Dead souls what Chichikov's father teaches. Did Chichikov fulfill his father's behest? (based on Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”). About relationships with people

Entering an independent life, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, then still a boy, received “smart instruction” from his father:

Study, not hang around;

Most of all please the bosses;

Hang out with friends who are richer;

Do not treat anyone, but behave in such a way that you will be treated;

And the main thing is to take care and save a penny: “You will do everything and everything.”

You’ll lose a penny in the world.”

Chichikov’s father probably did not really follow these principles, and therefore left behind an inheritance to his son a dilapidated house, old personal belongings and one family of serfs. His son Pavlusha always remembered his father’s words, followed his advice and, no matter how difficult it was for him, succeeded in life. How did Chichikov fulfill his father’s behests?

Pavlusha studied with great diligence. But since he had no aptitude for science, he achieved more success by pleasing the teacher. Not so much out of respect, but out of a desire to distinguish oneself, to attract attention, to earn praise. And he achieved his goal: he was in excellent standing with the school administration. The ability to please superiors, guess the boss’s desire, flatter, be the right person was useful to Chichikov when he served in the treasury chamber, and at customs, and in the rank of attorney. But since childhood he was not sincere. All his behavior can be called pretense, hypocrisy. This was especially evident in the story with the police officer, in whose trust Chichikov entered and even allegedly intended to marry his daughter.

Chichikov, both in his youth and later, “didn’t hang around,” but worked hard and persistently. I denied myself rest, good food, and entertainment. And all for the sake of a career, in order to lead a life in the future “in all comforts, with all kinds of prosperity.” He served zealously in any field, gained the trust of his superiors and other officials, and thereby deserved promotion. And then, through fraud and deception, he multiplied his initially insignificant fortune.

He had no comrades. Not only did he not treat his classmates at school, but even, “hiding the treat he received, he later sold it to them.” Or he would tease a hungry, richer friend with a gingerbread or a bun and then “take the money according to his appetite.” In adult life he also had no friends. There was one whom Chichikov recruited to carry out a risky business with smugglers. But it all ended in a quarrel and denunciation. But most of all, Chichikov followed the advice to save a penny. And not only the shore, but also multiplied. And in this he showed almost extraordinary resourcefulness. At school I sold buns to my comrades, balancing the price with the degree of hunger; He made a bullfinch from wax and sold it very profitably. He sold the mouse he had trained just as profitably. These were childish ways. In the service, Chichikov showed miracles of ingenuity, covered with external courtesy and the appearance of nobility, in order to receive bribes.

He did not disdain the opportunity to rob the state treasury while working on the commission for the construction of a state-owned house. He managed to secretly contact the smugglers and get “four hundred thousand in capital from this business.” He justified himself with the words: “Who yawns in office? “Everyone is buying.” But the height of his resourcefulness, ingenuity and intelligence was the idea of ​​​​buying dead souls in order to put them in the guardianship council as living ones and, using the difference in price, create a new capital of about two hundred thousand, as Chichikov had calculated in advance.

More than once, circumstances threw Chichikov back, again into dirt and poverty. But Pavel Ivanovich, who managed to hide some of the money, found the strength to rise up and take new steps to move up. And in this he showed unenviable tenacity, perseverance and ingenuity. “Who is he? So, a scoundrel? - Gogol asks a question. And he himself answers: “It is most fair to call him: owner, acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; because of him, deeds were carried out that the world calls not very pure.”

You read " Dead Souls“And you are amazed at how correctly N.V. Gogol reflected the morals of the businessman-entrepreneur. Gogol saw them in their infancy in the middle of the 19th century. They took root in the 20th century. And now, in the heyday of “wild capitalism” in our country, they are producing worthy results. His father’s instructions to young Chichikov become the “code of honor” of a modern entrepreneur.

The father brought Pavlusha to the city to visit his distant relative, where the boy was destined to study at the city school. The last conversation before leaving is Chichikov’s father’s instruction to his son about how to behave, how to build his relationships with others, what to value and what to avoid. Fate decreed that this was Pavlushi’s last conversation with his parent, they never saw each other again, and a few years later his father died.

Parental covenant

Pavlushi’s father punished his son “not to hang around”, not to play around, but to study only, which indicates how far the adult parent is from the world of childhood. In his strictness and constant dissatisfaction with the child, he forgot that games, fun and pampering are an integral part of children's lives. This is exactly what little Chichikov became - a “sedate”, “adult” child. His thoughts were busy with how to earn a penny, he did not hang out with his peers, did not know sincere friendship. The boy’s father’s words sunk deep into the boy’s soul that comrades can betray at a difficult moment, but only money will help out: “A comrade or friend will deceive you and in trouble will be the first to betray you, but a penny will not betray you, no matter what trouble you are in.”

Life turned out exactly as his father bequeathed: money became Pavel Ivanovich’s best friend.

About relationships with people

“Most of all please teachers and bosses” - this was my father’s testament. Undoubtedly, this is not the best order to start life, but in this Chichikov Sr. saw the path to achieving success and recognition. He did not believe in the intelligence and talent of his own child, although at school Pavlusha turned out to be quite successful, albeit not the best student. He had a penchant for arithmetic, and in the future Chichikov turned out to be adept at calculating and calculating all the necessary actions.

Pavlush took the advice of his father literally, so from the time of college he learned to hang out with those “who are richer, so that on occasion they could be ... useful.” The parent advises Pavlusha not to treat anyone, not to spend money on his friends, but to behave in such a way that others will treat him. The boy learned this science quickly, and managed to sell treats to his classmates right in class.

Father's words about money

But the most important instruction of the parent in the poem was his philosophy regarding money: “Save the penny most of all... you will do everything and lose everything in the world with a penny.” The future showed that this path was the most correct in the society in which Chichikov was to live, only the presence of money calmed him down, capital and its increase - that was what became the meaning of Pavel Ivanovich’s life. Perhaps the protagonist’s father came to this conclusion because he himself was left in his old age without funds, embittered and unable to change anything in his life. It was this circumstance that prevented him from telling his son goodbye about his fatherly feelings, about his faith in him...

Entering an independent life, Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, then still a boy, received “smart instruction” from his father: to study, and not to hang around; please the bosses most of all; hang out with friends who are richer; do not treat anyone, but behave in such a way that you will be treated; and the main thing is to take care and save a penny: “You will do everything and ruin everything in the world with a penny.”
Chichikov’s father probably did not really follow these principles, and therefore left behind an inheritance to his son a dilapidated house, old personal belongings and one family of serfs. His son Pavlusha always remembered his father’s words, followed his advice and, no matter how difficult it was for him, succeeded in life.
How did Chichikov fulfill his father’s behests?
Pavlusha studied with great diligence. But since he had no aptitude for science, he achieved more success by pleasing the teacher. Not so much out of respect, but out of a desire to distinguish oneself, to attract attention, to earn praise. And he achieved his goal: he was in excellent standing with the school administration. The ability to please the authorities, guess the desire of the boss, flatter, and be the right person was useful to Chichikov when he served in the treasury chamber, and at customs, and in the rank of attorney. But since childhood he was not sincere. All his behavior can be called pretense, hypocrisy.
Chichikov, both in his youth and later, “didn’t hang around”, but worked hard and persistently. I denied myself rest, good food, and entertainment. And all for the sake of a career, in order to lead a life in the future “in all comforts, with all kinds of prosperity.” He served zealously in any field, gained the trust of his superiors and earned a promotion. And then, through fraud and deception, he multiplied his fortune.
He had no comrades. Not only did he not treat his classmates at the school, but he even “hid the treat he received and then sold it to them.” Or he would tease a hungry, richer friend with a gingerbread or a bun and then “take the money according to his appetite.” He also had no friends in his adult life. There was one whom Chichikov recruited to carry out a risky business with smugglers. But it all ended in a quarrel and denunciation.
Most of all, Chichikov followed the advice to save a penny. And in this he showed almost extraordinary resourcefulness. At school I sold buns to my comrades, balancing the price with the degree of hunger; He made a bullfinch from wax and sold it very profitably. He sold the mouse he had trained just as profitably. These were childish ways. In the service, Chichikov showed miracles of ingenuity, covered with external courtesy and the appearance of nobility, in order to receive bribes. He did not disdain the opportunity to rob the state treasury while working on the commission for the construction of a state-owned house. He managed to secretly contact the smugglers and get “four hundred thousand in capital from this business.” He justified himself with the words: “Who yawns in office? “Everyone is buying.” The height of his resourcefulness, ingenuity and intelligence was the idea of ​​​​buying dead souls in order to put them in the guardianship council as living ones - and using the difference in price to create a new capital of about two hundred thousand, as Chichikov had calculated in advance.
More than once, circumstances threw Chichikov back, again into dirt and poverty. But Pavel Ivanovich, who managed to hide some of the money, found the strength to rise up and take new steps to move up.
“Who is he? So he’s a scoundrel?” - Gogol asks a question. And he himself answers: “It is most fair to call him: owner, acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything; because of him, deeds were carried out that the world calls not very pure.”
You read “Dead Souls” and you are amazed at how correctly N.V. Gogol reflected the morals of a businessman-entrepreneur. Gogol saw them in their infancy in the middle of the 19th century. They took root in the 20th century. And now they are bearing worthy fruits. His father’s instructions to young Chichikov become the “code of honor” of a modern entrepreneur.

The main character of Nikolai Gogol's immortal poem "" is Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov. He came from a poor family of nobles. His childhood was spent in a cramped and stuffy room, and his most vivid childhood memories were his father’s hoarse cough and his life instructions. Little Pavlusha had long forgotten many of them, but one was forever etched in his memory: “take care and save a penny.” These words ran like a red thread through the entire life of the protagonist and became the meaning of his life.

Chichikov began to fulfill his father’s behest from his school days. He sold cakes and buns to his hungry classmates. Pavel Ivanovich began training the mouse in order to later sell it at a higher price.

After graduation main character began his career as a minor official. Thanks to his ingenuity and intelligence, he managed to move up the career ladder. becomes a member of the commission for the construction of some city facility. During this time he manages to build his own house. True, after the change of leadership, all property was confiscated to the state. But this life circumstance did not break Chichikov. He gets a job at customs, where he colludes with smugglers. In a year he manages to earn a lot of money, even through criminal means.

The criminal schemes of the main character were made public, and it begins against him. trial. Chichikov manages to get out of this situation. He is again left without money, his reputation is completely tarnished.

Another person would probably have already broken down. But Chichikov was not like that. One can only take off one's hat to his tenacity and determination. Is born in his head new plan for enrichment - buying dead souls and applying for a bank loan on them. He goes to the city of "NN" to carry out his plan. But from here Chichikov is forced to flee so as not to become “the ruin of the former Chichikov.”

Thus, it is impossible to give an unambiguous answer to the question: did Chichikov fulfill his covenant? He devoted his entire life to the goal of getting rich, but life always brought him back. does not name the reasons for this outcome of events, he simply states a fact. According to the author, the soul of the main character needed revival. Most likely, life told Chichikov about his making the right choice, but the main character wanted to fulfill his father’s behest. In this situation, the father of the protagonist, on the one hand, is a life mentor, and on the other, a life executioner who does not leave Chichikov the right to self-determination.

210 years ago, on April 1, 1809, NIKOLAI VASILIEVICH GOGOL (surname at birth Yanovsky) was born - Russian prose writer, playwright, poet, critic, publicist, recognized as one of the classics of Russian literature. He came from an old noble family of the Gogol-Yanovskys. INTERESTING FACTS FROM THE LIFE OF THE GREAT RUSSIAN WRITER: Gogol had a passion for needlework. I knitted scarves, cut out dresses for my sisters, wove belts, and sewed scarves for myself for the summer. But what’s interesting is that neither literary scholars, nor historians, nor folklorists, nor researchers have ever been able to find any oral or, especially, written references to folk legends or fairy tales that would even remotely resemble the plot of “Viy” . All this gives reason to consider the story solely a figment of the imagination of the great mystifier and writer. last years his life. It is believed that when Gogol visited Rome in 1839, he contracted malaria. Despite the fact that over time the disease did subside, its consequences became fatal for the writer. It was not so much the physical torment as the complications that caused Gogol to have seizures, fainting, but most importantly, visions, which made his recovery difficult and lengthy.