There are two forms of the future tense in German: Futur I (Fut.I) and Futur II (Fut.II).

Education Fut. I

Futur(um) is formed by the auxiliary verb (verb) werden in Präsens and the Infinitiv I of the main verb. :

In Futurum verb. werden is the variable part of the predicate, Infinitiv is the unchangeable part.

Verb conjugation example:

ich werde gut studieren

du wirst...studieren

er, sie, es wird… studieren

wir werden... studieren

ihr werdet … studieren

sie werden studieren

If the main verb is reflexive, then the reflexive pronoun is placed after the auxiliary verb:

sich erholen - to rest

ich werde mich gut erholen

du wirst dich...erholen

er, sie, es wird sich… erholen

wir werden uns… erholen

ihr werdet euch…erholen

sie werden sich… erholen

If verb. with a separable prefix, then in the infinitive the separable prefix is ​​written together:

Ich werde am Konzert teilnehmen. I will take part in the concert.

Infinitive of the main verb. stands in affirmative and interrogative sentences last :

Er wird morgen einen Vortrag halten. He will read the report tomorrow.

Wer wird morgen einen Vortrag halten? Who will read the report tomorrow?

Wird er morgen einen Vortrag halten? Will he read the report tomorrow?

Pay attention to the word order in sentences if the main verb is. is a reflexive verb:

Sie werden sich in diesem Jahr 2 Monate erholen. (the reflexive pronoun is placed after the auxiliary verb!)

In diesem Sommer werden sich die Studenten 2 Monate erholen. (in reverse word order, if the subject is expressed by a noun, the reflexive pronoun is also placed after the auxiliary verb before the subject!)

In diesem Sommer werden sie sich 2 Monate erholen. (in reverse word order, if the subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, the reflexive pronoun is placed after it!)

Wird sich dieser Student am Konzert teilnehmen? (in an interrogative sentence without a question word, the reflexive pronoun is placed after the auxiliary verb if the subject is expressed by a noun)

Wird er sich am Konzert teilnehmen? (if the subject is expressed by a pronoun, then the reflexive pronoun is placed after the subject)

Using Fut.I

1. Fut.I (future tense) denoting an action taking place in the future: In einer Woche werden wir in die Tretjakov-Galerie gehen. In a week we will go to the Tretyakov Gallery.

However, Präsens (present tense) can also denote action in the future tense: In einer Woche gehen wir in die Tretjakov-Galerie. In a week we will go to the Tretyakov Gallery.

Note: By using Fut.I in speech, the speaker only communicates his intention to do something, and by using Präsens, he thereby emphasizes that the action will certainly be completed.

2. If the time is not clearly defined, but is indicated approximately, Fut.I should be used. When indicating an exact date in the future, Präsens is used in the sentence:

Der Bundeskanzler wird noch in diesem Monat nach Russland fliegen. The Federal Chancellor will fly to Russia this month.

Der Bundeskanzler fliegt am Dienstag um 8 Uhr nach Russland. The Federal Chancellor flies to Russia on Tuesday at 8 o'clock.

3. Using Fut.I in speech, the speaker thereby expresses his uncertainty about what he will do after some period of time

— Was machst du am Sonntag?

- Ich weiss das noch nicht genau. Zuerst werde ich in die Bibliothek gehen, dann ins Kino und vielleicht noch in die Diskothek.

- What are you doing on Sunday?

- I don’t know this for sure yet. First I will (probably) go to the library, then to the cinema and maybe also to a disco.

In this example, the respondent emphasizes his uncertainty in fulfilling his plans for Sunday by using Fut.I in combination with the adverbial group noch nicht genau and the adverb vielleicht.

4. Verb. werden in combination with an adverb is used to express a proposition in the present:

Dieses Buch wird sicher 20 Euro kosten. This book probably costs 20 euros.

And also: - Wo ist Doktor Schmidt? Where is Dr. Schmidt?

— Er wird jetzt an der Uni sein. (adverb jetzt) ​​He is (presumably) at university now.

Use and education of Fut.II

Fut.II is used when it is necessary to express one’s assumption regarding an action committed earlier, in the past tense.

So grosse Pfützen! Es wird in der Nacht stark geregnet haben. Such big puddles! It probably rained heavily during the night.

Fut.II is formed from the auxiliary werden in Präsens and the Infinitiv II of the main verb. Infinitiv II from verb. is formed as follows: Partizip II (participle II) + Infinitiv from the verb. haben/sein. For example: kaufen- gekauft haben; lesen – gelesen haben; gehen – gegangen sein; fliegen – geflogen sein.

Verb conjugation in Fut.II:

ich werde gearbeitet haben

du wirst gearbeitet haben

er/sie/es wirst gearbeitet haben

wir werden gearbeitet haben

ihr werdet gearbeitet haben

sie/Sie werden gearbeitet haben

Example: Du siehst so müde aus! Du wirst gestern zu viel gearbeitet haben. You look so tired! You probably worked too much yesterday.

The Fut.II form is not very common and is usually replaced by the perfect in colloquial speech.

Introduction

Futur II expresses an event that the speaker assumes has already ended or will end before another event in the future.

Beispiel

Warum baut Matthias sein Fahrrad auseinander?

Er wild wohl gestürzt sein oder eine Panne gehabt haben.

Oh nein, wir wollen in einer Stunde eine Radtour machen.

Keine Angst! Bis dahin wild er das Fahrrad repariert haben.

Use

• Assumption about past action
  For example: Er wild wohl gestürzt sein. He probably fell. Er wild eine Panne gehabt haben.
• An assumption that an action will be completed before a certain point in the future (a tense must be specified here to make it clear that we are talking about the future tense)
  For example: Bis dahin wild er das Fahrrad repariert haben. By then he will have fixed the bike.

Note:

In Russian, an assumption is expressed using introductory words such as: maybe, probably etc. In German, the assumption can be strengthened with words such as: wohl, sicher, bestimmt, but the use of these words is not necessary.

For example: Er wild wohl gestürzt sein. He probably fell.
Er wild wohl eine Panne gehabt haben. He probably had a breakdown along the way.

Education

Formed using an auxiliary verb werden, participles II semantic verb and auxiliary verbs sein/haben (see also use of sein/haben).

Participle II

Features of education

• Many strong and weak verbs in the participle II form change their stem (see the table of strong and mixed verbs).
  For example: Geh en–ge gang en, bring en–ge brach t
• If the stem of a word ends in d/t, then in weak/mixed verbs the ending et is added.
  For example: warten – gewart et
• Verbs with endings iren form participle II without ge.
  For example: stud iren– studiert
• lagols with inseparable prefixes form participle II without ge (see

Future tense (Futur)

Future (Futur) formed using an auxiliary verb werden(to become) and indefinite shape (Infinitive) main (semantic) verb:

Ich werde (du wirst, er wird) die Schulden bezahlen. - I (you, he) will pay the debts.

The future tense can also be expressed through the present tense (Präsens):

Morgen bezahle ich meine Schulden. - Tomorrow I will pay, I will pay off my debts.

Heute Abend gehe ich in die Disko. – Tonight I’m going to the disco.

At the same time, words indicating the future are often used in the sentence: tomorrow, tonight, in a month...

If we use Präsens to express the future, then we are firmly confident that this event will happen: I’ll definitely pay off my debts tomorrow (the money is ready, and I’ve made an appointment). If we use Futur (werden + Infinitiv), then this means that we only intend, intend to, or promise to do something: I’m going to pay off my debts, I should do it (but what will actually happen is another question). Therefore, do not abuse the form Future – use it if you want to say: I going to do something(or: something will apparently happen – that’s the forecast). If it's simple: I will do, then use Präsens:

Ich fahre in einer Woche nach Frankreich. – I’ll go to France in a week.

Ich werde eines Tages nach Frankreich fahren. “I’m going to go to France one day, someday.”

Tagsüber wird es regnen. – It will rain during the day (during the day).

On the other hand, once you intonationally “click” on this werde, how will you get a different, confident shade of meaning:

Ich werde nach Frankreich fahren. - I intends to go, I will make every effort for this.

In some cases Futur cannot be avoided (by using the present tense). Compare:

Ich werde in Paris wohnen. – I will live in Paris.

Ich wohne in Paris. - I live in Paris.

Future can be used for a strict order:

Du wirst dich sofort entschuldigen! - You'll apologize now!

Wirst du still sein? - (Maybe), will you shut up (literally: will you be quiet)?

And also for a guess:

Sie wird (wohl) schon längst zu Hause sein. - She (probably) has been at home for a long time.

Er wird jetzt (wohl) keine Zeit haben. – He (apparently) doesn’t have time now.

So, Future We need it mainly not to express the future tense, but to convey the modal meanings of the assumption ( I'm going to maybe), assurances ( intends, definitely), incentives ( come on now!). In other words werden in this case, it is rather one of the modal verbs, rather than an auxiliary verb of the future tense.

Ich glaube, dass er nächsten Monat wild Schulden bezahlen wollen. “I think he will want to pay off his debts next month.”

As you can see, although wild here is the conjugated part of the verb in the subordinate clause (as a general rule it should come at the end), still double Infinitive turns out to be stronger. This was the case, as you remember, in the case Perfect modal verb in a subordinate clause:

Ich glaube, dass er im vorigen Monat hat Schulden bezahlen wollen. “I think he wanted to pay off his debts last month.”

Let's take two sentences:

Ich habe alle formalitäten erledigt. – I have completed all the formalities.

Ich fahre ins Ausland. - I'm going abroad.

First I settled all the formalities, now I’m on my way. One action precedes another, in the first sentence - Perfect (perfect tense), in the second – Präsens (present tense). And now we need to move this situation into the future:

Ich werde erst dann ins Ausland fahren, wenn ich alle Formalitäten erledigt haben werde. “I will only go abroad when I have completed all the formalities.”

In the first sentence Futur 1 (werden + Infinitiv), in the second sentence – Futur 2 (werden + Infinitiv Perfect), which expresses an action that precedes another action in the future. More examples:

Bis morgen werde ich alles gelernt haben. – I’ll have learned everything by tomorrow.

Bis nächste Woche werden wir nach Italien gefahren sein. – Until next week we will leave for Italy.

Future 2(also called complete future) is used extremely rarely, but usually they say this:

Ich werde erst dann ins Ausland fahren, wenn ich alle Formalitäten erledigt habe.

Instead of Future 2 used Perfect (perfect tense): When I'm done, then I'll go. This is an interesting case when Perfect used in the future tense. Why not? Word Perfect it doesn't translate as past, but as perfect. Not only did, but also I'll do it. More examples of an action completed, completed in the future:

Ich schreibe Ihnen, wenn ich in Hamburg angekommen bin. – I will write to you when I arrive in Hamburg.

Wetten, dass er morgen alles wieder vergessen hat? - We bet that tomorrow he will forget everything again?

Same as using Future 1 it is possible to express an assumption about the present, Future 2 used to express an assumption about the past (and this, in fact, is its main use). Compare:

Sie haben mich für verrückt gehalten. – They thought I was crazy (Perfekt).

Sie werden mich wohl für verrückt gehalten haben. – They apparently thought I was crazy (Futur 2).

Future 2 often accompanied by reinforcing particles wohl or schon, which here means apparently, perhaps. So, compare the two uses Future 2:

Bis Ende dieser Woche wird er sein Examen bestanden haben. - By the end of this week he will pass (“will withstand, stand”) his exam.

Er wird sein Examen schon bestanden haben. - He apparently passed his exam.

Future 2, used for assumption, is close in meaning and coincides in form with the turnover modal verb + Infinitiv Perfect. Compare:

Er wild wohl ins Ausland verreist sein. - He apparently went abroad.

Er muss ins Ausland verreist sein. - He must have gone abroad.

Express your guess:

Warum ist Maria noch nicht da? - Why isn’t Maria (here) yet?

Ich vermute: Sie ist krank geworden. – I guess: She got sick.

Sie wird (wohl) krank geworden sein. – She apparently got sick.

= Sie muss krank geworden sein. “She must be sick.”

+ Sie soll krank geworden sein. “They say she’s sick.”

Sie hat ihre Freundin getroffen. – She met a friend.

Sie ist mit ihrer Freundin ins Kino gegangen. She went with her friend to the cinema.

Der Deutschkurs hat länger gedauert. – The German courses lasted longer.

Sie ist in einen Stau gekommen. - She got stuck in a traffic jam.

Sie hat die Einladung vergessen. - She forgot about the invitation.

Sie hat verschlafen. - She overslept.

Sie hat den Zug verpasst. - She missed the train.

Sie hat Be such bekommen. - Guests came to her (literally: she received a visit).

The future tense in German is formed very simply, which is what we will talk about in this lesson.
As you remember, to express the future tense in German there are forms Futurum I And Futurum II. Let's talk about the first of them.

Education Futurum I

Futurum I is formed using an auxiliary verb "werden"(the German equivalent of "will") and the infinitive. This is a very common tense, so it is important to remember the verb conjugation "werden" in present time. Let's consider the use of this tense using the example of a verb "schlafen":

Using Futurum I

Futurum I used in the following cases:

1. to predict some events. For example: Heute wird es regnen.- It will rain today.
2. To express plans: Wir werden nach Berlin fahren.— We will go to Berlin.
3. For promises: Ich werde das machen.- I will do it.
4. To express a demand, a categorical order: Du wirst jetzt das machen!- You will do it now!
5. For assumptions: Das wird er nicht an einem Tag schaffen.“He won’t cope with this in one day.”

To ask a question you need to use a verb "werden" in first place or after a question word - before the subject:
Wirst du etwas trinken?-Are you going to drink anything?
Was wirst du trinken?- What will you drink?

Instead of Future I can also be used Präsens. Most often, this happens in cases where the sentence indicates a specific point in time when the action will take place: morgen Tomorrow, in zwei Wochen in two weeks, etc.

If in sentences with Future I a modal verb also appears, it forms a frame construction together with the semantic one and is placed after it, for example: Sie wird weiter studieren müssen.“She needs to study further.”

Lesson assignments

Exercise 1. Write sentences using Futur I.
1.wir/Milch/trinken
2. heute/sie/ihre Hausaufgabe/machen
3. er/aufstehen/morgen/um 7 Uhr
4.wo/du/arbeiten
5. Ich/das/selbst/machen
6. Ihr/in Moskau/im Hotel/wohnen
7. Sie/Medizin/nehmen/sollen
8. morgen/wir/die Prüfung/bestehen
9. Wir/Beeren/sammeln?
10. Er/ein Auto/kaufen
11. gehen/Sie/in/der Restaurant/heute abend?
12. Ich/meinem Freund/helfen

Answer 1.
1. Wir werden Milch trinken.
2. Heute wird sie ihre Hausaufgabe machen.
3. Er wird morgen um 7 Uhr uafstehen.
4. Wo wirst du arbeiten?
5. Ich werde das selbst machen.
6. Ihr werdet in Moskau im Hotel wohnen.
7. Sie wird Medizin nehmen sollen.
8. Morgen werden wir die Prüfung bestehen.
9. Werden wir Beeren sammeln?
10. Er wird ein Auto kaufen.
11. Werden Sie in den Restaurant heute abend gehen?
12. Ich werde meinem Freund helfen.

Used to convey various actions or states that will occur or take place in the future. Grammatically Fut. is a complex tense form formed by semantic verbs in the infinitive form (Infinitiv I or Infinitiv II, depending on whether we are talking about the formation of Fut. I or Fut. II) paired with the auxiliary verb werden. In this case, the auxiliary verb acquires personal endings and is consistent with the subject of the specific sentence. For example:

Futurum I

• Ich werde alle deine Fehler korrigieren. - I will correct all your mistakes.
• Du wirst gegen 14:00 in Rostock sein . – Around 14:00 you will be in (the city of) Rostock.
• Sein Begleiter wird in der Nähe vom Restaurant parken . – His escort will park near the restaurant.
• Wir werden heute keine orientalischen Salate bestellen . – Today we won’t order oriental salads.
• Ihr werdet in einer Woche neue Lehrbücher bekommen . – In a week you will receive new textbooks.
• Diese Sportler werden an den Olympischen Spielen teilnehmen . – These athletes will take part in the Olympic Games.

Futurum II

• Wenn Peter heimkehrt, werden Anna und ihre Familienangehörigen schon ausgezogen sein . – When Peter returns home, Anna and her family members will have already left (from the apartment, house = vacated housing).
• Wenn dein Bruder morgen aufsteht, werden die Bauarbeiter das Esszimmer schon tapeziert haben . – When your brother gets up (wake up) tomorrow, the workers will have already finished wallpapering the dining room.

In an ordinary declarative sentence, the inflected part of the predicate (werden in personal form) always takes second place, and the unchangeable part (Infinitiv I or II) always takes the last place, as the above examples demonstrate.

The second complex tense form Fut.II in German is used much less frequently Fut.I. The need to use it arises in situations where it is necessary to transfer the predecessor of one action or state to the bud. time to another.

In used condition. time in German Fut.I and Fut.II there are significant differences. The main task of Fut.I is to convey an action or state into reality, and this form is extremely rarely used to express any assumptions. In rare cases of using Fut.I for this purpose, the sentence usually includes the adverb wohl, translated into Russian by the introductory words “perhaps”, “apparently”, “probably”. For example:

• Klaus wird wohl morgen vorbeikommen. – Klaus will probably come by tomorrow.

As for the Fut.II form, on the contrary, it is most often used in cases where the sentence expresses some assumption in the future. When translated into Russian, introductory words expressing an assumption will always be present in such cases, regardless of their actual presence in speech, for example:

• Seine Frau wird das alles (wohl) selbst erlebt haben. - His wife will probably have time to survive all this (in the future) (= before something else happens - again in the future, implied or resulting from the context).