What is the yield in a greenhouse with 1 m2. How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse all year round: care features to increase productivity. When is the best time to start a greenhouse business?

- 1. Seedlings
- 2. Vegetables
- 3. Flowers
- 4. Strawberry
- 5. Greens
How much can you earn
Tax system
Permissions to open

What What What is profitable to grow in a greenhouse? This question is asked by many beginning farmers and owners of private farms who want to succeed in the difficult greenhouse business. However, before talking about the profitability of a particular greenhouse plant, it is worth talking about back side question - expenses. Depending on the climatic conditions, the profitability of growing individual crops, and the greenhouse business in general, can differ dramatically. On some forums you can meet people who are eager to start a greenhouse business in the conditions of Siberia and the northern regions of the Russian Federation. Some enthusiasts even plan to carry out year-round production. Due to their inexperience, they still have no idea how much resources can be spent on maintaining a greenhouse.

The main disadvantage of the greenhouse business

The very first thing that can bring any greenhouse project into the red is heating the greenhouse. Heating a brick house and a polycarbonate greenhouse is not the same thing. For example, heating a house of 50 square meters. m. costs winter time at 2500 rubles/month, then a thin greenhouse of the same area will cost 5 - 10 times more. Even in the southern regions, farmers do not keep greenhouses all year round, and the season opens only in February - March. A similar arrangement goes with greenhouse lighting. Dim light like in an apartment definitely won’t work. Plants in the cold season need the same daylight hours as they receive in the warm season. The light must be bright, and this means very high energy costs. What can I say, even for growing tomatoes Additional light is needed on the windowsill. Someone may object: “Well, we will sell the product at a high price, look how much a tomato costs in February.” Prices that can be observed in grocery chains should not be a guide. Vegetables and herbs are sold in bulk at almost half the price shown on the shop window. This happens because retail has its own costs associated with logistics, markdowns, taxes, salesperson salaries, and so on. Do you want to trade without intermediaries, and in a wide variety of goods? Now this is not a problem at all, you can place your ad on Avito. Find out, how to get a stable income from ads, what is better to sell on the Internet and what is the best way to make money.

How much money do you need to start a successful business growing vegetables and plants in a greenhouse?

Worth considering! If a farmer does not have any experience in growing a particular crop, he will not be able to obtain the required volume of products and the losses will be enormous.

Of course, this does not mean that year-round cultivation in greenhouses in temperate climates is impossible. It is quite possible and there are many similar farms. But all such projects are very expensive big money and a small farmer, naturally, cannot afford it. Before starting any business, it is advisable to learn how to manage money. Think about your future today. Go money management marathon and learn about the secrets of rich people and where to invest money to receive stable passive income.

When is the best time to start a greenhouse business?

What can be concluded is that profitable greenhouse cultivation should be started with small volumes and before the opening of the season. The main task of the greenhouse is to obtain a harvest several weeks days earlier than a similar product appears on the market with summer cottages. Prices will still be very attractive, and demand will be high, so you can sell the product without any problems. A small greenhouse, firstly, will not bankrupt the farmer if he fails. And secondly, it will allow you to evaluate the market and make it clear whether this business is worth pursuing or not.

Greenhouse plant growing technology

So, let's move on directly to revealing the main question of our topic - which plants are most profitable to grow in a greenhouse? And here is our TOP 5 best greenhouse ideas.

1. Seedlings

Oddly enough, growing seedlings is one of the most profitable ideas for a greenhouse. In spring, the demand for seedlings is widespread - they are bought by both owners of summer cottages and home areas, as well as other farms specializing in crop production. There can be a lot of options here. Take, for example, strawberry seedlings. Even in the fall, you can make preparations of frigo seedlings (for more details about frigo seedlings, read the article “ Strawberry business - 4 ways to grow strawberries profitably"), and in the spring, plant these seedlings in a greenhouse and sell them over several months. Up to several hundred roots can be safely placed on one square meter. The retail price of one bush, depending on the variety, ranges from 50 to 100 rubles. We sold 10,000 roots and earned over 500 thousand rubles. To be convinced of the real demand for strawberry seedlings, just look at the statistics of Yandex search queries. Thus, according to Wordstat data, the phrase “buy strawberry seedlings” is searched about 18,000 times in April alone. Of these, Moscow accounts for just over 4,000 requests. This suggests that seedlings can be sold not only through markets and nurseries, but also via the Internet.

The same can be said about seedlings of flowers (petunias), tomatoes, cabbage. The demand is colossal.

2. Vegetables

Cucumbers and tomatoes are the most proven greenhouse crops. Vegetables are bought always and everywhere, regardless of the crisis. The big advantage of cucumbers is that they can be stored for quite a long time. Harvest can be stored for weeks, although fresh cucumber sells out very quickly. Especially if it is grown in the same region where it is sold. Productivity greenhouse cucumbers and tomatoes, with proper technology, amount to 30 - 45 kg per square meter. m. Greenhouse for 300 sq. m. can bring up to 12 tons of vegetables per season. In 2016, in the month of May, cucumbers in our stores (Ulyanovsk) cost an average of 80 rubles/kg. If for some reason it is not possible to come to an agreement with vegetable kiosks and grocery stores, then you can sell the goods on your own without any problems. If the farm has a spacious car, then you can simply stand by the road with good car traffic, hang up a sign “vegetables from private household plots”, indicate a price tag slightly lower than store prices and there will be no end to customers. You can distribute business cards to each buyer and soon you will be selling products directly from your greenhouse plot.

3. Flowers

A slightly more complex and rather southern version of the greenhouse business is the idea of \u200b\u200bgrowing cut flowers. The primary task in in this case get the main harvest by the March and then May holidays. How much can you earn here? So, modern technologies Growing roses allows you to get up to 250 cuts per year from one bush. Up to 4 bushes can grow freely on one square meter. That is, from 1 sq. m. 1000 sections are collected per year. Greenhouse for 100 sq. m. will allow you to grow up to 100 thousand sections! The average wholesale price for one rose cut is 40 rubles. By simple calculation, we get annual revenue of 4 million rubles. This is a lot of money, and even taking into account the high costs of maintaining a greenhouse, the profit remains high. There are, however, several serious pitfalls that hinder the widespread development of this business. Firstly, flowers, and especially roses, are very capricious and require special care. Small deviations from the norm - the flowers turn out to be frail and not marketable. Secondly, the costs of creating greenhouse conditions for growing flowers are slightly higher than in the case of vegetables. Finally, thirdly - sales! Flowers today are grown by more and more farmers, and the lion's share of the goods comes from abroad. The competition is extremely high and not everyone can survive in it.

4. Strawberry

In more southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Kuban), growing strawberries in a greenhouse is quite common. Today there are several effective strawberry growing technologies in greenhouses: Dutch and Israeli technology, vertical beds (trukars), growing frigo seedlings, hydroponics. For some of them, it is possible to achieve a yield of 30 tons per hectare. In the south, fresh strawberries can be seen on the shelves as early as May. But in the central and Volga regions, finding locally produced early strawberries is not an easy task. This happens due to the fact that the berry has an extremely short shelf life (only 2 days) - it simply does not reach solvent buyers in the northern regions. And the one that arrives, as a rule, is prohibitively expensive and doesn’t really look like a berry. On May 25, I decided to “monitor” the prices for strawberries in our city (Volga region) and somehow found a berry on sale, which, surprisingly, was delivered from Uzbekistan. Price - 350 rubles/kg! And surprisingly, people took it. What can we conclude - at such prices, growing strawberries in a greenhouse, even in a temperate climate, looks like a very promising idea. You can start small - with a greenhouse of 50-100 square meters. m. Even with primitive technology using drip irrigation and agrofibre, you can get a good harvest 10 - 12 days earlier than the summer berries. And this will be enough to sell strawberries at a high price. Even 200 rub. per kilogram will allow you to gain profit. When will people see imported berries for 350 rubles? and local for 200 rub. their choice will be obvious.

5. Greens

It may be a profitable business growing greens in the greenhouse. First of all, these are: onions, lettuce, parsley, dill, cilantro, basil and sage. The big advantage of greens is that, unlike other greenhouse crops, the period from sowing to harvest is the shortest here. So, onions, spinach and parsley can be obtained within 30 - 35 days after sowing. The yield with hydroponics technology can be up to 6 kg per 1 sq. m. And the price per kilogram, as you know, reaches 200 rubles in the spring. per kg. In just three to four months, you can harvest up to three harvests. Another advantage of growing greens is the cost of planting material. They are essentially “penny”, unlike strawberries or flowers. The only difficulty that will certainly await any entrepreneur is the sale of products. You won’t be able to get into retail chains, the volumes are wrong, and the entry price may not be profitable. Many farmers find a way out by selling greens to public catering establishments: cafes, restaurants and canteens. Such organizations are always happy to cooperate, since in their activities they are constantly faced with the problem of supplying ingredients.

How much can you earn

In this type of business, it is difficult to calculate income, since some individual entrepreneurs already have greenhouses, while others will make investments in their construction, and income also depends on the size of the greenhouse. A sample business plan would look like this. To grow seedlings you need:

Greenhouse (film or made of polycarbonate), area 18 sq.m. If you grow seedlings in two tiered boxes, then the usable area doubles and is 36 sq.m. This area yields 7,500 cups of seedlings. The cost of one cup of seedlings ranges from 8 to 15 rubles, depending on the region. Thus, 7,500 glasses of at least 8 rubles will bring an income of 60,000 rubles.
Purchase of varietal seeds and bulbs with a germination rate of up to 80%. The cost of one seed is approximately 12 kopecks per piece. For growing 7,500 pcs. 9,000 seedlings need to be purchased. seeds, 1,080 rubles will be spent on this.
Purchase of soil for cups, approximately 10 cubic meters. will be 8,000 rubles.
The cost of 1 glass is 1.8 rubles, in total you will need 13,500 rubles.
Heating a greenhouse during the period of seedling growth will cost 2,000 rubles.

Total expenses will be: 1,080+8,000+13,500+2,000= 24,580 rubles. Net profit will be 35,420 rubles. (For more details, read the article “ Greenhouse business plan") Which OKVED should I indicate for the purpose of registering OKVED 2 Section A: agriculture, forestry, fishing and fish farming. OKVED 2 01 Plant and animal husbandry, hunting and the provision of related services in these areas. OKVED 2 01.3 Growing seedlings OKVED 2 01.30 Growing seedlings

What documents are needed to open

This business will require a package of documents related to agricultural production activities and retail trade. It is necessary to register a business entity: it can be an individual entrepreneur or a collective farming enterprise. Prepared documents must be submitted to the authorities state power or to multifunctional public service centers (MFCs).

Tax system

This business relates to the production of agricultural products, therefore a taxation system for agricultural producers, the so-called single agricultural tax, is applied. (ESKHN). The main condition of this tax is that the revenue from the sale of these products is at least 70% of the total revenue, and also that the enterprise must be engaged in the production of agricultural products, and not in their sale. The Unified Agricultural Tax is calculated as follows: StxB, where St is the tax rate, B is the tax base. The tax rate is 6%, and the tax base is calculated from income received in reporting period, minus expenses.

Professional business plans on the topic:

Farm business plan (14 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Plant nursery business plan (25 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇
Business plan for growing potatoes (15 sheets) - DOWNLOAD ⬇

Permissions to open

For this type of activity, the seedling seller must obtain sanitary phytocertification. You can get it from the sanitary inspection. It is also necessary to register the enterprise with government authorities, register with the tax office as an agricultural producer, purchase land or enter into a lease agreement. In fact, there are still a huge number of ways to get rich. The author of this blog writes in great detail about these methods in article about investment methods and starting a business.

The article presents detailed instructions on the organization of compact greenhouse farming, which includes the selection of greenhouses and equipment, as well as their comparative analysis, three-rotation agricultural technology for growing cucumbers and methods of selling products.

The essence of such a business idea is as follows: we buy greenhouses and equipment, install them on a plot of land with an area of 500 m² (5 acres), establish year-round cultivation of cucumbers, and at the end we receive up to 37 tons of fresh vegetables.

Why greenhouse cucumbers?

The idea of growing vegetables indoors and then selling them is far from new and, at first glance, has no prospects. This is partly confirmed by research from the consulting company “Growth Technologies”, according to which the domestic market for protected soil products is not experiencing better times. But it is precisely these circumstances that create for small entrepreneurs practically ideal conditions for doing business.

Firstly, all large greenhouse farms, due to the impossibility of replacing old greenhouse complexes with new ones, are forced to close them. For example, in the Moscow region alone, since 2000, there has been an annual reduction in the area of protected ground by 20-25 hectares, which creates demonopolization of the market and all the prerequisites for healthy competition.
Secondly, fresh cucumbers that retain their flavor have always been in high demand among the population, which cannot be said about imported products, where vegetables are packaged unripe for transportation. In addition, the ever-increasing interest of Russians in healthy image life and food, allow us to confidently assert that the need for “living vitamins” in winter will only increase every year.
Third, anyone can organize their own small but extremely profitable greenhouse farm. To do this, you do not need to be the owner of huge land, because a small plot of land for greenhouses (from 6 to 15 acres) can be rented completely free of charge in any convenient rural settlement.

Organizational and legal forms of doing business

Personal subsidiary plot (LPH)

Personal subsidiary farming for entrepreneurs starting similar activities is best option. And not only because the owner of a private household plot is completely exempt from paying taxes. According to federal law dated July 7, 2003 No. 112-FZ Art. 2 Mon. 4, any sold products produced while running a subsidiary farm do not relate to entrepreneurial activity.

Note. To sell fresh vegetables through a chain of grocery stores, owners of private household plots do not need to collect any permits, certificates or regulations. It is enough to confirm the origin of the products being sold with a certificate from the local government and conclude a simple purchase and sale agreement in the form of a regular receipt.

This is an interesting legal paradox. You can grow tens of tons of cucumbers, earn millions of rubles, and this will not be regarded as entrepreneurial activity.

To obtain the status of owner of a private household plot, it is enough to own or lease a plot of agricultural land with an area of no more than 2 hectares. And a certificate from the local government that such a plot is available and that vegetables are grown on it.

Individual Entrepreneur

Registration individual as an individual entrepreneur, it is optimal in the case when the planned volume of agricultural production is quite impressive and for its implementation it is necessary to create a large retail sales network. As mentioned above, the Russian consumer prefers domestic cucumbers to imported ones, and to prove their origin they need a sticker on the packaging or a certificate along with a declaration of conformity. And such papers are issued either by individual entrepreneurs or legal entity.

Peasant farm (peasant farm)

Peasant farming is perfect for partner business. The legal form of a peasant farm is very similar to an LLP (limited liability partnership), but is a more simplified version. Peasant farm owners receive a number of tax benefits and can count on government subsidies, and all decisions they make have legal force.

Which form of taxation should I choose?

If the business activity was registered as an individual entrepreneur or peasant farm, then it is better to choose the Unified Agricultural Tax for paying taxes. The Unified Agricultural Tax exempts the owner of an enterprise from paying property tax, profit tax and VAT. The tax rate is 6% and is deducted from net income. In the event of a loss-making year, for example, cucumbers burn or freeze, such expenses are taken into account in the current tax base.

The OKVED code for growing vegetables in any type of soil is 01.12.1.

Important! Vegetables grown in a certain region of the Russian Federation, for the purpose of their subsequent sale in the same region, do not require mandatory certification or a declaration of conformity. In the case of transporting vegetables to another region of the Russian Federation, region or country, a certificate and declaration of conformity for these products is required. For more detailed information on obtaining such documents, it is better to contact your local office of Rosselkhoznadzor.

Equipment selection

Greenhouses

For many vegetable growers, the phrase “greenhouse farming” is associated with huge greenhouse complexes, the construction of which requires multimillion-dollar investments. And in most cases, this circumstance was a deterrent for small entrepreneurs. It was until 10-15 years ago when new technologies were introduced into the industry: durable polycarbonate and lightweight metal structures for greenhouses. Thanks to this, a novice businessman, relying on his real capabilities, can create his own greenhouse farm in the shortest possible time and make a profit almost immediately.

The advantages of KChM-5k-03M are obvious:

Works on any type of solid fuel, which is many times cheaper than electric and gas coolants.
At the request of the customer, it is equipped with burners different types: for gas or automotive waste.
The heated area of the room is 210 m², which is optimal for industrial greenhouses of the “Farmer” type.
High heat transfer from the outer walls of the boiler allows you to quickly warm up the cooled vestibule of the greenhouse, including the tank for automatic watering.

However, it is impossible to solve the problem of heating a greenhouse using a boiler and a water heating system, since the layer of fertile soil also needs to be heated. Previously, water or air heated pipes were used for this purpose, but this approach increased the risk of soil overheating and, as a result, led to the death of plants. Now, with the advent of “warm floor” technology, warming up the soil in a greenhouse has become much easier and safer.

The soil heating kit Green Box Agro 14 GBA-1480 copes well with this task. The kit is designed for 15 m² of useful greenhouse area, is capable of creating an optimal temperature regime for the underground parts of plants and is practically not subject to mechanical stress. Equipped with a moisture-resistant thermostat.

Lighting and watering plants

Despite the fact that many parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids have now been bred that are capable of producing fruit in conditions of high shade, they still need artificial lighting, especially in winter months. And for complete illumination of greenhouse cucumbers, it is better to use not ordinary fluorescent lamps, but LED ones.

LED bulbs, for example, like Led grow light 90w UFO, have spectral characteristics completely identical to sunlight, ensuring the normal process of photosynthesis in plants. Thanks to such lamps, you can save up to 60% of electricity for greenhouse lighting, and their service life is truly impressive, amounting to at least 50 thousand hours. In addition, LED lamps do not heat up at all and do not require cooling, unlike their similar sodium counterparts.

Caring for greenhouse cucumbers takes a lot of effort and time from the vegetable grower, especially when it comes to timely watering. And, naturally, when several hundred square meters of land are occupied under greenhouses, watering cucumbers with a hand watering can will be labor-intensive and ineffective. To solve this problem and mechanize greenhouse farming as much as possible, it is recommended to use automatic plant watering systems, which include the Kapel drip irrigation system.

The Kapel automatic watering system is easy to maintain and its operating principle is elementary: a water container of a given volume is installed in the vestibule of the greenhouse, hoses and an electronic sensor for water supply to the beds are connected to it. If possible, water-soluble fertilizers can be added to the container, which dramatically increases the yield of cucumbers.

Table 1. List of greenhouse models and equipment for organizing greenhouse farming of any size.

Name of equipment	Purpose of the equipment	Cost in rub. for 1 piece or 1m²
Greenhouse "Novator-Premium"
Greenhouse “According to Mittleider”	Growing vegetables in protected soil
Greenhouse "Farmer"	Growing vegetables in protected soil
Green Box Agro 14 GBA-1480	Heating the soil in a greenhouse
Boiler KChM-5k-03M	Greenhouse heating
LED lamp grow light 90w UFO	Artificial plant lighting
Automatic watering system "Kapel"	Rational watering of plants.

Table 2. List of equipment for greenhouse farming with an area of 500 m² based on industrial greenhouses "Farmer".

Note. The price of 1 m² of greenhouse includes a metal frame and polycarbonate covering best quality.

How to get 90 kg of cucumbers from 1 m² of greenhouse?

Achieving such high yields is not difficult. To do this, you need to use a three-rotation technique for growing cucumbers, where two harvests occur in the autumn-winter-spring months, and one harvest in the summer. It is in the summer harvest of cucumbers that one of the most important key points of this business idea lies.

Firstly, growing cucumbers in a greenhouse in the summer does not require heating or lighting, which means that the cost of production will be very low.
Secondly, the vegetable grower controls the entire process and is completely independent of external weather conditions. That is, the plants receive timely watering, the recommended amount of fertilizers, the air and soil temperatures correspond to the norms, they are easy to care for, etc.
Third, all profits received from the sale of the summer harvest will fully (!) cover future costs of heating and lighting the greenhouse in the autumn-winter period.

Case Study. So, we have 420 m² of greenhouse land planted with cucumbers, where fruiting dates begin from June 20. to 20.09. During this time, 25 kg of cucumbers were removed from 1 m² of greenhouse beds and sold at the lowest wholesale price - 20 rubles. per kg. As a result, the total harvest was approximately 10 thousand kg and the owner of the greenhouse farm earned about 250 thousand rubles. This amount is quite enough to stock up on solid fuel and pay electricity bills.

Selection of varietal cucumbers

For growing and obtaining stable fruiting of cucumbers in a greenhouse, parthenocarpic hybrids are best suited.

Reference. Parthenocarpic cucumber is a hybrid variety that can form ovaries without pollination. At the same time, you should not confuse self-pollinating varieties with parthenocarpic ones, since the process of fruit formation is different for them. In addition, parthenocarpic vegetables grow without seeds.

As for choosing a specific variety, it is better to contact a local seed station or seed institute. In this case, the risk of purchasing a fake is practically eliminated. There you can also get all the information about the cultivation of parthenocarpic hybrids.

Table 3. Economic benefits of growing parthenocarpic cucumber in 3 turns.

Greenhouse installation and maintenance

How to establish stable sales channels for products?

Based on the above figures, per year one greenhouse farm with an area of 500 m² receives 37 tons of fresh cucumbers, which is just over 3 tons of vegetable products per month. Naturally, such a considerable volume of vegetables needs to be sold as quickly as possible, and here you need to use several sales channels at once:

Wholesale bases.
Indoor vegetable markets.
Chain of grocery stores.
Intermediary companies between wholesale warehouses and grocery stores.
Direct sales of products from the place of production.

Of course, all these distribution channels have their advantages and disadvantages regarding the final cost of greenhouse cucumbers, volumes of sold batches, etc. However, in order to establish them and not suffer losses from overproduction in the future, it is necessary to create a stable distribution network several months before the mass harvest. That is, agree in advance with the owners of retail outlets, discuss conditions, prices, size of supplied lots, and conclude oral or written agreements. In this case, the problem of selling greenhouse cucumbers will be completely solved.

Feasibility studies for starting a business

Capital investments

Components for the construction of greenhouses with an area of 420 m²: 640.5 thousand rubles.
Soil heating kits: 121.8 thousand rubles.
Boilers for heating greenhouses: 69.9 thousand rubles.
LED lamps: 579.6 thousand rubles.
Automatic watering systems: 30.5 thousand rubles.
Transport costs: 60 thousand rubles.
Other expenses (purchase of seeds, fertilizers, pipes, electrical wiring, etc.): 150 thousand rubles.
Total: 1,649,000 rubles.

How much can you earn?

Revenue calculation:

Cucumber production per year: 37 tons.
average cost for 1 kg: 60 rub.
Revenue for the year: 2,220,000 rubles.

Annual expenses:

Solid fuel (coal, firewood): 145 thousand rubles.
Electricity: 16 thousand rubles.
Cucumber seeds: 17 thousand rubles.
Fertilizers and processing agents: 20 thousand rubles.
Total: 198 thousand rubles.

Profit calculation:

Profit= 2,220,000 rub. - 198,000 rub. = 2,022,000 rub. *

* The amount of profitability of an activity is according to the expert opinion of the author of the article and is of a conditional nature, presented for the reader’s understanding of how profitability is calculated (note from Moneymaker Factory).

The climatic conditions of some regions and unfavorable environmental background negatively affect the development of cucumbers. As a result of the influence of external factors, there is low seed germination, a shortening of the fruiting period, and a decrease in the taste of the fruit. For these reasons and to obtain an early harvest, gardeners grow the crop in greenhouse conditions. You can increase the yield of cucumbers per square meter by planting plants in a greenhouse.

Greenhouse conditions for plants are the most acceptable: the desired temperature regime and a high degree of air humidity are created. Cucumbers react very positively to both factors, making it easy to harvest a good harvest. In addition, there are many advantages this method cultivation:

the ability to enrich the soil composition with nutrients or completely replace it;
limit the access of precipitation to the garden bed;
reduce the risk of plant infection;
obtaining an early harvest and extending the fruiting period;
control of irrigation (amount of liquid and its temperature);
competent introduction of fertilizing.

When using greenhouse growing technology, it is important to choose suitable varieties. Among the existing ones there are many that are not suitable for greenhouses.

You need to prepare the greenhouse for planting in the fall. The surfaces of the structure are washed and treated with lime mortar for disinfection. The soil is fertilized and covered with a thick layer of mulch. In the spring, after cleaning the soil and walls, the soil is enriched with organic matter (manure, humus).

Planting is done in rows to make it easier to tie the vines to the trellises. 3 bushes are planted per square meter. The interval between the rows is at least 50 cm, so that it is convenient to move along the beds.

Productivity largely depends on the selected variety and type of greenhouse. Among the most prolific varieties are the following varieties:

Tumi - up to 11 kg per bush;
Amur F1 – from 30 to 50 kg per m2;
Herman F1 – up to 25 kg per m2;
Prestige F1 – up to 28 kg per m2;
Ecole F1 – up to 9 kg per bush.

Cucumber yield

Correct ways to store fresh cucumbers

Growing a good harvest is half the battle. It is important to save it for use fresh and conservation. There are many proven and new technologies that can be adopted. How long cucumbers can be stored depends on the storage conditions.

To ensure that cucumbers retain their presentation and taste longer, it is recommended to use the refrigerator. Knowing some rules and techniques will allow you to enjoy the aroma and freshness of greens from 3 days to a month and achieve an increase in shelf life.

Vegetable tray

The fruits do not change their quality for about 3 days if they are placed in a vegetable tray. There is no need for special training.

In a plastic bag

The fruits remain edible for up to 10 days if they are placed in a plastic bag and covered with damp gauze. The packaging should be left open for air circulation.

In paper towels

If you wrap each green with a paper towel and place it in a plastic bag without closing it at the top, the shelf life increases to 2 weeks.

In a tray with water

Cucumbers will stay firm and fresh for up to 3-4 weeks when stored in a tray of water. To do this, 1-2 cm of liquid is drawn into the container. All fruits are placed vertically in it with their tails down. The tray itself fits into the vegetable compartment. The water needs to be changed every 2-3 days.

In egg white

You can extend the shelf life of cucumbers to 1 month using egg white. To do this, you will need to prepare the fruits - wash and dry with a paper towel. While the vegetables are dried naturally, you need to separate the white from the yolk and beat it a little with a whisk. Then each cucumber needs to be soaked and dried on a wire rack. The resulting protein film prevents the evaporation of moisture, as a result of which the greens are stored for a long time (at least a month) in the vegetable tray of the refrigerator.

Cucumbers in the refrigerator

How to preserve cucumber at home

There are enough methods for storing cucumbers indoors.

In a cardboard box

The shortest period (2-3 days) provides cardboard box or wooden box. The harvested crop is carefully placed in containers and placed in a room with a temperature of at least 10-15°.

In damp cloth

Greens remain fresh for about a week if they are wrapped in a damp cloth and placed in a cool room with a temperature of 6-7°. Where it is important to prevent the fabric from drying out so as not to disturb the humidity regime.

Regardless of the method used, it is necessary to inspect vegetables every 3 days and remove damaged specimens.

Storing cucumbers indoors

Basic mistakes when storing crops

The home method of storing cucumbers has its own nuances. They came up with all kinds of ways to increase the shelf life of cucumbers, while making the most serious mistakes. Among the most incorrect pieces of advice, the following stand out.

Packing the fruits in cellophane where there is no air access to the cucumbers. With such storage, a microenvironment quickly forms, which leads to the spread of rot.
Filling a vegetable tray or container with cucumbers and other fresh fruits and vegetables that emit ethylene. The substance provokes biochemical processes that accelerate the overripening of greens.
You cannot leave containers with cucumbers in a lit room. Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, the skin changes color and yellowness appears.
Fruits should only be placed in boxes or boxes when they are dry. If the harvest took place during the rain, then you need to give it time to dry. Wet cucumbers quickly wither and rot.
Before preparing the fruits for storage, they are kept for several days at room temperature. This is a mistake; the picked fruits should be prepared as quickly as possible and sent to the refrigerator or cellar.

Proper storage of cucumbers

Building a greenhouse is not at all difficult, since the choice of materials allows you to choose the optimal design option. For residents of regions with harsh climates, growing any crop is quite problematic, but greenhouse conditions allow them to replenish their diet with fresh vegetables for 4-6 months. Proper storage will extend the period of replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals, which cucumber is rich in.

What gardener doesn’t want to get a good harvest from his plot? In order to increase the number of cucumbers grown indoors, you need not only good plant care, but also the right choice of crop variety. IN Lately There are a lot of seeds sold in stores, and it is very difficult for a novice vegetable grower to decide. Let's look at the main high-yielding time-tested cucumber hybrids.

Often, when purchasing seeds, gardeners are guided by the yield that the manufacturer stated on the packaging. But you should understand that the number on the bag is conditional. The fact is that the agricultural company actually creates optimally favorable conditions for the growth and fruiting of the crop, which is not always possible to do summer cottage. Let's compare the yields of the most popular varieties:

Name	Productivity from 1 m 2 kg	Productivity per hundred kg	Productivity per ha
Bochkova	10,5	1050	1050
Alligator	9,4	940	940
Timi	11	1100	1100
Friendly family	10,3	1030	1030
Amur	30-50	3000-5000	3000-5000
Prestige	28	2800	2800
Courage	16	1600	1600
Hermann	25	2500	2500
Northern lights	29,3	2930	2930

As can be seen from the table above, the yield different varieties very much different. This indicator directly depends on genetics, which determines the length of the main stem and additional lashes, and the number of female inflorescences in each node. The work of breeders in our time is aimed at breeding hybrids of the bunch type of flowering, therefore the yield of such hybrids is much higher than simple varieties.

High-yielding greenhouse varieties of cucumbers resistant to diseases

To get a good harvest, it is not enough to plant high-yielding hybrids, since often common diseases and infections can reduce all attempts to get a lot of fruit to a minimum. Therefore, when choosing seed material, you need to pay attention to the resistance of the variety to common diseases. Let's look at the most popular ones:

Murashka F1

An early ripening variety that will delight you with cucumbers 45 days after sowing the seeds in the greenhouse. It is a parthenocarpic hybrid that does not require insects for pollination. The variety blooms in bunches, and as a result, high yield. The hybrid is resistant to many types of diseases. A fruit with good taste - universal.

Tom Thumb

An early ripening variety, the fruiting period begins on the 38th day, with a female type of flowering. The fruits are small, weighing no more than 60 g; this variety is ideal for any type of greenhouse and produces a consistent and good harvest. Resistant to diseases and viruses.

Benefit F1

An early ripening, self-pollinating hybrid, capable of producing a healthy harvest within 45 days. These versatile cucumbers taste very good without natural bitterness. The advantage is that the plant practically does not suffer from diseases common to this crop.

Alekseich F1

An early-ripening crop with an average bush height. The hybrid is parthenocarpic, with independent pollination. Resistant to diseases, not susceptible to viral infections. It is characterized by high productivity when grown indoors.

Emelya F1

Universal hybrid, early ripening, self-pollinating, heat-loving. It is worth noting that this variety has unlimited growth of the main stem, so it is necessary to form a bush to increase yield. Resistant to diseases. The hybrid yields its harvest in unison; during the active growing season, harvesting is carried out daily.

How to increase the yield of cucumbers in a greenhouse

So how to get big harvest cucumbers in the greenhouse? To harvest a good harvest of cucumbers from a greenhouse, you need to follow certain rules for caring for the plant - timely pruning, watering and fertilizing.

The bush is formed as follows:

Parthenocarpic varieties form into one lash, removing not only shoots, but also flowers up to the fourth true leaf. Then, layering is formed in four sinuses up to the first ovary, and pinching is performed. In the next 4 internodes, layering is formed up to the second ovary. And then the layering is pinched after the third ovary.
Bee-pollinated species cucumbers are formed into several layers, since the main harvest can only be harvested from additional shoots. To do this, after the sixth true leaf, the top of the plant is cut off. After this, they begin to form a bush from side lashes, avoiding thickening.

What type of cucumber do you prefer?

ParthenocarpicBee pollinated

Fertilizing is another important factor that greatly affects the yield of crops in greenhouses. Usually three feedings are carried out over the summer, but when growing hybrids with a long growing season, at least 4 of them will be required:

14 days after planting in the greenhouse;
as soon as the lashes begin to gain color;
at the moment of formation of greens;
during the main fruiting period.

It is worth noting that mulching the soil will help increase the yield of cucumbers in a greenhouse. Mulch helps retain moisture, prevents the growth of weeds, and provides additional nutrition for plants.

The plant itself will tell you what fertilizer it needs. this moment. If the following symptoms appear:

little formation of lashes, the plant grows very slowly;

on the main stem the lower leaves turn yellow and fall off;

there are few flowers and ovaries, and the formed cucumbers are small and not juicy.

Your crop is signaling a nitrogen deficiency. And also you should pay attention:

The leaves turn red or acquire a bluish tint, this indicates that it is time to apply phosphorus-containing fertilizers.
The leaves have darkened greatly and a yellow border has appeared. At the same time, the fruits are watery and bitter, and the side shoots are strongly elongated without forming ovaries; it’s time to add potassium to the soil.
Calcium deficiency can be identified by the unsightly and sometimes ugly shape of the fruit.

If you carefully observe the crop planted in the greenhouse, you will be able to immediately understand what to feed the cucumbers at the moment.

If you do not have the opportunity to constantly be on the site and care for the plants, then equip a simple drip irrigation system in the greenhouse. To do this, take a plastic bottle, cut off the bottom, and make several holes in the lid. Then the bottle is dropped onto the cucumber bush. Fill a bottle with water, and you can safely not appear on the site for several days.

To increase productivity, many gardeners water cucumbers at the root with milk. To do this, add 2 liters of milk to 10 liters of heated water. Such watering promotes good flowering and fruit formation.

Video

You can also watch a video where an agronomist will tell you how to determine the number of cucumber fruits from one bush.

As we see, not only from good care The yield of cucumbers depends. But if you're just starting out in vegetable gardening, it's helpful to understand what you need to buy good seeds, properly prepare them for planting. Sow the planting material in fertile soil and monitor the growth and development of the plant.

It is worth noting that if you do not stay on the site and collect greens every day during abundant fruiting, you will not see high yields.

All around the perimeter thermal insulation must be installed made of expanded clay to protect plants during periods of severe, prolonged cold. Frame lintels must be positioned longitudinally at a distance of 75–90 cm from each other. This design will help avoid damage to the walls during heavy snowfalls.

A greenhouse for growing tomatoes all year round should not just sit on the ground! Its recommended install on a wooden platform from thick beams. In addition, you need to do concrete base, on top of which lay foam. IN otherwise plants can freeze when the soil gets too cold.

The greenhouse must be equipped with good lighting and heating. For illumination usually sodium and fluorescent lamps . How to find it on site, read on our website.

In the fall, the room needs to be prepared:

Clean the greenhouse from dirt and debris.
Check all electrical appliances, plumbing system, troubleshoot and return to working order.
All disinfect surfaces potassium permanganate solution. You can fumigate the room with sulfur bombs.

Suitable varieties

When choosing varieties, you should give preference to those that meet certain requirements:

indeterminateness. The bushes can be allowed to grow upward, making maximum use of the area of the room;
high productivity;
early and very early dates fruit ripening;
excellent taste properties;
high resistance to various diseases and attacks by harmful insects;
long keeping quality.

These varieties include: tomato tree Sprut, Malyshok, Annabelle, Dobrun, Flamenco, Pink Flamingo, Junior, Samara, Yantarny, Hurricane.

Hurricane- high-yielding, early-ripening variety. It is universal in use, has excellent taste properties and a high content of vitamin C.

Amber- an ultra-early ripening, productive variety, very resistant to late blight and macrosporosis (see photo below).

Samara- indeterminate early ripening hybrid variety. Universal use, high resistance to most diseases (see photo below).

Junior- ultra-early ripening, super-determinate hybrid. It is distinguished by strong resistance to many diseases and excellent taste of the fruit.

Pink flamingo- early ripening, indeterminate variety. Produces very tasty and shelf-stable tomatoes. The shelf life is about 60–70 days (see photo below).

Flamenco- early maturing, semi-determinate hybrid. The fruits are used universally, the taste properties are excellent, and the yield is high. In addition, the variety is resistant to most diseases.

Dobrun- a hybrid indeterminate variety with high disease resistance and excellent keeping quality.

Octopus- a unique variety of tomatoes that are grown on a tree. It has phenomenal productivity (see photo below).

Annabelle- indeterminate high-yielding hybrid. Very resistant to a whole range of diseases and root-knot nematodes.

Baby- an early ripening super-determinate variety, intended only for cultivation in a greenhouse. The hybrid is distinguished by its genetic resistance to diseases.

Soil preparation

Before planting seedlings, the soil can be replaced with new soil or the old one can be disinfected. For this a solution of potassium permanganate is used medium concentration. They thoroughly pour over the entire soil.

After the soil dries, it is recommended to dig it up. At the same time, compost is added in an amount 1.5–2 buckets per square meter area. It can be replaced by a family of Californian worms. Their activity will improve the porosity of the soil and regularly enrich it with vermicompost.

It is also advisable to improve the soil with mineral fertilizers. For this, the following complex is being prepared:

copper sulfate (5g);
potassium magnesia (50g);
ferrous sulfate (5g);
potassium chloride (30g);
double superphosphate (50g).

Features of care

How to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter? Young sprouts are moved to the greenhouse only after they reach a height of 18–21 cm. Before this, they fed several times a mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. In greenhouses, it is most convenient to use the strip planting method.

The distance between the ribbons should be at least 80 cm, between plants about 55–65 cm. It is recommended to tie a rope or wire along the ribbon of planted bushes so that the seedlings grow vertically. As they grow, they form regular bushes, carrying out timely stepsoning.

Indeterminate varieties are made in one shoot, the rest - in two. The tops of all excess stems are plucked off. It is also recommended to remove all lower foliage.

The optimal soil temperature is about 19ºC, air temperature is 23ºC–26ºC. It is better to water before lunch, moistening the soil as it dries. At constant shortage moisture stops the development of bushes, the ovaries and inflorescences begin to fall off. Loosening of the soil between the tapes and under the bushes is carried out regularly throughout the entire life of the plants.

When growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter, it is necessary to fertilize. Without the constant addition of mineral complexes to the soil, plants will stop bearing fruit and fully developing.

Feed bushes desirable every 13–15 days. To do this, use a mixture of ammonium nitrate (15g), superphosphate (40g) and potassium salt (20g).

Before the formation of inflorescences, a 0.6% concentration of the working solution is used, and then it is increased to 1%. Consumption rate - bucket of mortar per square meter r soil. To ensure normal photosynthesis under artificial conditions, open containers filled with a mixture of mullein and water must be placed in the greenhouse. This will enrich the air with carbon dioxide, necessary for the process of photosynthesis.

When grown in open ground The inflorescences are pollinated by bees. There are none in the greenhouse, so pollination have to produce independently. To do this, each tassel with flowers is lightly shaken, and then gently watered from above from a watering can.

Productivity

Tomato productivity in a greenhouse from 1 square meter per year, can average 50...55 kg.

With proper maintenance and creation of the most suitable conditions for plants from one bush you can collect from 11 to 24–26 kg of fruits. This figure varies depending on the variety.

The process of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter is more complicated than just in open soil. This requires financial investments and high physical costs. But you can achieve amazing results!

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