Transportation of KS 5363. Design and characteristics of pneumatic wheel cranes. Lifting equipment

The KS-5363 crane is a specialized equipment developed by Soviet specialists, but which has not yet lost its popularity. It was with this design that the design of modern pneumatic tire systems began. In terms of quality and functionality, they are in no way inferior to foreign-made analogues, which are much more expensive. The high performance and technical characteristics of the KS-5363 are time-tested.

Design features of KS-5363 cranes

The special equipment was developed back in 1971. In the 90s model KS-5363 weighing 33 tons was one of the most popular and in demand on the market. The machine is equipped with an individual electric drive and placed on a special chassis with two axles. The design is complemented by towing equipment and outriggers to ensure turns. They are mounted using a hydraulic drive.

The equipment, capable of lifting loads from 3.3 tons, copes with the tasks performed by classic cranes. The model is used in the construction of industrial and residential buildings, handling bulk materials, as well as for transporting bulky equipment weighing up to 14 tons.

Truck cranes can be used not only in the city, but also in difficult conditions that require uninterrupted operation for a long time. Cranes with a lifting capacity of over 30 tons are suitable for professionals who value stability, reliability, and durability.

Technical equipment

The model has high power and performance. The height of the machine is 3.9, width – up to 4.2, length – 20.3 m. The weight of the basic model KS-5363 is 33 tons. The units are capable of lifting from 3.3 to 30 tons using hydraulic supports; without them, the lifting capacity is reduced to 2 - 14 tons. The maximum pressure on the hydraulic supports is 324 kN, on the wheel axle – 174 kN.

The lifting height of loads varies from 6.4 to 16.3 m, and the lifting speed does not exceed 9 m/min. The hook extends from 2.5 to 15.9 m. The crane can move independently at a speed of 19.5 km/h. The model is equipped with a YaMZ-M204M engine with a power of 180 hp. With.

Specifications The KS-5363 crane allows it to be used in large logistics centers where conventional manipulators are not enough. Spare parts for the machines are available, which makes the process of servicing them easier.

Hydraulic system

The hydraulics are based on the NSh-32E gear pump. Its main features include:

power– 35 l/min;
pressure- 10.5 MPa.

In addition to sediment, great importance They also have other components of the hydraulic system: pipelines, actuator cylinders, hydraulic tank, accumulator. The process starts with oil entering the pump from the tank. Then this composition is sent to the distributor, and then to the cylinders. The presence of a valve in the distributor ensures the required level of pressure in the cylinder. There, the oil presses on the piston, activating its movement and the functioning of the entire mechanism.

Chassis design

The crane has a pair of bridges. KS-5363 is equipped with 8 wheels, which are attached to 2 axles. The front axle sends drive to the inner wheels, and the rear axle sends drive to everything. The chassis also includes hydraulic supports of an external type. They are the ones who are able to increase the base platform by 80 cm and increase the load capacity to 30 tons.

The crane is transported using a tractor or a railway platform weighing 60 tons. Preliminary preparation is required for transportation.

Optional equipment

The cranes are equipped with basic and replaceable types of equipment. The former include ropes and lattice booms, the latter are represented by:

jib devices;
replaceable arrows;
tower-boom elements.

The length of the boom, including those with jib, is 20 - 30 m, in tower-boom installations - 10 m. The diameter of the main rope is 21 mm.

Crane control

The machine, weighing more than 30 tons, is equipped with three systems: hydraulic, mechanical and electrical. Hydraulics is represented by a set of mechanisms that ensure the normal operation of lifts. Mechanics are responsible for the operation of the gearbox, wheels, supporting structures and brakes.

The electrical system is based on DC generators. The operation of the winch and movement of the KS-5363 is provided by an electric motor. The motor and generator form a single system; a pair of batteries is used for uninterrupted operation of the diesel engine.

With the help of a lattice-type main boom and an additional jib, loads from 3.3 tons can be lifted.

A one-piece base and a pair of chassis axles are used to ensure high-strength installation.

Cabin equipment

A practical cabin with a large windshield located in the front was created for the KS-5363 pneumatic wheel crane. On the dashboard there are devices that allow you to control the operation of the machine: voltmeters, pressure gauge, ammeters, thermometer and others. On both sides there are special command controllers for controlling the mechanisms and equipment for adjusting the turn of the wheels and the speed of the crane.

The cabin has a stove for heating winter time and a fan for use in hot weather. The operator is provided with a comfortable chair with height adjustment.

Model KS-5363 is a powerful crane with a lifting capacity of up to 30 tons. Equipment is indispensable in the construction industry. The main advantages are inexpensive service, ease of operation, the ability to rotate the base, durability and the ability to operate in difficult conditions. If necessary, the crane operates in tandem with a grab and bucket.

The KS-5363 crane is a jib crane that has a pneumatic wheel travel. It was developed by the Odessa plant named after. January Uprising" and rolled off the assembly line until 1990. The production of a multifunctional construction crane began in 1970.

With the help of KS-5363, installation and loading and unloading operations with loads not exceeding the maximum permissible weight are performed at construction sites. A specially developed kinematic scheme allows you to perform several operations simultaneously.

Loading capacity is 10 -36 tons, depending on the initial position and modification. Standing on supports, it is capable of lifting a maximum load weighing up to 36 tons. Without deployed outriggers, the permissible weight is 14 tons, and with a load of 10 tons.

The main boom lifts the load to a height of 36.2 meters. When using tower equipment with a jib, it is possible to lift the load to a height of 50 meters. The permissible departure angle is 13 degrees.

Crane KS 5363 has the following technical capabilities:

lift the hook at a speed of 7-9 m/min;
lower the crane at a speed of 0.7 - 9 m/min;
move at speeds up to 20 km/h;
withstand support loads of up to 324 kN;
withstand axle load up to 174 kN;
move a 15 ton load on the go.

KS-5363 is equipped with a YaMZ-M204A diesel engine with a power of 180 hp. Electric motors have a power of 166 kW. The total weight of the crane is 33 tons. The grab has a capacity of 2 m3.

Basic equipment

The working elements of KS-5363 can be divided into main and replaceable elements. The main equipment consists of a lattice boom and ropes. In addition, there are interchangeable booms, jib devices and tower-boom devices.

The crane is equipped with a main boom, the length of which is 15 meters. The rope used in the boom has a diameter of 21 mm and its length is 140 meters. The auxiliary rope has the same diameter, while its length reaches 95 meters.

Replacement equipment

Replacement equipment is installed instead of the main one and allows you to perform other tasks. Depending on this, the technical capabilities of the crane change.

Replacement equipment consists of the following elements:

extended booms;
jib arrows;
tower-boom devices.

An extended boom and a jib boom have a length of 20-30 meters. At one time, the tower-rifle device was only 10 meters long. However, unlike the rest additional equipment, the tower has a height of 20 meters.

Faucet dimensions

Construction of the KS-5363 crane

The KS 5363 pneumatic wheel crane is one of the special equipment with several main control systems.

The crane is controlled by:

Mechanical system.
Hydraulic system.
Electrical system.

The mechanical system is controlled from a remote control. He is responsible for the brake system, gearbox, wheels and supports. When it is necessary to move and stay in a certain place, the driver-mechanic uses this system.

Hydraulic equipment is necessary to lift and lower loads. The main element of this system is the NSh-32E gear pump. In addition, the equipment consists of a hydraulic tank, pump, battery, turbo lines, and actuator cylinders.

The electrical control includes DC generators. One of them operates the winch and crane. Another generator works together with a diesel engine and two batteries.

Features of KS-5363

The shooting crane has the following features:

Maintain high efficiency with diesel generator.
Low cost and maintainability.
Low cost of maintenance and repair.
Possibility of using a grab with a bucket.
The platform can be rotated even when the boom is not loaded.
The presence of a pneumatic wheel system increases the controllability of the crane.
The wheel-to-wheel distance is 2.4 meters, which significantly increases balance and stability.

Front axle

Hydraulic system

The main element of the hydraulic system is the NSh-32E gear pump. The performance value of this element is 32 l/min, pressure 10.5 MPa. The system begins to operate when oil enters the pump from the hydraulic tank.

Competitive advantages and technical characteristics of a jib self-propelled crane on a pneumatic runner KS-4361A Yurginets with a lifting capacity of 16 tons.

Crane KS4361, KS4361A - diesel single-engine with torque converter. The set of working equipment includes a main boom with a length of 10 m, a hook with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and a grab with a capacity of 1.5 m3, mounted on 10- and 15-meter booms. Replaceable equipment is extended booms with a length of 15, 20 and 25 m, obtained from the main boom by inserting 5-meter sections, and a non-steerable jib 6 m long. The boom is equipped with a limiter that prevents it from tipping onto the platform when working at a minimum reach

The KS-4361A crane is a modernized model of the KS-4361 crane with a modified design of the body and driver's cabin. All main characteristics of the crane correspond to the basic model KS4361.

Overall dimensions of the crane KS-4361A

The running gear of the crane is equipped with outriggers with screw jacks having small shoes at the ends.
The crane can move around the site under its own power, including with a load on the hook, at a speed of up to 3 km/h. Movement with a load on the hook is allowed on the platform with a boom of 10 - 15 m, directed along the longitudinal axis of the crane.
Over long distances along highways, the crane is towed to a tractor using a coupling device. During the process of relocating the crane, the gearbox is set to the neutral position, the wheel steering cylinders are turned off, and the driveshaft of one of the axles is removed. The tug speed should not exceed 20 km/h, and on slopes and turns the speed should be reduced to 3 km/h.
By railway the crane is transported on a four-axle platform. Before loading the crane onto the platform, all pneumatic wheels are removed, the boom sections are separated, placing the upper section on the lower one. The crane is loaded onto the platform using an assembly crane with a lifting capacity of 25 T. If there are replaceable boom sections, they are laid on the second platform.

Technical characteristics of a self-propelled crane KS-4361A

Load capacity, T:
On supports:


Without supports:
At the smallest hook reach
At maximum hook reach
Hook Reach, m:
Least
Largest
Hook lifting height, m:
At the smallest hook reach
At maximum hook reach
Speeds:
Lifting the main hook, m/min
Descents, m/min
Turntable rotation speed, rpm
Self-propelled crane movement, km/h


Smallest turning radius (outer wheel), m
The greatest angle of ascent of the path, hail
Engine:

Power, hp
Wheel track, m:
Front

Crane weight, T
Including counterweight, T

Load capacity when moving and the climb angle overcome during travel in the transport position of the KS-4361A crane

* - Load capacity is indicated with the boom located along the axis of the crane.
** - The denominator is the permissible angle of inclination of the crane when working on outriggers.

Characteristics of the main and replaceable boom equipment of the KS-4361A crane

Device - pneumatic wheel crane KS-4361A

The KS4361A crane is a diesel single-engine crane with a torque converter. The set of working equipment includes a main boom with a length of 10 m, a hook with a lifting capacity of 16 tons and a grab with a capacity of 1.5 m3, mounted on 10- and 15-meter booms. Replaceable equipment is extended booms with a length of 15, 20 and 25 m, obtained from the main boom by inserting 5-meter sections, and a non-steerable jib 6 m long. The boom is equipped with a limiter that protects it from tipping onto the platform when working at a minimum reach.

The KS4361A crane is a modernized model of the KS-4361 crane with a modified design of the body and driver's cabin. All main characteristics of the crane correspond to the basic model KS-4361.

The crane uses a mixed control system - pneumohydraulic. The winch and reverse shafts, as well as the drums, are activated using pneumatic chamber couplings; the direction of movement of the crane's turning and movement mechanisms is changed by a reversing mechanism and bevel gears. The inclusion of the reversing mechanism is also provided by pneumatic chamber couplings. The operating speeds of the crane are regulated over a wide range using a turbo transformer powered by the crane's hydraulic system.

Over long distances along highways, the crane is towed to a tractor using a coupling device. During the process of relocating the crane, the gearbox is set to the neutral position, the wheel steering cylinders are turned off, and the driveshaft of one of the axles is removed. The towing speed should not exceed 20 km/h, and on slopes and turns the speed should be reduced to 3 km/h.

The crane is transported by rail on a four-axle platform. Before loading the crane onto the platform, all pneumatic wheels are removed, the boom sections are separated, placing the upper section on the lower one. The crane is loaded onto the platform using an assembly crane with a lifting capacity of 25 tons. If there are replaceable boom sections, they are laid on the second platform.

All the executive bodies of the mechanisms on the KS-4361 crane are driven through a turbotransformer 35. The landing of the drums of the boom, cargo and auxiliary (grab) mechanisms is on a common shaft; thus, one three-drum winch is used.

Power is taken from the engine to the compressor 32 using a V-belt transmission 43 - 44 and a cardan shaft 33. Rotation from the engine 34 to the turbotransformer 35 is transmitted through coupling 20, the output shaft of the turbotransformer is connected by a chain transmission 15 - 36 to the shaft 9 of the reversing mechanism. Shaft 10 of the three-drum winch is connected to shaft 9 of the conical reverser by a gear 16 - 22 and a chain drive 18 - 23, and gear 16 and sprocket 23 have a rigid fit on the shafts, and sprocket 18 and gear 22 rotate freely. They are activated using pneumatic chamber couplings 19 and 14 mounted on the shafts. Depending on which gear is engaged (chain or gear), shaft 10 is given direct or reverse rotation.

As can be seen from the diagram, the boom drum 13, the main lift cargo drum 12 and the auxiliary lift cargo drum 11 have a free fit on the shaft and are kept from rotating by band brakes. The drums are turned on using pneumatic chamber couplings; At the same time, the drums are released. On shaft 9, bevel gears 8 rotate freely, which are in constant mesh with gear 7 of vertical shaft 28. Alternately engaging the pneumatic chamber couplings of gears 8 ensures reversal of shaft 28 (rotation clockwise or counterclockwise).

Gears 6, gears 24 and 26 are in constant mesh, and gear 26 is freely mounted on the shaft. It is turned on using the cam clutch 27, and the shaft 29 begins to rotate. Gear 25 rotates together with the shaft, rolling along ring gear 5; the rotary part of the crane rotates. Gear 24, being in constant engagement with gear 26, also rotates when it rotates, and since gear 24 has a keyed connection with shaft 30, the shaft also rotates with it. Next, the rotation is transmitted using an equalizing clutch to shaft 31, bevel gear 45 - 46 and shaft 55 of the chassis gearbox. Gears 4 and 48 rotate freely on shaft 55. They are alternately engaged using a cam clutch 49. Depending on which gear is engaged by the clutch, the rotation speed of shaft 53 changes, and therefore the speed of movement of the crane.

The intermediate shaft gear 51 is in constant mesh with the gear 50 of the output shaft 54, which drives the front and rear axles with the help of cardan shafts 41 and 52.

The front and rear axles of the crane include differential devices that allow the right and left wheels to rotate at different speeds, which is very important when the crane moves along curved sections of the track.

The input gear 40 of the main transmission is in constant mesh with the gear 42, sitting on the splines of the intermediate shaft. From the intermediate shaft of the main drive, rotation is transmitted through gears 38 and 39 to the differential housing and through satellites (gears) 3 and sun gear 2 to the axle shafts of the crane wheels. On the KS-4361 crane with a single-engine drive, when considering the kinematic diagram of its mechanisms, the concept of a main and auxiliary lift winch is not fully applicable, since the layout of the mechanisms with a single-engine drive does not allow one to clearly distinguish one or another winch; many elements of the kinematic chain of mechanisms are transmissions for a number of executive bodies. Therefore, this crane considers only the design of mechanisms directly connected to the executive bodies - the drums.

Multi-drum winch - KS-4361A.

Three drums are mounted on a common shaft 6: cargo 3, auxiliary (grab) 18 and boom 5. All three drums have a ball-bearing fit and rotate freely on the shaft. The drums are activated using pneumatic chamber couplings 1, 7 and 14, rigidly connected to the shaft, and are kept from free rotation or from rotation under the action of loads (loaded ropes) using band brakes.

The shaft rotates in double-row spherical bearings of supports 2 and 10 and is driven by a sprocket 9 or a gear 11 with a ball bearing support. The wheel is driven using a pneumatic clutch 12. The shaft reversal is carried out by engaging a chain transmission using a pneumatic chamber coupling 19 mounted on the reversing shaft, or by engaging a gear wheel 11.

The operating principle of a pneumatic chamber clutch is based on the friction of the tire against the surface of the drum pulley under the influence of compressed air. The type of coupling according to the nature of the connection is frictional; by the nature of the work and main purpose - to the class of controlled and coupling couplings that allow you to open and close the connections of the part.

The coupling consists of a pulley 17, a pneumatic chamber 16 and a tire 15. Air is supplied to the pneumatic chambers through rotating swivel joints from the ends of the shaft 6 (through channels in it) and from the shaft to the chambers (through flexible hoses). When compressed air is supplied through hose 5 into the chamber, the latter expands and presses the friction belt with tire 15 to the inner surface of the drum pulley 3.

Band brake for cargo and grab drums - KS-4361A

The brake band is adjacent to the outer surface of the drum pulley. The tape 3 consists of two parts connected by a coupling bolt 1. One end of the tape is hinged with a pin on the gusset, the second end is connected to the eye 12. The eye is connected to the rod 7 of the hydraulic cylinder 6 using a system of levers. The brake control is hydraulic. When you press the pedal of the hydraulic cylinder with your foot, the piston moves to the left and turns the lever 11 through the rod 7 and fork 9. At the same time, the eye 12 moves up and the brake is tightened (the drum is braked). If you remove your foot from the pedal, the hydraulic cylinder piston, under the action of spring 8, will return to its original position (the drum will be released). To ensure uniform withdrawal of the brake band from the drum pulley, spring 2 is used.

A brake of a similar design is installed on a clamshell (auxiliary) drum.

The boom drum is equipped with two band brakes: permanently closed and adjustable. Eye 19 of the permanently closed brake is mounted on bracket 18; the running end of the brake band is tensioned by spring 4. A ratchet wheel 16 is installed on the drum; with the help of pawl 15 the drum is kept from rotating. If it is necessary to lower the boom, the pawl is disengaged from the ratchet wheel using rod 1, lever 2 and pneumatic chamber 3. The stroke of the pneumatic chamber rod is limited by an adjustable (screw) stop 17.

The controlled brake band, like the brake band of a cargo winch, consists of two parts connected by a coupling bolt. The uniform withdrawal of the belt from the drum is regulated by a guy spring 6. The brake eye is mounted on the bracket 10 using a roller, on which a lever 12 is also installed, connected at one end to the eye of the brake belt 14, and at the other to the rod of the pneumatic chamber 9.

The tension of the brake band (braking of the boom drum) is carried out by spring 8 through rod 13, and the band is released using a pneumatic chamber. The main and auxiliary winches of jib cranes are equipped with special devices - rope handlers. They ensure correct laying of the rope drum in the grooves and prevent it from falling off the drum.

The turning mechanism is driven by a common motor of all crane mechanisms. The bevel gear 27 of the reversing mechanism for rotation and movement of the crane is in constant mesh with the bevel gears sitting on the reversing shaft. Loads on the vertical shaft 14 are perceived at the top by a radial ball bearing, and at the bottom by a thrust ball bearing and a double-row spherical roller bearing. At the lower end of the vertical shaft, a gear 15 is rigidly mounted, which meshes with a gear wheel 8, freely sitting on a vertical shaft 12. On the shaft 12, in addition to the gear wheel 8, there is a brake pulley 13, a gear coupling 10 and a gear 23; they are all rigidly connected to the shaft. During rotation of shaft 14 and with clutch 10 turned off, the gear wheel rotates freely on shaft 12 and transmits rotation to gear wheel 7, rigidly seated on shaft 5. Together with gear wheel 7, the vertical shaft rotates and thus power is transferred to the movement mechanism.

When clutch 10 is turned on, shaft 12 begins to rotate and gear 23 begins to run around ring gear 22; the turntable begins to rotate relative to the central shaft 5. The ring gear has internal gearing.

As can be seen from the diagram, the platform rotation gearbox simultaneously plays the role of a crane movement gearbox. The outer rings 17, 19 are connected not to the chassis frame, but to the turntable; the inner ring 22 is connected to the fixed frame of the undercarriage. Thus, the inner ring is stationary and plays the role of the base of the slewing bearing.

The front axle of the KS-4361 crane is steered, driven; its suspension to the frame is balanced, which improves the grip of the wheels with the base on uneven roads. The transmission of power from the cardan shaft to the axle shafts 12 on the front axle is also carried out by a cylindrical main gear, as on the rear axle. The inner wheels are mounted on the hub 6, which is mounted using tapered bearings on a pin mounted in the housing 17. Using a flange 5, the hub 6 is connected to the axle shaft 4. The outer wheels are mounted on the hub 2, which is mounted on the hub 6 using plain bearings; thus, the outer wheels are not driven, as they have a loose fit.

When a decrease in cross-country ability begins to affect the performance of the crane, the outer wheels are blocked with internal special drivers 18 installed on the flanges 5 so that the protrusion of the driver falls between the wheel rim stops. The leash is fixed with a bolt 19. The lower arms of the housings 17 are connected to each other by the transverse rod 14 of the steering linkage. The upper arms of the housings are connected to the rods of the turning hydraulic cylinders, which are mounted on the axle housing bracket.

Rotation of the drive wheels from axle shaft 12 to axle shaft 4 is transmitted through articulated joints 15 and 16. The rear axle of the KS-4361 crane is driving. Bridge - automobile type, its suspension to the frame is rigid. It uses assembly units of the KrAZ vehicle, including the main gear with differential, axle shafts and brakes. The fastening of the running wheels is discless; it is carried out with clamps and rings.

The main gear of the rear axle is cylindrical. The bevel gear serves to connect intersecting shafts and regulate movement. The traveling mechanism of the KS-4361 crane does not have a separate motor for the traveling mechanism; Power take-off in the gearbox is carried out using a vertical shaft 6 with a bevel gear 7 rigidly mounted on it. In mesh with it is a bevel gear 4, rigidly seated on the input shaft 5 of the gearbox.

The brake of the KS-4361 crane is installed on a bracket fixed to the body of the rear axle of the crane.

On the KS-4361 crane, instead of a main friction type clutch, a special hydraulic device is installed between the engine and transmission - a torque converter TRK-325. The torque converter provides stepless regulation of the speed of lifting and lowering a load, reversing the direction of movement, lifting small loads at increased speed, and changing the speed of movement depending on the resistance to movement.

The TRK-325 torque converter includes a housing in which the pump 1, turbine 2 and guide 3 (reactor) wheels are located. The reactor is rigidly connected to the housing. The driving pump wheel receives movement from the motor shaft 4, and the turbine (driven) wheel is connected to the driven shaft.

The radiator 5 serves to cool the working fluid passed through it using a gear pump 6. The transformer is equipped with a bypass valve, a filter and a hydraulic tank 7, as well as an overrunning clutch. At the same rotation speed of the turbine and pump wheels, the clutch connecting shafts 4 and 8 is activated.

Turn off the torque converter by removing fluid from the system. A brake controlled by the driver can be installed on shaft 8. To direct the movement of fluid in the system, a pneumatic pusher, spool valve, ejector and diffuser are used.

The pneumatic control system of the KS-4361 jib crane includes the following elements: a compressor, a refrigerator and an oil and moisture separator, a receiver, a control panel with a pneumatic distributor, pipelines and pneumatic chambers mounted on the actuators of the crane.

The air is pre-compressed in the first stage of the compressor 13, passes through the refrigerator and oil-moisture separator and is compressed in the second stage to 0.6 - 0.7 MPa, from where it enters the receiver 16 and then through the pipeline 17 to the control panel 3.

In the oil and moisture separator, the air is cleaned of moisture and oil, and then enters the second stage of the compressor. From the control panel, air flows through pipelines and special rotating joints 10 to the pneumatic chamber couplings 7 of the crane mechanisms.

When each mechanism is turned off, air from the pneumatic chamber couplings is released into the atmosphere. To quickly release the crane mechanisms, special valves 8 are installed in the systems of the turbo transformer, pneumatic chamber and brake couplings of the boom drum and the crane movement mechanism.

For smooth rotation of the platform in the systems of the reversing mechanism and the rotation brake, as well as the movement mechanism, flow regulators 18 are used. The crane mechanisms are controlled from the remote control with special devices - spool valves (valves). There are two types of spools: differential and direct acting. Differential spools are used for those valve mechanisms that require regulation of external forces when turned on. Such mechanisms are mechanisms with friction clutches used in cranes with a single-engine drive - a motor internal combustion. For mechanisms that do not require changes in pressure in the system, direct-acting spools are used.

The electrical equipment of the KS-4361 crane is used to power internal and external lighting, light and sound alarms, and a load limiter; provides starting of the starting engine, heating and ventilation of the control cabin, heating of the diesel engine. The source of direct current is the G-66 generator, which is also designed to charge the 6ST-42 battery. The generator is driven by a diesel engine through a gear drive.

To regulate the voltage and protect the generator, a relay regulator is provided, consisting of a voltage relay, a current limiter and a reverse current relay (prevents the battery from being discharged to the generator when the diesel engine is not running). To protect against short circuit fuses are used.

During the period when the diesel engine is stopped, the crane's electrical network is powered by a battery, which is also used to start the starting engine with an electric starter. The magnitude of the battery charging and discharging current is determined using an ammeter.

The electrical system of the crane includes a set of converters installed on the engine, the oil tank of the turbo-transformer and the compressor. These converters make it possible, through appropriate devices, to control the temperature of water and diesel oil, the oil temperature in the turbotransformer, and the oil pressure in diesel and compressor systems.

The limit positions of the boom are fixed by a limit switch, which acts on the electromagnet circuit. The latter controls the spool, which, when the boom reaches its extreme position and the switch is activated, turns off the turbo transformer and turns on the winch brake. The magnet receives power from the running diesel engine through a relay.

The electrical circuit provides a control button that allows you to bypass the limit switch and return the boom to the working position, as well as turn on the load limiter when it is triggered.

The control panel has a button to turn on the sound signal. The portable repair lighting lamp is switched on via a plug socket.

To limit the crane's lifting capacity and automatically turn off the cargo winch, an electric load limiter OGP-1 is used. When the crane operates at minimum boom radii, a stop with flexible elements is used to prevent it from tipping onto the turntable.

The rope traction 2 passes through the deflecting rollers 1 on the boom 4 and is fixed on the platform. Springs 3 support the rope and prevent it from sagging. When the boom reaches the maximum angle of inclination (towards the turntable), the rope is tensioned and keeps the boom from further movement.

Lifting equipment is a special type of specialized equipment, without which it is extremely difficult to imagine highly efficient carrying out of planned work on a construction site, in a production workshop, and in some cases, carrying out search and rescue operations (for example, clearing rubble after earthquakes). It goes without saying that for each operation of lifting and moving cargo it will be rational to use a certain type of such devices. But, as many years of practice have shown, quite often the most the best option operation is a pneumatic wheel crane. We will talk about its structure and technical features in this article.

Definition

So, a pneumatic wheeled crane is a universal crane, belonging to the jib type and moving on a pneumatic wheeled chassis. The machine is controlled from a cabin located on the rotating part of the unit. Before starting its operation, the crane operator is obliged to conduct a full visual inspection of the main parts and assemblies and check the operation of the braking system. This is done in order to ensure an adequate level of safety during work.

Historical reference

The first pneumatic wheel crane in the Soviet Union was produced in 1947, which is already quite distant from us. The name of the first model is K-101. Its carrying capacity was about 10 tons. The vehicle was already installed on a three-axle pneumatic chassis. The K-102 crane has already entered serial production. It was created in 1952, and production took place in the period 1954-1958. And already in 1961, the production of more powerful K-161 cranes began, the lifting capacity of which was 16 tons.

Today, lifting machines of pneumatic wheel type are produced only in Western Europe, in Germany.

Purpose

Any self-propelled crane, which has a pneumatic wheel, is designed to ensure high-quality and quick performance of various construction, installation and loading and unloading operations at objects that are located relative to each other in space at short distances.

At the time of carrying out the specified work, it is allowed to simultaneously perform:

Raising or lowering a load while raising or lowering the boom itself.
Raising or lowering the working boom while turning the machine in the desired direction.

All these actions are carried out safely thanks to the presence of special equipment on the crane, which we will talk about later.

Designation

Marking of taps allows you to identify all the most important technical features and parameters. First of all, we will consider the available universal indices “K” and “KS”.

“K” is a letter designation that was once approved by the Ministry of Construction and Dormash. issued before 1967 will have such a one-letter index and two or three digits. The letter itself indicates that the machine belongs to a group of cranes, and the numbers indicate the load capacity and the serial number of the model.

Since 1967, the indexation “KS” was introduced, which means “self-propelled crane”.

The letters are always followed by four numbers, each of which carries certain information. So, the first digit means the carrying capacity:

1 - 4 tons;
2 - 6.3 tons;
3 - 10 tons;
4 - 16 tons;
5 - 25 tons;
6 - 40 tons;
7 - 63 tons;
8 - 100 tons;
9 - over 100 tons.

The second digit gives information about the type of running gear and means:

1 - tracked device;
2 - widened tracked device;
3 - pneumatic wheel;
4 - special chassis (automotive type);
5 - truck chassis;
6 - tractor chassis;
7 - running;
8 and 9 - reserve.

The third number determines the type of boom suspension, which can be rope (indicated by number 6) or rigid (indicated by number 7).

The fourth digit is the assigned model modification number.

Let's look at the example of the KS-7164 crane. Its marking is deciphered as follows: a self-propelled crane with a lifting capacity of 63 tons, on a caterpillar undercarriage, equipped with a rope suspension of the boom, modification - fourth.

Technical structure

The detailed design of pneumatic wheel cranes should begin to be considered from the principle of location of power plants.

The first group is cranes, the power unit of which is located on the rotating part. In them, motion is mechanically transmitted directly to the running gear using a single-engine diesel drive, and energy can also be transferred to the running gear engines using an electric or diesel-electric drive. The carrying capacity of such machines ranges from 10 to 100 tons.

The second group is cranes, the power unit of which is mounted on the running gear. In this case, the energy is transferred directly to the running gear and the turning part from the generator, which, in turn, is driven by a diesel engine. This category includes MKT-40 lifting machines with a lifting capacity of 40 tons.

In general, any such crane will necessarily have a lifting mechanism and a movement mechanism, each of which will consist of various components and parts.

Most commonly used model

KS-5363 - diesel-electric crane. It uses a multi-motor type drive operating on direct current. The energy supply comes from the power plant located on the unit. The machine can use a two-rope grab equipped with a bucket with a capacity of 2 cubic meters. m.

This crane (25 tons is an indicator of the lifting capacity of its main lifting mechanism) is also equipped with an auxiliary lifting mechanism, which serves loads weighing up to five tons.

All executive bodies of the machine have a fairly wide range of speed adjustment, which is carried out through the generator-engine system. During movement, the crane platform can be rotated if no load is attached to it.

Crane control and design features

KS-5363 is controlled by three powerful systems: mechanical, electrical and hydraulic. The required mechanism is activated from the remote control by pressing buttons, as well as a pair of command controllers.

Shifting the gearbox, adjusting the offset of the supports, turning the wheels, locking the differential - all this is done by activating a pumping hydraulic system that operates on the basis of the energy of compressed fluid. The support is locked and controlled from a remote control located on the running gear, and all other mechanisms are controlled from the driver’s (driver’s) cabin.

The main lift winch includes:

electric motor;
three-stage gearbox;
gear coupling that prevents shaft overload;
Shoe brake with short-stroke magnet;
drum with a gear rim.

Machine cabin

Inside the crane cabin, on the front of a fairly large windshield, there is an instrument panel. It contains various ammeters, voltmeters, switches, breakers, pressure gauge and thermometer. On both sides of the board there are mounted command controllers that control the mechanisms, as well as devices for adjusting the speed of movement of the machine and controlling the rotation of the wheels.

In addition, the cabin is equipped with an electric stove for heating in the cold season, heaters that completely eliminate the possibility of glass icing and fogging, a fan for cooling the driver in the summer, and windshield wipers. The crane operator himself sits in a chair, the height of which can be adjusted if necessary.

Traveling to your place of work

The crane is towed using a special tractor at a speed not exceeding 20 km/h. If you have to transport a pneumatic wheeled crane along a railway track, then all the wheels and the boom are removed from it, and the machine itself is installed on a sixty-ton railway platform.

Digital data

In general, pneumatic wheel cranes, the technical characteristics of which will be indicated below in the table, are characterized by an excellent combination of price and quality. Many years of practice have shown that the money invested in the purchase of such machines is returned quite quickly. In modern conditions, the Volvo pneumatic crane is very popular among consumers, which is explained by its optimal performance, reliability and maintainability. True German quality has deservedly received the love and recognition of users.

Table - Technical parameters of KS-5363

Load capacity, t
on supports:
with minimum hook reach	25
	3,3/4
without supports:
with minimal hook reach	7,5
at maximum hook reach	2,1/2
Minimum hook reach, m	2,5
Maximum hook reach, m	13,8
Minimum hook lifting height, m	16,3
Maximum lifting height of the hook, m	6,4
Main hook lifting speed, m/min	7,5/9
Main hook lowering speed, m/min	0,7-9
Self-propelled crane speed, km/h	3;20
324
174
Minimum turning radius, m	10,3
Engine make	YaMZ-M204A
Engine power, hp	180
Power of electric motors, kW	166
Rear wheel track, m	2,4
Weight of the entire crane, t	33
Counterweight mass (included in the total), t	4

Brands of pneumatic wheel cranes

In addition to the above index “K”, there is also marking:

"MKP" - assembly pneumatic wheel crane.
"MKT" is an assembly crane based on a tractor. Its designation indicates the carrying capacity in tons after the hyphen. For example, MKT-63.
"MKTT" is an assembly crane with a telescopic boom based on a tractor. Here the numbers also indicate the carrying capacity.

The KS-4361 crane is based on a special all-wheel drive wheeled chassis equipped with dual pneumatic tires. The production of equipment under the Yurginets brand began in the 70s. The machine is designed to perform installation and loading work in open areas, as well as in warehouses.

Production was carried out at factories in the cities of Yurga and Kamyshin.

It is allowed to operate equipment with a grab with a capacity of up to 1.5 m³. The working body is mounted on a boom with a length of 10.5 or 15.5 m. The maximum load weight in the bucket is 3700 kg. It is possible to install tower-boom equipment with a structure height of 15 or 20 m. In this case, the machine uses a steerable boom with a reach of 10.5 m. The listed equipment is not included in the standard delivery package.

Technical and lifting characteristics

Overall dimensions of the KS-4361A crane and technical characteristics:
length - 14500 mm;
width (with removed supports) - 3150 mm;
height (with the boom lowered to the transport position) - 3030 mm;
installation weight - 23700 kg;
turning radius - at least 12 m;
load capacity when installing supports - 16 tons;
load capacity without additional supports - 9 tons;
hook lifting height - 4.0-8.8 m (depending on the reach);
speed of lifting and lowering the load - up to 10 m/min;

platform rotation speed - 0.5-2.8 rpm.

The crane is based on a welded frame equipped with 2 bridges. The front steering axle is mounted on a balancer, which improves wheel traction on uneven roads. Changing the wheel alignment angle is performed by hydraulic power cylinders. The rear axle has a rigid suspension. A 2-speed manual transmission is mounted in the center of the frame. Cardan shafts are used to transmit torque to the axles. Axle gearboxes include spur and bevel gears.

On the side beams of the frame there are outriggers equipped with screw jacks. Installation and cleaning of units is carried out using the crane’s hydraulics. The use of supports increases the stability of the machine and increases the load capacity. A rotating platform is installed on the upper surface of the frame, on which all the working components of the machine are mounted. To connect the platform and frame, a 2-row ball ring with a gear ring is used.

See » Technical characteristics of the KS-2561 truck crane

The KS 4361A pneumatic wheel crane is equipped with a diesel power plant, including a 75-horsepower naturally aspirated 4-cylinder SMD-14A unit. The engine crankshaft is connected by an elastic coupling to a turbotransformer, which allows you to smoothly regulate the operating speeds of the machine. The pneumatic system compressor is installed separately from the engine. Torque is transmitted using a V-belt transmission. A fan is used to cool the compressor.

The transmission consists of cam and gear couplings equipped with a hydraulic drive. The nodes include rotation and movement mechanisms, respectively. To control the lifting units, a combined system with pneumatic and hydraulic drive is used. The winches are activated by pneumatic chamber couplings; a similar drive is installed on the reversible drive. Stopping and fixing of the drums is carried out by band brakes.

The standard lattice boom of the crane is 10.5 m long; It is possible to install additional extensions with a size of 5 m (up to 3 pcs.). Additionally, a fixed jib is mounted, having a length of 6 m. When using a jib, the length of the boom is limited to 20 m. There is a hinge unit at the base of the boom; a protective stop is installed to prevent tipping onto the platform.

The machine has a torque converter designed to drive the operating mechanisms of the crane.

A design feature is the installation of boom drive drums, a cargo hook and grab equipment on a single shaft.

The operator is placed in a closed metal cabin. The mechanisms are controlled using levers and pedals.

By special order there are cars with an insulated cabin equipped with an autonomous heater. The pneumatic system is equipped with a water vapor separator. The northern version of the crane allows you to perform work at air temperatures from -60°C.

Transportation

Inside the construction site, the equipment moves independently, reaching speeds of up to 15 km/h. Movement with a payload mounted on the crane boom is allowed. In this case, the unit is located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the machine; the permissible speed does not exceed 3 km/h.

To deliver equipment to the work site, the method of towing with a rigid coupling is used. Trucks are used as tractors; road train speed is 20 km/h. When relocating, the gearbox is moved to the neutral position, and the hydraulic cylinders installed on the steering axle are turned off. Additionally, the driveshaft, which serves to drive the front axle, is removed.

See » TOP-3 models of domestic assembly cranes based on MKT tractors

Delivery over long distances is carried out by rail. Before loading, the wheels are removed from the machine and the boom is disassembled into its component sections. The upper part of the knot is laid on the lower part. Loading is carried out by an assembly crane unit with a lifting capacity of at least 25 tons. If the machine includes additional boom elements, they are transported on another railway platform.