitment for the pool, and during the formation at the first training session, the coach asked those who could swim to take a step forward. After standing in confusion for a second, Yura came to the fore. However, he was the last to swim the distance in the pool, which made him feel ashamed, and he decided not to show up for the second lesson. This misfire also played a role in the choice of his future profession.

Titov did not get into gymnastics by accident. Back in 1949, from the stands of the Kyiv Sports Palace, he watched the performances of gymnasts at the Ukrainian Championships. Yuri Evlampievich recalls: “There I first saw miracles on shells. Do you know how frightening this word sounded for many in those post-war years? The winner then was Viktor Chukarin, who later became a two-time absolute champion of the Olympic Games in 1952 and 1956, a legend of gymnastics, and the face of the era of that time. His performance simply amazed me." At that time, Yura could not even imagine that very soon he would not only meet an outstanding athlete, but also take skill lessons from him.

When students at the Kyiv Institute of Physical Education began teaching practice, they settled in large groups in nearby schools, and this circumstance also played a role in the fate of Yuri Titov. “What guided the literature teacher when she moved me from such a comfortable gallery to the front desk, I still don’t know,” Yuri Evlampievich reflects in his book “Sum of Points.” - I studied well, and in class I was no more noisy than others. But if this event had not happened, I would probably have missed my main turning point. It was Stasik Borovik, to whom I was assigned, who determined my gymnastics destiny. He carefully did morning exercises and in those days was going to enroll in a school gymnastics club. “Let’s go together, you can learn everything there,” Stas persuaded me. And off we went. This is how my gymnastic inclinations and real opportunities to demonstrate them met for the first time...”

By modern standards, Yura came to gymnastics late - at the age of 13. A thin boy of short stature, he did not attract attention outwardly special attention. But at some point his interest was attracted by a poster hanging on the wall of the school hall. It showed an athlete with defined muscles, and the inscription read: “If you want to be like that, train.” Perhaps this call had an effect on the future athlete; he wanted to become a role model himself.

Gymnastics completely absorbed Yuri. “She sparked my interest, my eyes lit up!.. What’s good about gymnastics? - Yuri Evlampievich argues. - Here you feel your potential, in this sport everything depends only on you. The ladder of climbing from simple to complex is very captivating: set a task - mastered an element - solved the problem. We boys were the trendsetters of physical activity, a kind of “motors”. There was a unique atmosphere of kindness at school, created by our physical education teachers, named, apparently, in honor of the holy apostles - brothers Peter and Pavel Ivanovich Semenovsky. These people who went through the war loved children very much - they literally carried us in their arms. True enthusiasts of their craft, without expecting any payment, they themselves built the grounds for our sports activities. And when they left school, they left us the keys to the school gym, since they completely trusted us, their assistants. The school provided a serious level of training, for example, among us was an Olympic swimmer, Yuri Vlasov.”

Among those who influenced him, Yuri Evlampievich names an English teacher, a former military pilot, who encouraged Yura to keep himself in shape all the time and not to forget about exercise.

Before the boys had time to comprehend the basics of the new discipline, the city gymnastics championship appeared on the horizon, in which school teams competed. The school where Yuri studied lay claim to the championship, and therefore physical education teacher Pyotr Semenovsky agreed with the gymnast Evgeniy Yarokhin to transfer Yuri and several of the best gymnasts to the children's sports school at the Kiev Infizkult, where he himself worked in parallel with his studies.

There were no other people willing to work with ordinary guys who did not have sports ranks.

So, Yarokhin took the team led by Yuri in tow. “And Evgeniy Markiyanovich had no idea at that time that he was taking a guy from this team under his wing not for a week, not for a month, but for eighteen years...” recalled Yu.E. Titov.

Evgeniy Yarokhin actively worked with the guys, conducting training in the fresh air. In the summer, when the school was empty and the children managed their own time, they came to the gymnastics ground of the central Kyiv Dynamo stadium and did physical training.

“Dynamo Stadium gave me a lot,” says Yuri Evlampievich. -The summer grounds, which were built not only at Dynamo, but also in many other places, were erected on the site of what was destroyed by the war. There were no full-fledged gyms yet, and these sites played an important propaganda role. Using the proximity to the stadium, Evgeniy Yarokhin put me on the path to professional physical training. Yuri's older brother, Evgeniy, had already become a professional actor by that time. And Yuri entered the Kiev Polytechnic Institute. It was very difficult for a future turbine operator to study at a heating plant - there was a catastrophic lack of time for classes. The young gymnast's head was full not of drawings and organic chemistry, but of combinations of sports elements and thoughts about the dynamics of movements. Yuri was a member of the institute's sports team. According to existing procedures, each athlete, upon entering the institute, became a member of the student sports society “Burevestnik”. However, with the consent of the institute coach, Yuri received the opportunity to continue training with his former mentor. Evgeniy Markiyanovich Yarokhin found time and studied with Titov individually.

Yuri mastered the levels of gymnastics skill quickly, annually moving from rank to rank - third, second, first... Once from a colleague in the gymnastics workshop, he heard the phrase that getting a rank is good, but not everyone can become a master.

While studying in his second year at the Polytechnic, Titov had his first trip abroad as part of the republican national team. The academic semester was coming to an end, and the temptation to go to an international tournament was very great. However, the response to a request to the institute for the release of Titov for the trip of Ukrainian SSR gymnasts to
Bulgaria was negative. But he still went to Bulgaria and performed successfully. Sports tournaments rained down on the young gymnast one after another.
They didn’t want to give a deferment from exams at the Polytechnic, and in his second year Titov had to change his field of study. In a situation where his relatives were indignant at the thought that Yuri would never become an engineer, only his father supported him, saying: “You have to live. Do what you feel." And at the beginning of 1955, Yuri moved to the Kiev Institute of Physical Education.

"Over the years, on different stages To improve skills, a gymnast must have his own aspirations and goals, different from the previous ones, says Yuri Evlampievich. “I myself once experienced joy when I managed a simple somersault, and then two somersaults on the floor. I experienced the joy of the first forward flip and complete admiration from my own performance of the “flip mortale”, but, believe me, at that time I did not set myself a realistic goal to master,well, for example, years with a rotation of 360 degrees. I was glad that I had achieved what I wanted, managed to cope with what I was striving for, and arrived at the specific goal that my coach and I had set for ourselves for these days and weeks or, say, months.

I achieved my goal, and it was an easily explainable, inspiring joy of a perfect dream. But whether such a bright feeling will come to the student depends largely on the efforts of the coach... Gymnastics in external expression is just a variety of movements of the athlete or parts of his body around the apparatus or without the apparatus. But such juggling with one’s body or the free flight of a gymnast is most often, from the point of view of elementary mechanics, a rotational movement. However, rotation of a rigid body is possible, as is known, only when at least a couple of forces are applied to it. So it turns out that results in gymnastics are possible only when both components of our pair of forces are used equally and with equal success - the mutual efforts of the coach and the athlete.”
Yuri Evlampievich is convinced that a personal trainer should accompany a talented gymnast throughout his sports career, involving consultants of various profiles in the work, but not allowing them to directly influence the athlete - only together with the coach. Only he alone, knowing him from childhood, thoroughly understands his psychological, physical capabilities and characteristics, and only he is able to determine the benefit or harm, dose and course of application of new trends in the methodology of his particular ward. The athlete himself is not always aware of his potential, and as his skill develops and consolidates, the coach must be there to help reveal his hidden reserves, which vary very individually at the level of the highest achievements in the current historical period of the development of the sport.

After many years of consolidating the material learned, attempts to introduce something new may not be successful - there may not be enough time, strength, or abilities to build on the wreckage of the “old.” This is the role of the coach - to pick up the keys to these undisclosed “storehouses” of additional capabilities of his student.

In 1955, Yuri Titov was among the strongest gymnasts at the USSR championship.

The following year, he passed the Master of Sports standard, and was entrusted with performing at the 1956 Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR. Together with gymnast Pavel Stolbov, he shared fifth and sixth places in the all-around, and was included in the USSR national team. Thus, the young gymnast Titov, not yet having received his master’s certificate, went to defend the honor of the country at the XVI Olympic Games in Melbourne.

“I was incredibly lucky then,” recalled Yuri Evlampievich. - Need I say that for me, a 20-year-old gymnast, the son of a shoemaker from Omsk, it was an impossible dream to represent the mighty Soviet Union, which defeated fascism, at the main sports tournament on the planet?! But there was no fear. At the previous, first for our country, Olympics, our athletes were in no way inferior to their rivals, and in many sports, including gymnastics, they surpassed them. There were no pompous parting words. What is the use of words if in our souls each of us burned with the desire not to disgrace the honor of a great power?!”

In Australia, Yuri Titov represented the Soviet Union along with his idol and colleague Viktor Chukarin, as well as Boris Shakhlin (later called Zhelezny) and Albert Azaryan, who was called the Lord of the Rings.

“I learned the most important lessons in psychological attunement from Viktor Chukarin,” said Yuri Evlapievich. - We prepared together for the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne. At that time I was the youngest in the USSR national team, and Chukarin was the oldest. And maybe that’s why Viktor Ivanovich took custody of me. That’s when I realized that preparation for big games, which are most often the most important start in the life of an athlete, to which he has been going for many years, is significantly different from ordinary
training days. It differs, first of all, in that the entire daily regimen of the master is a single chain of attunement to a difficult struggle. It would seem that morning warm-up is a secondary thing. Until that time I had not given her any of great importance– when I did it, when I didn’t: it all depended on my mood. And now, warming up every morning with Chukarin, looking at him, seeing with what enthusiasm he was engaged in this, as it sometimes seemed to me, not a very obligatory task, I believed him that simple morning exercises are fraught with enormous tonic power . I believed it and soon felt it for myself. Since then, the morning warm-up turned into a preparatory workout, into a second workout system, where we already did certain elements. Together with Viktor Ivanovich, I went to the gym both morning and evening, and also learned from him about diet. A reasonable diet was part of Chukarin’s general preparation. In the end, we created a system of two-time training, although, in fact, it was Chukarin who was the first to create it, who theoretically substantiated it. But at that time it was not officially introduced into the methodology - no one seriously thought about it. Following in the footsteps of Chukarin, and making the first morning training technically tuning, as a result, maybe that’s why I became the absolute world champion. And I am very grateful to Chukarin for everything, he was a truly great man...”
Many coaches and gymnasts warned Yuri during the preparation for the Olympics, that he early increased the load to the maximum and crossed a dangerous line leading to overtraining. Titov was told that he would break, but he persevered, and considers his performance in Melbourne one of the most successful in his life. At his debut Olympics, the national team newcomer performed very successfully, winning four medals at once: gold in the team, silver on the horizontal bar, bronze in the vault and in the overall championship.

The fight for absolute championship - one of the most prestigious types of the program - was serious. For a newcomer to interfere in the fight for awards just like that, right off the bat, was unheard of audacity. In addition, it is worth considering the fact that the start of the Games turned out to be unsuccessful for Yuri. A couple of hours before the opening ceremony, athletes were lined up for the parade at the old stadium. That day in Melbourne there was terrible heat, such that some athletes began to faint from lack of oxygen, including USSR national track and field athlete Galina Zybina. In order to prevent sunstroke, the organizers decided to gather the athletes under the canopy of the stadium. While walking through the stands, Titov accidentally caught on a sliver from a broken bench, which stuck under the gymnast’s knee, penetrating four (!) centimeters into the skin. Not without surgical intervention, which affected the physical and psychological condition of the athlete. To prevent the seam from coming apart, Yuri was secured with four metal staples, and his knee was fixed so that he could not bend or straighten his leg. Unable to train in running, acrobatics and jumping, Titov was forced to work only with his upper body.

“I tried so hard to maintain the right weight that I barely ate anything - I only drank mineral water and sugar. As a result, a week of reduced loads, which many are afraid to resort to, did its job. I managed to “gain freshness” and go out on the platform in good shape,” says Yuri Evlampievich.

So, after the first day of the competition, Titov was already among the leaders in the all-around total. However, as it turned out, the young gymnast was not ready for this. The head coach of the national team, Alexander Semenovich Mishakov, noticing Titov’s dashing mood, immediately besieged the gymnast. He advised him, despite the high scores, not to count the medals in advance and not to overdo it. Perhaps it was these words of the experienced master that brought Yuri back to earth and helped him retain third place, leaving behind only the great Viktor Chukarin, who at that time had already become a two-time Olympic champion in the all-around, and the no less famous leader of the Japanese team, Takashi Ono.

“I was incredibly pleased that I became the third gymnast in the world,” says Yuri Evlampievich. “It was, believe me, even awkward to beat the famous Albert Azaryan, Valentin Muratov, Boris Shakhlin, but I did only what I was supposed to do - I performed combinations.”

Having never once worn the Master of Sports badge, Yuri Titov was immediately awarded the title of Honored Master of Sports of the USSR. The triumphant debutant of the Olympic Games openly emphasized in an interview that he performed on the platform for two: himself and the coach, noting the merits of Evgeniy Yarokhin, who ended his career early and never became a master of sports. A special feature of Yarokhin as a mentor was that he never forced his student to work, guided by his inner need, sincere desire to succeed. He did not consider his point of view the only correct one, listening to the opinions of other specialists and, strange as it may seem, students. Yuri taught the same thing. This is probably why intra-team rivalry in the Union team was painless for Titov, any remark from the outside was taken by him without offense.

About his mentor E.M. Yuri Titov tells Yarokhin with sincere love and respect: “He always prepared for training, and it was not an isolated set of exercises - it was clear that he followed the system. For a long time he did not let me master
compulsory program, but taught me the main elements, increasing my skills. He purposefully prepared me for the Games in Melbourne - that was his goal. He was distinguished by high responsibility and a professional, sometimes fanatical attitude to work. We were constantly looking for our own solutions to the riddles that gymnastics posed to us.
How many elements and combinations we tried with him - not for competitions, not for competition, but just like that, studying in the school sense of the word. And such activities brought joy, the pleasure of searching and finding, and this is precisely one of the main tasks of sport. We often got to the point of learning those orother elements to the limit beyond which there was a breakdown. And this benefited me: I clearly understood where the doable sector lay. The coach of the USSR national team, Alexander Mishakov, scolded us and demanded that we stop the experiments. But Alexander was hardly right thenSemenovich - without these experiments I would not have been able to rise to the heights of gymnastics...”

After the Olympics, many world newspapers drew attention to the “new gymnastic talent from a town lost in Siberia.” Omsk relatives and fans found out what train Titov was arriving on, and upon arrival they presented him with two baskets of sweets and champagne. A passion for sweets is the only bad habit of Yuri Evlampievich in his life.

Life in sports is a treacherous thing. In 1957, at the European Championships in Paris, two Ukrainian gymnasts Yuri Titov and Boris Shakhlin, who became the leaders of the national team after Viktor Chukarin left, were unlucky. The influenza virus raging across Europe put athletes to bed with temperatures in the low forties at the height of the competition. In one of his books, Yuri Evlampievich wrote with regret: “I won only one gold medal then...”. In addition to “just” one gold, he won “silver” in the all-around, as well as “silver” and “bronze” in individual shells. Not every athlete is able to simply go on the platform with a fever, but Titov managed to win several medals in this condition. He has always been an example of an athlete who knows how to achieve his goal.

Yuri Titov, Boris Shakhlin, Albert Azaryan - any international forum most often resembled the internal championship of the Union, since the named three were always among the leaders of foreign tournaments.
Each of these gymnasts had their own “highlights”. Titov was more comfortable with hanging exercises (on the horizontal bar) and on his feet (floor exercises and vaults). Exercises “at close range” were Boris Shakhlin’s signature move (swings on the pommel horse, on the uneven bars).
Albert Azaryan shone on the rings - his famous “cross” was then considered the height of strength mastery.

The gymnasts respected each other, supported each other psychologically, shared everyday advice, and, at times, extended a helping hand in emergency situations.

During training and competitions, Yuri compared his own performance of exercises, technique of elements and training methods with the skill of his colleagues in the gymnastics workshop. According to Yuri Evlampievich, joint training with luminaries recharged him psychologically, motivating him to greater perseverance, perseverance in training, in order to catch up and try to surpass his rival friends in the complexity of the program and skill of execution. In this regard, Titov more often turned his attention to “newcomers” - innovators, inventors of new elements, combinations, original discoveries in the technique of already known elements. To do this, he even purchased a sixteen-millimeter American Keystone movie camera, which he also used not only for sports, but also for tourism purposes.

At the 1958 World Championships, Yuri Titov was in for a real triumph. In his program he included a unique vault with a push against the front of the horse - a standing flight. This element, which brought Titov “gold,” no one else decided to repeat. In 1958, Yu.E. Titov for the first time becomes the absolute champion of the all-Union championship, and also receives a gold medal in the vault.

After graduating from the Kiev State Institute of Physical Education, Yuri Titov entered graduate school. The original topic of his dissertation was “Variation of loads in the weekly training cycle of a gymnast.”

Yuri’s goal was to summarize not only his experience, but also the developments of scientists and practitioners on this topic. Studying their monographs and dissertations, finding a lot of interesting and original things, he found it useful to apply some of what he read in his training and at first did not notice the harmful effects of innovation. It turned out to be very painful and ineffective to introduce something new, unusual, into a training system that had already been fixed for years. In order not to lose shape and get back on track, he decided to change the topic. At this time, a new laboratory was organized at the Department of Anatomy of the same institute. Yuri is transferred to it, moving away from the gymnastics topic, and there, in a group of six graduate students, for eight months he studies pathological phenomena that arise under high loads. The goal of the group was to explore, through animals, possible ways of regulating stress to prevent pathological changes in the body.

Titov passed the candidate minimum, but he failed to complete his dissertation then - the current gymnast absolutely did not have enough time to process and systematize the data (Yuri Evlampievich would defend his dissertation two decades later, at the age of 49, but on a different topic).

The year 1959 turned out to be rich in sports trophies for Yuri Titov. At the USSR championship he won a gold medal in floor exercises, and at the European Championships in Denmark he won the title of absolute European champion - in exercises on pommel horse, rings, vault and uneven bars.

Among the elements that Yuri Titov performed, there were some that were especially difficult for him. Among them is “Shaginyan’s spinner”. For the first time, the athlete fully felt her cunning at the XVII Olympic Games in Rome, in 1960.

This is how he described this tournament: “There is silence in the hall, you can hear the creaking of the projectile and the intermittent exhalations of the athlete. Suddenly an explosion of applause, whistles and indignation - a reaction to the assessment. I go out to the horse. The final. The six strongest gymnasts on this apparatus are already figuring out among themselves who is more accurate, who is more artistic, who does not allow themselves to get “excited.” There is an appropriate Olympic calm on the faces of all six. I started the exercise. I'm working... Everything is fine. When the hall freezes, I am always subconsciously drawn to outline, to mark out every movement, and this slows down the pace. An unusual rhythm is dangerous. I increase the pace, reach out to quickly find support - I level it out. And here’s the “spinner”: the first turn, the overshoot, the second turn, there remains a bent dismount and then... an impulse of relief. Not only in my thoughts, but, apparently, unfortunately, with my whole body I felt - “at home”, which means in our language “done!” And at this time the shoulders deviated slightly from the support - the hand lost its firmness and support. A moment - and I stand on the floor, continuing to hold on to the horse with my hand. It's all over...” The Rome Olympics brought Yuri Evlampievich two medals cast from silver - in floor exercises and team competition. In the all-around, Boris Shakhlin and Takashi Ono competed for gold, and Titov won bronze.

On the way from Rome, a funny story happened when Yuri Evlampievich was driving from there Wedding Dress for his future wife, Valeria Ivanovna Kuzmenko. He recalls: “The dress was so bulky - a crinoline with large rings - that it was not accepted as luggage. So I flew with him in my arms all the way. The whole plane knew that I was going to get married. Upon arrival in Kyiv, I immediately went to the Khrushchev Stadium, where the national tennis championship was ending. Valeria Ivanovna won three disciplines there - singles, doubles and mixed. That’s when we got married, because before the Rome Olympics the coaches wouldn’t let me.”

In 1961, Yuri Evlampievich went to the European Championships, held in Luxembourg, where he won the exercises on the rings and on the horizontal bar. In the same year, he won the title of absolute champion of the USSR, and also replenished his golden piggy bank with medals from the Union Championship in exercises on rings and horizontal bar.

There was a difficult period when Yuri Titov’s system of twice-a-day training drew criticism from the coaches of the USSR national team. But he managed to prove he was right. Yuri Evlampievich says: “Here is an example from my life: I started studying at a polytechnic institute, I came home from school after four o’clock, and it was difficult for me to train. And I was already on the national team. Then my trainer suggested two workouts a day. In the morning at 6:30 we started the first training session, setup, and in the evening it was already good job. What do you think? Before the 1962 World Championships, two weeks before the start of the competition, the coaching council tried to exclude me from the national team because I was the only one who trained twice a day: you, they say, are stretching the load from which you need to be so tired that you can barely crawl out of the gym. I ended up winning that world championship. And in response to the journalists’ question how I managed to do this, I emphasized: I just trained “wrong.” And what do you think? After that, everyone in the national team was transferred to two training sessions per training day.”

At the World Championships in Prague in 1962, Yu.E. Titov was ahead of Boris Shakhlin and the new leader of the Japanese team, Yukio Endo, winning the overall championship and also earning gold in the rings exercises. Despite Titov's personal success, the tournament was marred by mistakes made by the referees, revealing refereeing problems. Yuri Titov will encounter them more than once, and in the near future he himself will have to solve them as president of the International Gymnastics Federation.

After winning the World Championship, Yuri Titov, by his own admission, fell into a state of euphoria from success. He really wanted to become the strongest in every all-around event, and he began to work with equal diligence on all apparatus. “Becoming the first, I
I thought it would be a shame not to have best exercises in all forms, I wanted to somehow justify my leadership,” he says. - The attention of fellow athletes and fans that comes after success spurs the athlete, makes him not only deeply believe in own strength and opportunities, but sometimes you simply overestimate them. You are a champion, a winner, everything seems to be within your reach, and this is probably why unattainable goals appear. But winning, victory does not change, does not expand the technical background of an athlete, and if yesterday you were not a celebrity, but today you became a champion, this does not mean at all that you have become more able, know more. You can’t achieve much in a day in sports, in gymnastics in particular. And therefore, when calculating the rate of your growth after a victory, you definitely need to remember how you changed and progressed, how much you improved before your great success. Only by knowing your weaknesses, only by realistically assessing your own capabilities, can you be confident in progress.”

Before the gymnasts had time to take a break from the battles at the World Championships in Prague, the national teams gathered in Kyiv to prepare for the match meeting in October with Japan. The residents of Kiev were allowed to live at home, the rest were placed in a hotel on T.G. Boulevard. Shevchenko. During one of the training sessions held in the gymnasium of the Sports Palace, Yuri Titov received a serious spinal injury. While performing a vault over a horse, while pushing off with his hands, a sharp pain pierced him in the lower back and encircled his waist like a hoop. He couldn't even bend to land on his feet. The team doctor concluded that the pain was of muscular origin and prescribed treatment with rubs containing bee and snake venom. However, the pain did not go away for Yuri all day long - he could not find a position, either standing, sitting, or lying, in which he would feel better. Titov could not even move independently without support. Only a week and a half later he was sent for examination to an orthopedic clinic.

X-ray showed the destruction of two discs between the eleventh, twelfth and first lumbar, with the formation of “Schmorl” hernias and pinching of the nerves emerging from spinal cord between these vertebrae. The chief orthopedist of Ukraine, Hero of Socialist Labor, Professor Bogdanov, having read a speech to his colleagues about the dangers of sports, assigned Titov a second disability group, adding: “We will try to help you so that you can walk, but you will have to forget about sports forever...”. The professor's verdict struck Yuri like a lightning strike! Shock! Life is over!.. The next authority where Titov was taken for examination was the Moscow Orthopedic Research Institute of Ballet and Sports Trauma. The gymnast was received by the director of the institute, surgeon, master of sports in speed skating Zoya Sergeevna Mironova, with whom Yuri had known since the Olympics in Melbourne. Then Zoya Sergeevna cleaned up the careless work of the Australian surgeons, removing a small piece of wood chips from his leg.

Dr. Mironova proposed two stages of treatment: first, try to push the vertebrae apart under pressure from the vitreous body and thus free the pinched nerves, the source of pain. And, if it doesn’t help, then surgically expand the exit holes in the vertebrae, freeing the nerves from compression. But here Yuri’s father intervened: “I don’t believe that such radical methods of treatment are necessary!” - he said. - “We’ll leave the scalpel as a last resort.” Through his lips the fate of Yuri was decided, which had much greater plans in store for him than the second group of disability.

The athlete’s friends, graduates of the Moscow State University, got down to business medical institute- member of the USSR national gymnastics team Yuri Stoida, as well as masters of sports in gymnastics Anatoly Ovsyannikov, Stanislav Kurov, surgeon Vyacheslav Paukov and urologist Anatoly Darenkov. Their teacher, Professor Yumashev, began treating Yuri at the 89 Moscow clinic. Over the two months, November and December, that Titov lay in traction, the vertebrae eventually separated, freeing the nerves from being pinched. This was followed by a course of radon mud baths and a set of special exercises aimed at strengthening the muscular corset around the spine. All these efforts were crowned with tremendous success: already in May 1963, Yuri Titov again opened the door of the gym, firmly deciding to return to big-time sports.

There was just over a year left before the Olympic Games in Tokyo, and the gymnast had to make up for the missed months of training in a non-standard and forced, but at the same time, careful mode. So, by the beginning of the Olympic year, Yuri Titov managed to completely return to form and master the 1962 program.

On the eve of the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo, everyone expected Titov to perform at high level. This is probably why the senior coach of the national team, Valentin Muratov, fearing nagging from the judges based on the instructions for the “let” jump, suggested that Yuri supplement his jump with a backswing, thereby provoking him to significantly complicate the program (according to the existing requirements of the “let” rules in men’s jumping required a preliminary swing of the legs back in flight, so that in the first part, before touching the hands, the legs were higher than the head). So, before leaving for Japan, Yuri Titov trained “pirouette flying” with a 360-degree turn by pushing his hands on the front of the horse, making a preliminary swing with his legs back. He says: “The length of the horse is 180 cm, the height is 135 cm. I had to push off with my hands and feet almost simultaneously in order to go vertical. At the insistence of the national team coach, I had to move the horse 180 cm further in order to have time to swing my hands on its front part before the push. But at the same time, I also had to fly the next 180 cm! Therefore, I accelerated with terrible force. As a result, I injured my hand so badly that in Tokyo I performed with the help of painkilling injections, demonstrating the simplest “let.”

Returning many years later to the newsreel of the competition, Yuri Evlampievich realized that he was unable to perform such a complex element. His mentor on the USSR national team, obviously, did not sense the limits of his ward’s physical capabilities and did not stop attempts to solve an unsolvable problem in time.

“I think that if it had been my native coach, he would never have done this, he would have stopped me. But the state of euphoria in which I was – “I am the world champion in jumping, I can do anything” – played a cruel joke on me. Years later, I learned that before and after the championship you are the same person, with the same abilities. And you need to set yourself feasible goals to avoid injuries.”

The eternal rivals of Soviet gymnasts, the Japanese, of course, intended to win the lion's share of awards in their native walls of Tokyo. They had every reason to make such claims. Gymnastics did not stand still, and to perform the “ultra-si” elements, which abounded in the programs of athletes from the Land of the Rising Sun at that time, new physical qualities of athletes were required.

The injury of 29-year-old Yuri Titov did not allow the gymnast to perform at full strength in the all-around; he ended up in 14th place. However, on his signature apparatus - the horizontal bar - he managed to win silver at the Olympic Games. Second place went to Soviet gymnasts in the team championship. Yuri Titov ended his professional career at the 1966 world championships in Dortmund, Germany, where he passed the baton to the young Soviet gymnast Mikhail Voronin.

At the age of 31, Yuri Evlampievich completed his sports career and was appointed to the position of head of the Gymnastics Department of the USSR Sports Committee.

In his status as head of the Gymnastics Department of the USSR Sports Committee, Yuri Evlampievich’s range of responsibilities was infinitely wide: the development of mass sports, the training of top-class athletes, taking care of the Olympic reserve, trips to different cities, a lot of “paperwork”, conversations with coaches, supervision of the activities of specialized youth gymnastics schools, production of sports equipment, training camps for leading masters, preparation of a team going to demonstration performances and much, much more...

In 1968, Yu.E. Titov received the title of international judge. The experience of an athlete, coach, special education received in graduate school, as well as experience in international communication, organizational skills, integrity in everything and business qualities of Yuri Titov earned him unconditional respect, establishing authority in the widest circles of our sports community.

In 1976, a significant event took place for domestic gymnastics - for the first time, a representative of the USSR was elected to the post of president of the FIG - International Gymnastics Federation. Before this, for four years Yu.E. Titov was its vice-president, and, having become president, served five election periods of four years (until 1996).

The head of the FIG was to be a person familiar with the inner world of gymnastics to the smallest detail - an athlete and specialist who had gone through all the workshops of this sports discipline from personal experience. Soviet voters voted for Titov's candidacy Olympic champions, world and European champions, the entire USSR national team - from Viktor Chukarin and Maria Gorokhovskaya to Lyudmila Turishcheva and Nikolai Andrianov. Having replaced Arthur Gander as president, Yuri Evlampievich became the representative of hundreds of thousands of specialists around the world who wanted to change the situation in the federation itself and in gymnastics as such. He actively fought against corruption, arbitrariness of judges and defended the principles of fair sports competition. Yuri Evlampievich is proud that thanks to his efforts, the International Federation of Sports Acrobatics (IFSA) was created, the charter of which he independently developed. National federations of 12 countries, including the USSR, Poland, Bulgaria and other socialist countries, united and set themselves the goal of popularizing the performance of complex acrobatic elements and holding world-class competitions. Yuri Evlampievich is convinced that sports acrobatics is an extremely interesting sport that promotes the harmonious development of the body.
As a member of the IOC, the colossal efforts of Yuri Titov led to the fact that one of the most beautiful and spectacular sports, rhythmic gymnastics, was included in the program of the Olympic Games (since 1984), and then trampoline jumping (since 2000) . It took Yuri Evlampievich a lot of effort, years and arguments for the idea outlined on paper to become a reality, and for the International Olympic Committee to approve it.

Under Yu.E. Titov, the International Gymnastics Federation allowed the use of elements of increased complexity, previously prohibited, in gymnasts' programs. It’s hard to imagine, but otherwise the world would never have seen the famous “Olga Korbut loop”, a back flip with a 360-degree turn performed by Nelly Kim, a one-arm log stand by Natalia Shaposhnikova, called the “helicopter rotor”, a triple somersault on Nikolai Andrianov's crossbar or Dmitry Belozerchev's one-arm turnover on the crossbar.

With the participation of Yuri Titov, the documents regulating the activities of the FIG were improved, categories of referees were introduced, the judging teams were expanded, the principles of continental representation in the Federation Executive Committee were developed, and the international magazine “Gymnastics in the World” began to be published.

For the 100th anniversary of the Olympic Games, Yuri Evlampievich, following the example of the Aquatics Federation, united seven international aerobics federations in the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), creating a kind of conglomerate of gymnastic sports.

For two decades, from 1976 to 1996, Yu.E. Titov is the most authoritative and influential functionary in world gymnastics. In 1995-1997 he was a member of the International Olympic Committee. All these years, Yuri Evlampievich’s difficult work was helped by his wife Valeria Ivanovna and children, Anna and Svyatoslav. Excellent command foreign languages, they translated letters and documents, systematized correspondence, and selected the necessary materials. After the resignation of the current president, Yuri Titov was elected honorary President of the International Gymnastics Federation.

Currently, Yuri Evlampievich is a consultant on international issues at the Russian Artistic Gymnastics Federation. He actively participates in sports life, attends all gymnastics tournaments. Unfortunately, in 2010, his long-term life partner, his wife Valeria Ivanovna, passed away. V.I. Kuzmenko-Titova is the daughter of the famous Dynamo Kyiv football player Ivan Kuzmenko before the war, who took part in matches with the Germans in occupied Kyiv. Valeria Ivanovna - six-time champion Soviet Union in tennis, absolute champion of the USSR. In 1961, together with his friend Anna Dmitrieva, they were the first Soviet tennis players to reach the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon tournament. Valeria Kuzmenko-Titova was the first to take part in the French Championship at the legendary Roland Garros stadium. Valeria Ivanovna’s sports and later professional activities were closely connected with sports. Being a first-class English language specialist, she worked for many years guide-translator. In the early 1990s, she initiated the exchange of young tennis players between the USSR and the USA, and worked as an informant judge at many Russian and international tournaments. For many years, V.I. Kuzmenko-Titova was the organizer of a cultural program for participants in the international tournament “Kremlin Cup”. In 2001, she was awarded the Russian Cup in the category “For her contribution to the promotion and popularization of tennis.”

Yuri Evlampievich devotes a lot of time to his grandchildren. Both of them are very athletic, especially the youngest, Dasha: she plays tennis and is ready to seriously conquer the sports world. At the age of 15, she has already become the champion of the state of California (USA) in the under 18 age group. Her grandmother, Valeria Ivanovna, started training her, and now her mother trains her.

Yuri Evlampievich Titov - Honored Master of Sports of the USSR (1956), Honored Coach of the USSR, international category judge (1968), Olympic something like a peony(1956 - in the team championship), five-time silver medalist of the Olympic Games (1956 - in exercises on the horizontal bar; 1960 - in the team championship and floor exercises; 1964 - in the team championship and exercises on the horizontal bar), three-time bronze medalist of the Olympic Games (1956 - in vault and all-around; 1964 - in all-around), absolute world champion (1962), three-time world champion (1958 - in team championship and vault; 1962 - in ring exercises), absolute European champion (1959), seven-time European champion ( 1957 - in vault; 1959 - in vault, exercises on pommel horse, rings and bars; 1961 - in exercises on rings and horizontal bar), two-time absolute champion of the USSR (1958, 1961), five-time champion of the USSR (1958 - in vault; 1959 - in floor exercises; 1960 - in vault; 1961 - in exercises on rings and horizontal bar).

Graduate of Kyiv state institute physical culture (1959), candidate of pedagogical sciences, professor. Deputy Chairman of the USSR Artistic Gymnastics Federation (1968). President of the International Gymnastics Federation (1976-1996). Honorary President of the International Gymnastics Federation. Member of the IOC (1995-1997). President, Vice-President of the Russian Artistic Gymnastics Federation (2004-2006).

He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1960, 1980), Friendship of Peoples (1976), “Badge of Honor” (1957), the IOC Silver Olympic Order (1991), and the honorary badge “For Merit in the Development of Physical Culture and Sports” (2000).

Author of the books “Sum of Balls” (M., “Young Guard”, 1971. 221 pp.), “Ascension. Gymnastics at the Olympics" (M., "Sovetskaya Rossiya", 1987. 212 p.), "Notes of the President" (M., "Sovetskaya Rossiya", 1983. 176 p.).

Doable sector

Artistic gymnastics: Yuri Titov: “If I were judging the men’s high bar, my eyes would become square”

This man has seen a lot both as an athlete and as a leader. He knows the entire gymnastics “cuisine”. And there is reason to believe that his view of the state of affairs in Russian gymnastics is much more objective than, for example, the opinion of the national team coaches, who are directly involved in the process of training athletes, and therefore biased in their judgments.

– Yuri Evlampievich, sum up the performance of the Russian team in London.

– Russian gymnastics is on the rise. Now we are already competitive in women's gymnastics, we have reached the medal level in men's gymnastics. The performance was very successful. Russian gymnastics has risen from its knees. But we were coming from complete destruction. There was a complete loss of material support, both in halls, equipment, and in general living conditions. Now, thanks to the state and sponsors, and above all – VTB Bank, we are equipped. This work began in 2005 with zero reserves. And the progress is absolutely obvious.

– Why did the men not perform as well as the girls?

“In men’s gymnastics, preparation is two to four years longer, and boys emerge from puberty later”

– In men's gymnastics, training is longer by two to four years, and boys emerge from puberty later. Additionally, women's gymnastics is a bit behind overall. The generation of eight years ago did more complex acrobatics, but what the current guys showed on the horizontal bar and on the rings is fantastic! The Dutch Zonderland performed phenomenally! The coaches themselves did not imagine that he would be able to put together a program of such complexity. If I judged the men's crossbar, my eyes would become square. Almost anyone can be made a champion: such complexity and such excellent execution.

– They talk a lot about arbitrariness of judges in artistic gymnastics...

– In the Soviet Union, the floating figure for those involved in gymnastics was 1 million. When I was the head of the gymnastics department, I had under my control 5,500 certified coaches of higher and secondary education, 17 faculties trained specialists. Then there were upheavals, and we lost material base. The halls were given over to warehouses. Restoration is now underway. But the most difficult thing is that all the specialists who know the technique were taken away by foreign gymnastics. In the 90s, the world championships were, in fact, the championships of the Soviet Union. Our trainers worked in all countries: USA, Canada, Brazil, Israel, Chile. Who made the Americans? We are Romanians too.

– You led Soviet gymnastics for many years, and you also had to lead it in crisis period. Tell us about this experience.

– Now they can make the same mistake: a lot is shifted to Olympic reserve schools. This is a very useful structure, but you cannot work according to one scheme: take a student and transfer it to a great coach at an Olympic reserve school. So at one time in the 60s, we ruined all gymnastics to zero. And in the end we fell to the point where I - and I just jumped off a shell at 32 - was appointed head of the department. I don’t know why they chose me. Probably because I was in graduate school.

– What was the problem at that time?

“When there is a reserve of physical strength, psychological stability appears”

– One of the problems then, as today, is the lack of a critical mass of trained youth. The team was made up of whatever was needed. And its replenishment must be prepared, not waited, but selected from the age of 9-10, transferred to individual planning. Children in America and Japan are now trained from the age of three. They have good program: there is rhythmic work, plastic work, stretching. For example, when I started working, I had to go down one Olympic cycle and start at the age of 12-13 years. But this turned out to be not enough, and only when we established the training of 120 people of the first reserve at 9-10 years old, transferred them to individual planning with the prospect of higher mastery, the process improved. And when we made this triple-age pie, “conveyor production” appeared. We eventually caught up with the Japanese and overtook them.

– Is it possible to revive the Soviet reserve training system in modern conditions?

– The most important thing that I would like to convey to the country’s leadership is that we rightly want to return the Soviet system, but the Soviet system also did not work well everywhere. Why? In such a technically complex sport as gymnastics, the word “conveyor production” can only be placed in quotation marks. Needed individual approach. Here's an example from my life: I started studying at a polytechnic institute, I came home from school after four o'clock, and it was difficult for me to train. And I was already on the national team. Then my trainer suggested two workouts a day. In the morning at 6:30 we started the first training session, setting up, and in the evening good work was already underway. What do you think? Before the 1962 World Championships, two weeks before the start of the competition, the coaching council tried to exclude me from the national team because I was the only one who trained twice a day: you, they say, are stretching the load, from which you need to be so tired that you can barely crawl out of the gym . I won that world championship. And what do you think? Everyone in the national team was transferred to two training sessions a day.

– How to combine mass training of reserves with an individual approach?

"Children in America and Japan are now preparing from the age of three"

– Why did we lose to the Japanese in 1960? Because we did not encourage the work of personal trainers. Personal trainers, like our great Rastorotsky and Tolkachev, who each trained three Olympic champions, were dads. They monitored the regime, they monitored sleep, they monitored education, they saw in their eyes whether the athlete had time to recover for today’s training or not. I called the national team coaches – Arkaev and Latynina – consultants so as not to give them the right to ignore their personal trainers. The Central Committee of the CPSU gave me a party reprimand for calling twelve personal trainers and five consultants - senior coaches of the national team - to the training camp. They told me: you feed adults, not children. But here’s the case: Miligulo, in 1960, cannot get his dismount off the crossbar. They call his personal trainer. In the morning he arrived, said “sim-sim” - and Kolya went to dismount on the crossbar. You need to rely on young personal trainers, and all the main and senior coaches of national teams, plus psychologists, plus physiologists, should say many things only to coaches, and not to athletes.