Installation of ventilation at a sports complex and swimming pool. Organizing pool ventilation: the best methods for organizing air exchange. Methods for organizing pool ventilation

One of the main conditions for organizing a comfortable microclimate in a swimming pool located in an indoor area is the ventilation system. It is this that will maintain humidity that meets current standards and ensure the supply of fresh air.

Why do you need ventilation for a swimming pool?

Swimming pool in the house - ventilation is calculated at the design stage

To answer this question you need to understand what functions are assigned to ventilation. One of the properties inherent in water is evaporation. It evaporates from everywhere: from a glass, a puddle, the sea, a pool tank. And the greater the surface area and temperature of the water, the more evaporation. All these natural processes without adequate ventilation can harm a person and the room in which the pool is located.

A humidity level of 30-60% is considered comfortable for well-being. With high humidity of 80-95% and pool room temperature (29-31°C), it becomes difficult for a person to breathe, headaches, fatigue appear, and consciousness may even become clouded. People with chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system experienced attacks. And frequent exposure to a room with such parameters provokes rheumatic diseases, tuberculosis, and kidney diseases.

Thus, a ventilation system for swimming pools is mandatory, which would be responsible for absorption, condensation and assimilation. The more intense the change from stagnant air to fresh air, the faster the drying of air masses occurs.

Features of ventilation devices in swimming pool premises

The air and water temperatures should differ by a maximum of 2 degrees. Thus, for swimming pools located in private homes, the water temperature is set at 28°C. The air temperature should be 29-30°C. If the opposite temperature ratio is observed, then intense evaporation occurs. Therefore, the ventilation system provides heating of the supply air. For a swimming pool, the water temperature is within the range of 26-31°C, for a pool in a bath with hot water 35°C, with cold water 15°C.
The most important parameter that determines the microclimate of the pool is humidity. As mentioned above, high humidity negatively affects people’s health, as well as structural elements and room decoration. Moisture exceeding the permissible threshold leads to the formation of condensation, which over time contributes to the development of fungi, mold, and rust. Humidity has a direct relationship with air temperature, so lowering it by 1 degree increases humidity by 3.5%.
The limit values for relative humidity for indoor swimming pools in winter are 45%. For summer, a higher rate is allowed - 55%.
Strict requirements are placed on air movement. Ventilation for a swimming pool in a cottage must have continuous air exchange. It cannot be turned off either day or night, or at any time of the year, otherwise condensation cannot be avoided. The system should maintain an air speed of about 20 cm per second.
The presence of chlorine in the air should be maintained at 0.1 ml per 1 cubic meter. m of air.

Important! The ventilation requirements for a swimming pool located in a house include the mandatory absorption of exhaust air by the exhaust air hood by 13% more than the fresh air supplied. This prevents moisture from spreading to other areas of the house. Exceeding this value leads to the formation of drafts.

In addition, the pool ventilation system must be autonomous, independent of the ventilation of the house itself. And connecting the system to an uninterruptible power supply will ensure its continuous operation, independent of the presence of voltage in the network.

Supply and exhaust ventilation for pools

According to experts, supply and exhaust ventilation is suitable for rooms with high air humidity. It is this kind of ventilation that can provide high-quality air exchange, which will provide a continuous supply of fresh air and timely removal of excess moisture.

Creating a comfortable microclimate that meets all the standards for constructing ventilation systems in a swimming pool, perhaps by building one of the popular schemes, namely: a system with an air supply unit, an exhaust fan, an autonomously operating dehumidifier or supply and exhaust ventilation for a swimming pool with recuperation.

This recovery system includes the following equipment:

supply and exhaust fans;
recuperator with bypass;
supply and exhaust filters;
electric heater; Control block;
condensate tray.

The presence of a recuperator in the circuit allows for maximum reduction of heat loss. Recuperators are available in several types. The plate type recuperator is considered to be the most suitable for swimming pool ventilation systems. It is a heat exchanger through which supply and exhaust air passes. In this case, the inflow is heated by the heat of the escaping masses.

Advantages of a supply and exhaust ventilation system with a recuperator

It is possible to adjust the operating parameters (switching from “working” mode to “standby” mode and back), but this can be useful when, for example, the owners leave for a while and no one in the house controls the operation of the system. General setup of the system is carried out once, during commissioning.
The equipment operates in a common system, is controlled using a conventional control panel, all indicators can be displayed on a computer screen for control.
Does not require additional equipment for warm and cold seasons.
Enormous energy savings due to the operation of the recuperator, which is especially important during continuous operation of the system.

Calculation of the air exchange rate in the pool room

L = Gw/

L – required volume (m3/h) of outside air

Gw – evaporation rate (g/h)

r – specific density of air (kg/m3)

Xj – humidity of the air flow from outside (g/kg)

Xu – indoor air humidity (g/kg)

DIY pool ventilation: sequence of work

First, we start with the selection of equipment that will be built into the ventilation scheme.
Secondly, we calculate the cross-section of the pipes, which is important for proper air supply and exhaust.
Thirdly, we place the inflow and exhaust pipes. Since moist and warm air rises, we place the hood near the ceiling. According to all the rules for constructing a system, the inflow pipe must be placed in the lower part of the room. But in the pool, this position will create discomfort. Therefore, structurally this is solved this way: the entrance to the room is located at the bottom, then it is pumped upward through a duct, where pipes with ventilation grilles are located along the entire perimeter of the room, through which fresh air is supplied. For a good rate of recirculation of air masses, large grates are installed.
Fourthly, to maintain good air exchange, a deflector is installed at the end of the exhaust pipe, sucking in the exhaust moist air and releasing it into the atmosphere through special channels.
Fifthly, it is advisable to provide a device that is not part of the ventilation system, but greatly facilitates its work. These are special blinds that cover the pool bowl when it is not in use. They perform many useful functions - protection from pollution, heat preservation, for ventilation - reducing evaporation and moisture release.

More detailed information about the equipment, the correctness of calculations, location and other nuances of building ventilation in the pool room can be obtained from specialized specialists. Of course, price will also play an important role, but before making a decision, you need to think “several steps ahead.” And in appearance, expensive supply and exhaust ventilation with recovery actually turns out to be more economical and profitable than other schemes.

According to the requirements of the Construction Norms and Rules (SNiP-a), the air exchange in the pool room must be fourfold, that is, within an hour, all the air in the room is replaced four times.
Also, in the bathtub halls of swimming pools with seats for spectators, air exchange calculations should be performed for two modes - with and without spectators .

Air parameters

The ventilation system must maintain certain air parameters in the pool room:

Temperature. Not only the comfort of people depends on it, but also the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the water. Therefore, the air temperature should be slightly (1-2°C) higher than the water temperature (if the water is warmer than the air, then the evaporation of moisture increases significantly). For private pools, the recommended air and water temperatures are 30°C and 28°C, respectively. To heat the supply air to a given temperature in inexpensive direct-flow systems, water or electric heaters are used. In supply and exhaust units, to save energy, in addition to the air heater, heat recuperators can be installed, usually based on plate recuperators and heat pumps (recuperators heat the supply air using the heat of the exhaust air). If the outside air temperature can exceed the indoor air temperature for a long time, then it is necessary to use a ventilation system with a cooling function.
Humidity. This is one of the most important air parameters, which affects the safety of the finishing and structural elements of the pool room. If air humidity exceeds a safe level for a long time, structural elements may become unusable - covered with rust and mold due to the formation of condensation. Therefore, during non-working hours, to reduce evaporation from the water surface, it is recommended to cover the surface of the pool with film. Note that it is necessary to monitor and manage relative, not absolute humidity (moisture content). Relative humidity at constant moisture content strongly depends on temperature, so a decrease in temperature by 1°C leads to an increase in humidity by 3.5%. To reduce air humidity, two methods are used:
- Assimilation of moisture by outside air, that is, supplying outside air with a low moisture content to the room and removing humid air from the room. This method works well in winter when the moisture content of the outside air is low. In summer in central Russia, assimilation of moisture by outside air is also possible, but it should be borne in mind that in hot and rainy weather, the moisture content of outside air may be higher than that of inside air, and then this method will not work.
- Condensation drying on the surface of the evaporator. Pool dehumidifiers operate on this principle. The dehumidifier can be made as a separate unit or built into the ventilation unit. Note that the name dehumidifier for this unit is not entirely accurate. A more general name would be more correct: refrigeration machine or a refrigeration circuit, since this unit not only reduces air humidity, but also transfers heat from the exhaust air to the supply air (heat pump), and when the direction of movement of the refrigerant changes, it can cool the supply air.
The humidity in the pool room should be maintained at 40-65%, while in the warm season a higher level of humidity is allowed, since there are no cold surfaces in the room on which moisture condensation is possible. Based on this, the recommended values for relative air humidity are: up to 55% in summer, up to 45% in winter.
Fresh air quantity. The minimum volume of fresh air supplied is determined by sanitary standards (80 m³/h per person) and the need to assimilate moisture from the air (in the absence of a condensation dehumidifier). In summer, the volume of supplied air is usually higher than in winter, since during the warm period the difference in moisture content between indoor and outdoor air is lower.
The ratio of supply and exhaust air. It is recommended to maintain a slight vacuum in the pool room (the air flow of the exhaust system should be 10-15% higher than the supply air). This prevents moist air and odors from the pool from spreading to other rooms.
Air mobility. Unlike residential premises, where ventilation can be turned off for some time, in the pool room constant air movement must be ensured based on a 6-fold air exchange. This is due to the fact that in still air, even with normal average humidity, stagnant zones form near cold surfaces, where the temperature drops below the dew point and condensation occurs. To avoid this, the air must be constantly mixed. In winter, such an amount of outside air is usually not required to assimilate moisture, so to ensure the necessary mobility, a ventilation unit with a mixing chamber is used (in which outside and inside air are mixed in a given proportion and supplied to the room). We also note that when choosing the location of the air distributors, it is necessary to take into account that the air flow should pass along cold surfaces (usually vertically along the windows), but there should be no drafts in the swimming area, since this not only creates discomfort for pool visitors, but also significantly enhances moisture evaporation.

More details about the parameters of the air environment and the rules for designing ventilation systems in a swimming pool can be found in the already mentioned recommendations of ABOK 7.5-2012.

Operating modes of the ventilation unit

In modern specialized air handling units with a digital automation system, all operating modes are configured once during commissioning. The user does not need to change anything in the system settings in the future: to control it, he will only need to switch the operating and standby modes of operation (this can be done either from the remote control or using a regular switch for these purposes).

If a ventilation unit with a simplified automation system or a model not intended for these purposes is used to ventilate the pool, then the user will have to independently control the fan speed and operating mode of the heater, set the air humidity depending on the season, and change other settings. And such a ventilation system, due to non-optimal settings, most likely will not allow maintaining a comfortable microclimate with the lowest possible energy consumption.

Specialized models of air handling units for swimming pools operate in two main modes:

Work mode(may also be called Day Mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates during the operation of the pool, when there are people in the room, while a specified amount of outside air is constantly supplied to the room (not lower than the sanitary standard). Dehumidification can be carried out both by assimilation of moisture with outside air, and by a combined method (assimilation + condensation dehumidification of air). In the second case, energy consumption will be lower.
Standby mode(may also be called Night mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates when there are no people in the room. Outside air is not supplied to the room, the ventilation unit operates in recirculation mode (this allows you to save energy without wasting it on heating the outside air). At the same time, the automation constantly monitors air humidity and, when it rises above a predetermined level, turns on the refrigeration circuit compressor for condensation dehumidification (if the ventilation unit has a dehumidifier), or supplies outside air to assimilate moisture (if there is no dehumidifier). The ventilation unit can have a customizable ventilation mode in Standby mode - once a day, fresh air is briefly supplied to the room so that unpleasant odors do not accumulate there.

Some models have emergency mode work. If a malfunction of the built-in or stand-alone dehumidifier occurs and the air humidity rises above a critical level, the supply of outside air is increased to assimilate the moisture.

You can find out more about each operating mode and equipment features in the documentation on the manufacturers’ websites.

Recuperator

Recuperator (air-to-air heat exchanger) is a steel box through which counter flows of fresh street and dirty exhaust air pass through channels separated by a thin steel sheet. There is an exchange of heat, due to which the cold street air is slightly heated due to the outgoing polluted air.

The main function of the recuperator is to save heat, which is necessary to heat the supply air in winter. We take in cold air from the street. The heat savings of the recuperator are simply colossal, but it is only effective in pools with a water surface of more than 40 m2.

To understand this, you need to look at the operating modes of the pool ventilation. The pool ventilation system is calculated for 4 operating modes:

Summer Winter.
Day/Night (or operation/idle mode)

Summer. In summer, the air outside is warm and humid, so it is supplied to the pool room without heating, bypassing the heater and recuperator. The moisture content in the street air in summer is very high - 12.8 g/kg. Therefore, in order to remove moisture from the pool with already humid street air, it is necessary to blow through the pool room with a large volume of air, i.e. take not by quality, but by quantity.

Winter. The situation is the opposite. The air outside is cold and needs to be heated to supply it to the pool, but the main thing is that it is very dry. Its moisture content is only 0.39 g/kg, i.e. 32 times drier than air in summer, which means the amount of such air needed to drain the pool is several times less. Thus, to dry the air by ventilation in a pool with a water area of 25 m2, approximately 3000 m3/h of air is needed in summer, and only 400 m3/h in winter, which is 7.5 times less.

The air handling unit simply reduces the speed in winter. You only need to heat 400 m3/h, and the efficiency and payback of the recuperator occurs when air volumes exceed 1000 m3/h. Such a volume of air for draining a pool in winter may only be needed if the water surface area is more than 40 m2.

You should think carefully and buy a pool recuperator only with plasticized plates. They will protect the recuperator from moisture. And the recuperator pays off after at least 2 years of use.

If you really want to save heat in the ventilation system, provide blinds to cover the pool water surface during non-working hours. This way you can reduce moisture release from the pool, which means reducing both the air volume and the consumption of the ventilation system by 70%.

Air handling unit with bypass channel

Bypass channel or recirculation from the word “compass” - circle. We simply mix the exhaust air with the supply air. Why? - This question should be asked to me by phone if you order the design of a commercial swimming pool with a water surface area of more than 80 m2.

Supply and exhaust units (separate)

In this case, we have the opportunity to take a more flexible approach to the placement of ventilation system equipment. We make separate supply and exhaust installations. They take up significantly less space than systems with a recuperator. They can be located in different rooms, for example in the attic, in the basement, and even in the suspended ceiling of the pool itself. The air supply unit, operating in 2 modes, supplies 3000 m3/h in summer, and heats and supplies only 400 m3/h in winter. The exhaust unit exhausts moist air outside, and the heating cable on the outdoor grilles protects them from the formation of icicles.

This is the simplest and most effective pool ventilation scheme. Air dehumidification is a technologically very troublesome process. The air must first be cooled, then heated.
Why do we need this if the humid air can simply be thrown outside? To heat 400 m3/h of air you need only 7.5 kW of thermal energy from the boiler (not to be confused with electricity consumption) and this is at -25 oC outside.

Like other rooms in a private house, a swimming pool requires a normal microclimate. Acceptable humidity and temperature should be maintained here. Only when these two parameters are provided can further work be carried out. Ventilation in the pool of a private house can be provided in various ways. It involves taking into account certain parameters of the external environment.

Existing norms of parameters

When creating ventilation in the swimming pool of a private house, the following environmental factors must be taken into account:

air humidity no more than 65%;
air temperature that will not differ from the water temperature in the pool by more than 2°;
the water temperature should not be higher than 32°;
the air movement speed should not be more than 0.2 m/s.

It is these parameters that are considered fundamental in the formation of a favorable microclimate in a room such as a swimming pool. When designing a system, it is very important to take into account the difference between the volume of air entering and leaving the system.

This parameter will directly depend on the speed of the air flow. Ventilation in the swimming pool of a private house must be organized according to the forced principle. Natural air currents are not always sufficient to ensure that the microclimate is truly favorable.

The noise level should not exceed the level established by law. Most often this value is 60 dB. When choosing machinery and equipment, you must take into account that it must have sufficiently high productivity.

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Project development: features

One of the most important stages in organizing ventilation in the swimming pool of a private house is its design. It is important to take into account all the nuances of the system. When designing, it is necessary to ensure not only effective air exchange between the internal and external environment, but also to exclude the formation of various harmful factors that can adversely affect the human body. One of these is the formation of condensation inside the mine. This may have a detrimental effect on its service life. That is why mines must be insulated. Moreover, this can be done both from the inside and from the outside. Sometimes the system is supplemented with special heating valves. A prerequisite is the use of trays to collect condensate.

The pool of a private house is a place that is not always actively used by people. That is why at the design stage it is imperative to think about how to save electrical energy. Here everything is implemented quite simply. When the pool is frozen, you do not need to use the equipment at full capacity. It is best to purchase devices that will allow air circulation during non-working periods, but at a minimum level. When a person wants to actively use the pool, he can easily turn on all the available equipment at maximum power. A very convenient way to save energy.

Modern supply and exhaust ventilation can solve several problems at once. It contains several main nodes. It must include: fans, filters and a heater. Additional equipment can also be used. For example, this could be a recuperator. This device allows you to reduce electrical energy consumption by approximately 1/4. Modern swimming pools in private houses use water heating. It is usually located around the entire perimeter of the bowl.

In this case, the ventilation system for the swimming pool of a private house is most often separated from the main one.

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Ventilation system calculation

It is very important to correctly calculate the ventilation system of a swimming pool in a private house. This will create comfort and coziness in the room. Various parameters are taken into account in the calculations. A humidity level of 65% is allowed in this room. In some cases, this parameter has to be reduced to 50.

A swimming pool is a place where there is always excess humidity in the air. It's unavoidable. Even when exhaust ventilation is organized correctly, you can not count on the fact that there will be no discomfort. Of course, the person will feel much better than when she is not there. With increased air humidity, condensation occurs on the walls of the room. This is an unfavorable factor that must be combated. It's all about correct calculations.

Analytical calculations can take a person quite far. However, this does not mean that people themselves cannot make all the necessary calculations. Everything is done extremely simply.

First you need to determine the air flow.
indoor water and air temperature;

features of air movement indoors, this parameter can greatly affect the result;

the number of people who will swim in the pool at the same time.

The number of parameters is large. All of them must be taken into account during the design process. However, it is not necessary that one of them will not take a null value. Modern design bureaus have a huge amount of material that allows them to make calculations for ventilation systems for swimming pools in private houses. These parameters are obtained through many years of experiments and analytical calculations. Based on this data, an approximate or precise parametric analysis is created. You can make calculations yourself, but it is not always possible to obtain reliable results. The help of specialists working in this direction may be useful.

The scope of application of the installations is swimming pools of all types and purposes:

sports;
private;
hotel;
water parks;
medicinal;
wellness.

Pool ventilation systems differ significantly from general-purpose systems and require knowledge of the nuances and more in-depth study when calculating and selecting equipment. In this regard, when designing a swimming pool ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the pool premises, including the presence of leisure areas (slides, Jacuzzi waterfalls, etc.) and other places of additional moisture release, and then make a detailed calculation of air parameters (temperature , humidity and air exchange rate). Ventilation units for swimming pools have design and control features due to year-round operation with high humidity air, as well as the content of chemically active compounds for water purification and disinfection. In addition, various regeneration systems can be used in pool ventilation systems, such as:

a system for heating water in the pool by extracting heat from the condenser, which in turn is part of the air drying/cooling system;
a water heating system for plumbing needs by extracting heat from the condenser, which in turn is part of the air drying/cooling system;
recirculation system, i.e. mixing fresh supply and exhaust air in different ratios depending on the current load of the pool and, as a result, saving energy costs;
system for additional heating of supply air due to cooling of air removed from the room due to the operation of the built-in refrigeration unit in reverse mode.

Design of installations for ventilation of swimming pools

According to the design, there are two types of installations - sectional and compact. Sectional units are more often used for ventilation of public swimming pools, while compact units are used in small private swimming pools. Both types of installations consist of a base frame, a steel frame fixed to it with separate sections for air treatment, which are covered with galvanized or stainless steel panels with heat and sound insulation. All components of pool installations are made of materials resistant to interaction with aggressive environments or painted with special paint. To save energy resources in swimming pool installations, as a rule, air recirculation and heat recovery systems are always used. Recirculation is the mixing of outside air with indoor air in proportions set by the automation system and the percentage of opening of the valves: bypass and recirculation. Recuperators return part of the heat from the exhaust air to the supply air and vice versa.

Operating principle of pool ventilation units

The supply fan turns on (simultaneously with the exhaust fan or with a delay - depending on the time of year, air parameters and operating mode) and sucks in outside air. The air is then cleaned in the filter section and enters the mixing chamber or recuperator. The air mixture is then supplied to the cooling or heating section and undergoes appropriate heat treatment. Next, through a network of air ducts through air distributors, the prepared air enters the pool room. Air is removed from the pool room through the operation of an exhaust fan through a system of grilles and released into the environment (outside) through a network of external devices.

Ventilation in the swimming pool of a private house

Ventilation of a private pool requires the same air exchange systems as ventilation of a public pool. Ventilation in the swimming pool of a private house differs only in the size of the premises served, the frequency of air exchange and, as a consequence, the size of the equipment. Ventilation of a swimming pool in a house may have a lower air exchange rate compared to public swimming pools, because... does not imply a significant increase in the number of visitors and moisture emissions. However, ventilation of a private pool requires the organization of appropriate air exchange, the presence of a drying system, etc. regardless of its size. You can find more detailed information about the specifics of swimming pool ventilation in the article.

Selecting a ventilation unit for a swimming pool

The selection of a ventilation unit for a swimming pool should only be carried out by qualified specialists. In order to avoid problems that may be caused by high humidity in the pool room, development of a project is mandatory. To develop the optimal solution from a technical and commercial point of view, it is enough to contact the PROMVENTHOLOD company. Our engineers have extensive experience in the calculation of swimming pool ventilation systems, design, installation and operation of such systems. Our engineers will help you draw up technical specifications for the design, carry out the necessary thermal and aerodynamic calculations and select a ventilation system for your pool. Currently, many companies on the Russian market are engaged in air supply units, their production and supply. But installations for swimming pool ventilation are a completely different area, which requires many years of experience from the manufacturer, significant investments in research and testing of manufactured products, as well as knowledge of the specifics of swimming pool ventilation.

In our company you can buy various brands of ventilation units for swimming pools at a competitive price, as well as order installation and maintenance.

The reliability of our company and the solutions offered is confirmed by the status of the official distributor and authorized service center of equipment manufacturers. The PROMVENTHOLOD company supplies installations for ventilation of swimming pools of any size and purpose, provides full technical support for the supplied equipment, as well as warranty and service.

A room with a swimming pool is very specific due to the presence of a large amount of water vapor in it. Moisture condenses on the surface at a lower temperature, resulting in the processes of corrosion, rotting and fungus formation. In the room with the pool, the windows fog up and moisture accumulates on the objects there. High-quality ventilation of the room with a swimming pool eliminates all these inconveniences.

Why is pool ventilation needed?

The characteristics of water and air in a room with a swimming pool favor the evaporation of water from the bowl; it is impossible to stop this process. Moisture settles on interior items and various structural elements, which leads to their damage. A properly designed and installed ventilation system will remove all air fumes from the room.

The second negative factor from water vapor is the discomfort of people in the pool. Humid air negatively affects the respiratory system and psychological state. The third factor is damage to the electrical equipment located in the pool. Even glass-covered ceiling lights suffer.

For better effect, ventilation systems are equipped with air dehumidifiers. Among all types of ventilation systems, there are two most common:

Supply and exhaust with heat recovery
With separation of air inflow and outflow.

Supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery

This type of exhaust system operates in one unit. At the stage of purchasing all the necessary materials, this system requires large expenses, but during operation it is more economical than flow ventilation. Benefits of use:

Does not require much space for installation. All components are located in one block, and therefore occupy a smaller area than ventilation with separated elements. It is optimally suited for small pools and is therefore often used in private homes.
During operation, the installation has reduced energy consumption due to the presence of a recuperator. This device saves up to 50-70% energy, since the supply air is heated by the extracted gas, but does not mix with it. That is, the temperature in the room is kept at the same level due to its own heat reserve. Thanks to this, the required power of the motor used is reduced by 2-2.5 times.

The supply and exhaust type pool ventilation system contains the following elements:

Supply and exhaust fan.
Filter for cleaning incoming air.
Double valve that blocks the passage of cold air when the system is turned off.
Heat recuperator.
Incoming air heater.

In some cases, the supply and exhaust ventilation of a swimming pool with a heat recuperator is equipped with an automated controller for the amount of water vapor and temperature. Also, in addition, devices are installed that distribute heated air to other rooms and an air dehumidifier.

Ventilation with separation of air inflow and outflow

This system is separate; air inlet and outlet are produced by different ventilation system elements. The equipment in this case costs less than for the first type of ventilation, but during operation it will require greater expenses. Also, separate ventilation has rather large dimensions and is not so convenient for use in small rooms.

Flow ventilation of the pool is characterized by a separate supply of fresh air into the room with the simultaneous removal of already humidified air to the outside. Equipment of this type of ventilation is carried out at the stage of general construction work on the construction of a swimming pool. Its main element is a fan built into the exhaust ducts. The air supply is carried out using the following equipment:

An air intake device equipped with a valve that prevents cold flow from entering the room when the system is turned off.
Filter that purifies incoming air.
Incoming air heater.
Fan for pumping air.
Control unit for maintaining the temperature level and volume of incoming air.

Automation of ventilation

The automated system exercises full control over the ventilation system and regulates its functions. The work performed by the automated system:

Maintains air humidity and temperature at a given level, as well as the performance of the ventilation system itself.
At specified intervals, it turns on or off individual structural elements of the system or its entirety.

Notifies you of emerging emergencies and system problems.
Tracks the sequence of all operations taking place in the system.
Provides protection for the system as a whole and its individual components, protects water heaters from freezing moisture in them, voltage drop, etc.
Connects ventilation with the smart home system.

Standards for air parameters in the pool

The ventilation system is selected according to certain indicators that are observed in the room with the pool. When creating a safe and pleasant environment in the room, the following numbers are maintained:

Air humidity no more than 65%.
The temperature ratio of air and water does not exceed 2°C in favor of air.
The water temperature remains at 32°C.
The gas flow leaving the ventilation does not exceed a speed of 0.2 m/s, since higher values create a draft that is noticeable to the skin.
The normalized air exchange value is 80 m3/h per person in the room. But during design it is allowed to use not this figure, but the calculated value.

The standards allow for a difference in the amount of incoming and outgoing air equal to half the air exchange rate of the pool. Here, however, the gas flow rate is taken into account. When calculating the project, the number of decibels of noise in the room is also taken into account, its maximum threshold is 60 dB. Natural ventilation does not create the parameters described above in the pool, therefore the room must be equipped with a mechanized ventilation system.

Nuances of developing a ventilation project

When creating a design for a ventilating structure of any type, the functional characteristics of the structure itself are taken into account to ensure that it provides the specified conditions, and the negative factors affecting the structural elements of the structure. One of the very first harmful substances is condensation. Its accumulation on the surface of the ventilation shaft will cause corrosion and damage to the equipment. To avoid this, the shaft is insulated or electrically heated valves are used. The ventilation shaft is also supplemented with a tray for draining collected moisture.

Any type or size of pool ventilation system must be designed to operate at a lower capacity to save energy when the pool is not in use. Accordingly, it is necessary to equip it with a device of increased power so that the ventilation effectively copes with its functions when there are many people in the pool. These additions are not mandatory, but they help save energy during round-the-clock operation, without reducing the efficiency of the system. This addition is especially relevant for private homes, where equipment is used much less frequently than in public swimming pools.

The most important rule when calculating a project is taking into account the area of the room, calculating the values of the air exchange rate and air flow, and the presence of a room heating function. Pool supply and exhaust ventilation is multifunctional and solves all problems. It has various structural elements - a filtration system, a heater and a fan. This ensures that it performs all of the specified functions. Pool ventilation is installed separately from the main house system. Reduce evaporation of water from the pool by curtaining it during idle periods.

How to develop a pool ventilation project

As mentioned above, when the ventilation of a swimming pool is designed, the calculation is carried out taking into account an air humidity of 65%, but this value in practice is often reduced by 15-20%. This occurs due to the tactile sensation of increased humidity. If the ventilation system is equipped correctly and provides the required humidity level, condensation and discomfort are still noticeable. As a result, the functional characteristics of ventilation change, while the described phenomena disappear, but the humidity indicator does not correspond to the stated standards.

When calculating the project, air flow is taken into account. Special formulas and tables help determine the required air exchange at the existing temperature and the area of the pool's water space.

All indicators that are taken into account when calculating:

The overall size of the body of water.

The size of all bypass tracks.
The size of the entire room.
Average outdoor air temperature in winter and summer.
Water temperature.
The air temperature in the room itself.
Average number of pool visitors.
Taking into account the fact that warm air flows tend upward due to its smaller mass, it is necessary to take into account the temperature indicator of the air under the ceiling.

When independently calculating a ventilation project for a swimming pool, the following calculations are also carried out:

They take into account the heat input from bathing people, external solar exposure, bypass paths, lighting, and from the water itself.
The intake of moisture from bathing people, the water surface, and from bypass paths is taken into account.
Air exchange is calculated based on moisture and total heat, and standard air exchange is taken into account.

According to the standard of the Society of German Engineers, air exchange is calculated depending on the area of the water surface, its temperature, and total humidity

air and functional features of the pool. The formula used for calculations is:

W= exFxPb-PL, kg/h. Here:

F is the total size of the water surface of the pool, m2.
Pb is an indicator of water vapor pressure in saturated air, taking into account the temperature of the water in the pool, Bar.
PL is an indicator of water vapor pressure at a given temperature and humidity, Bar.

To enter the pressure indicator in kPa, take into account that 1 Bar = 98.1 kPa.

e in this formula is the evaporation coefficient, kg (m2*hour*Bar), determines the functional features of the pool. For different types of pools it is equal to:

Water surface covered with film - 0.5.
Fixed water surface - 5.
The structure is small in size with a small number of visitors - 15.
A public structure with an average swimmer activity score of 20.
Design for places of active entertainment and recreation - 28.
Structure equipped with water slides and wave formation - 35

The calculations are based on the release of moisture during use of the pool, this creates a safety margin for the entire system. To calculate air exchange in a pool, use the formula: mL=GWXB-XN, kg/h, this is the formula for calculating mass flow. Volume flow is determined by the formula: L=GWrxXB-XN, kg/h. Here:

L - volumetric flow rate of incoming air, m3/h.
mL - incoming air mass flow, kg/h.
GW is the volume of all evaporating moisture in the room, g/h.
XN - moisture content outside the room, g/kg.
XB - indoor moisture content, g/kg.
r is an indicator of air density at indoor temperature conditions, kg/m3.

Outdoor moisture content tends to change with the seasons. This change reaches 2-3 g/kg in winter, and 11-12 g/kg in summer. Practitioners focus on the indicator 9 g/kg, because the seasonal change in this indicator does not last long. As for the XB value, it is taken to be slightly larger than the calculated value, since in the summer season the amount of condensate that appears is insignificant.

During the installation of ventilation, all air ducts are carefully sealed and thermally insulated. The air flow is not directed to the surface of the water. A small ventilation system is installed between the main and suspended ceilings. If a ventilation system is installed in the room, then using an air conditioner in it is not recommended.