Technology for laying clinker paving stones on a concrete base. Laying clinker paving stones with your own hands. Laying clinker paving stones with your own hands

Laying clinker paving stones is an excellently proven method of landscaping.

The laying technology consists not only of paving or tiles, but also a whole range of preparatory measures.

The advantage of clinker paving stones is that they are immune to mechanical damage and the effects of aggressive and chemical substances.

And often the final quality of the coating depends on the accuracy and competence of the preliminary work.

You should start with a general layout of the territory, studying the nature of the local soil and identifying areas that need to be paved using clinker paving stones or tiles. Determine what load these areas will experience and choose the right method for preparing the foundation.

Let's consider three main types of preparation necessary for high-quality laying of clinker materials.

Required materials and tools:

• shovel, buckets, rake, usually, measuring rod, cord, hose;
• water, sand, cement, crushed stone, trowel, spatula, mallet;
• measuring tape, hydrostatic level;
• adhesive for paving slabs;
• grinder with a metal wheel and a diamond wheel, vibrating plate;
• steel reinforcement with a diameter of 10-15 mm (for a concrete base);
• wooden board 40 mm thick (for concrete base);
• clinker paving stones or paving slabs, border.

Working with sandy base

Laying paving stones on a sandy base: sand; solution; border; paving stones.

This preparation is applicable for sidewalk paths or areas with light loads.

We determine the contour of the site, make markings, and remove the plant layer of soil. We evenly cover the prepared area with sand in a layer of 5-10 cm, which we level with a rake or a rule. We spill water on the sand at the rate of 10 l/sq.m to prevent subsidence of the sidewalk path. Then we compact the resulting base with a vibrating plate.

As a bearing layer we use a cement-sand mixture in a ratio of 1 part cement to 6 parts sand. Having poured a small amount of the supporting layer, we plan the flow of water: it should go into the drainage system or onto the lawn. To do this, a slope is planned in the desired direction with a difference of at least 5 mm per 1 m of length. This can be done using a level and a measuring rod, and then mark the slope with a cord and pegs.

To prevent any displacement of the clinker paving stones during installation or use, it is necessary to install a side curb along the contour markings of the site. It is installed in a trench with a thick cement-sand mortar, while the level of the horizontal plane and the previously planned drainage slope are controlled. The outer side of the curb should be additionally reinforced with a supporting layer of mortar.

Taking into account the difference marked by the cord, the remaining part of the carrier mixture is poured into the space limited by the curb. To properly align the carrier layer, you can measure additional horizontal guides and distribute the carrier mixture along them according to the rule. After this, compact the bedding. The thickness of the load-bearing layer is on average about 10 cm. Its level should be positioned so that the laid layer of clinker paving stones protrudes above the curb line by no more than 5 mm.

After laying the tiles or paving stones, all gaps between them are filled with sifted sand using a brush. Brush movements should be made in different directions. Excess sand should be washed off with a weak stream of water, making sure that it is not washed out of the seams.

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Working with crushed stone base

Laying paving stones on a crushed stone base: crushed stone; sand; border; paving stones

This base is used for the intended movement of passenger vehicles on the paving stones and their parking.

In this option, not sand is poured into the site bed, but a layer of crushed stone of 10-20 cm is poured. Otherwise, the technology coincides with the preparation of the sand base. Compaction, leveling in accordance with the level and drainage slopes, reinforcement with curbs, backfilling with cement-sand mixture, or paving stones are also used.

The final stage after installation is somewhat different. First, the coating is watered with copious amounts of water, then the surface is allowed to dry and the joints are filled with a dry cement-sand mixture. This is followed by repeated watering, but in such a way that the mixture is not washed out of the seams. At the end of watering, there should be no excess or traces of mortar on the surface, and all seams should be completely filled.

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Working with concrete base

Laying paving stones on a concrete base: crushed stone; concrete; screed; border; paving stones.

A concrete base is necessary for landscaping areas with heavy loads and in areas with problematic soil.

Its preparation begins with filling the site bed with crushed stone with a layer of 10-15 cm. But after leveling in accordance with the drainage slope and compaction, wooden formwork should be installed along the contour of the site for pouring concrete. For formwork, it is advisable to use boards 40 mm thick and secure them with stakes every 50-100 cm.

A layer of concrete of about 3 cm is poured inside the formwork onto crushed stone, on which a reinforcing mesh of steel rods with a diameter of 10-15 mm is laid. The rods are pre-cut with a grinder, taking into account the size of the site. After placing the reinforcing mesh, another layer of concrete 5-12 cm thick is poured to the required design level. After pouring concrete, you need to finally form the slopes and levels of the foundation.

After the concrete has hardened and the formwork has been dismantled, the curbs are installed to the required level. Curbs are installed in trenches with crushed stone and cement-sand mortar, with which they are further strengthened from the outside.

A layer of sand or fine screenings up to 3 cm thick is poured and leveled on top of the concrete screed and done. Its seams are filled with mortar or grout, and then covered with a cement-sand mixture, compacted with a vibrating plate and spilled with water. To ensure that the clinker is carefully laid on the concrete base, you can use a special glue. Professional adhesive for laying clinker paving stones and paving slabs ensures their maximum adhesion to the concrete slab.

Preparatory work for laying clinker paving stones begins with marking the paving area. To do this, along the contours of future paved paths and squares, scraps of reinforcement 1.2 meters high are driven in, between which a string is pulled. This designates the space intended for installation. This method allows you to adjust the boundaries of clinker laying before starting excavation work. When marking the area for laying clinker, it is necessary to maintain the proportions of the width of the paths and blind areas. Their width should be a multiple of the width or length of the clinker paving stones. This is done in order to reduce the number of trimming clinker paving stones. Since the width of clinker paving stones at different factories, and even in different collections of the same factory, is slightly different, markings for laying clinker need to be done only after purchasing clinker bricks. After completing the marking, you can begin excavation work. To do this, you need to dig a trench (the so-called “trough”) over the entire area where the clinker is laid, to a depth of 25 cm (for sandy soils) to 40 cm (for clayey soils). After which, the bottom of the excavated pit must be leveled and compacted with a vibrating plate. Leveling the pit must be done with a slope of 1 - 2% from the base of the house to drain storm water into the drainage.

Soil prepared in this way can withstand heavy loads and temperature changes. Then, on the earthen base prepared in this way, a drainage layer of sand, 10 to 20 cm thick, is poured, which is compacted layer by layer with a vibrating plate. It must be taken into account that during the compaction process, the sand layer becomes compacted and becomes thinner, so backfilling must be done with a margin of up to 30% above the planned level. This layer promotes the rapid removal of storm and melt water from the surface of clinker paving stones, and accelerates the penetration of water into the lower layers of the soil. If the base soil is sandy, a drainage layer of sand is not needed. After compacting the drainage layer, the supporting layer of the path is backfilled; crushed stone is best suited for this purpose. Granite crushed stone, fractions 5 - 20 mm, is usually used. Before filling the crushed stone, it is necessary to lay a layer on top of the sand layer that will not allow these two layers to mix. As in the previous operation, the layer of crushed stone must be filled with a reserve in height, since when compacting the crushed stone shrinks, the so-called wedging of crushed stone occurs. Crushed stone, in this case, allows you to distribute the load on the clinker paving stones, both from vehicles and pedestrians, and from the ground.

The thickness of the bearing layer of crushed stone for pedestrian or garden paths made of clinker ranges from 10 to 15 cm, and for car parking lots or roadways from 15 to 25 cm, with layer-by-layer compaction using a vibrating plate. The compaction of bulk materials is always done very carefully, otherwise, over time, subsidence of the clinker paving stones is possible. Having finished compacting the crushed stone, another layer of geotextile is laid on it, and a leveling layer of sand is poured onto it. Geotextiles will prevent sand from penetrating into the underlying layer of crushed stone, mixing layers of “road pavement” and subsidence of clinker paving stones. In this case, sand is required to be clean, free of dust and clay inclusions, allowing water to be drained quickly and without delay from the surface of the clinker. River sand or washed quarry sand, without foreign inclusions in the form of lumps of clay or gravel, is suitable for this. The leveling layer of sand serves as a bed for laying clinker paving stones, and its thickness ranges from 3 to 5 cm.

The thickness of the leveling layer cannot go beyond the given limits due to the technological features of laying clinker paving stones. When laying clinker paving stones on a path, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of securing the end stone, unless, of course, the edge of the path rests against the foundation of a house or the base of a fence. Usually the clinker along the edge of the path is attached with a special curb element, made of the same clinker, but of a special shape, or ordinary clinker brick is used for this purpose; as a rule, both the curb and the clinker brick are installed on a concrete base, with reinforcement in two rods. Otherwise, over time, the concrete may crack and the clinker may spread. Granite paving stones of the same color as, or darker, are sometimes used as an end stone to enhance the optical effect. Sometimes, to secure the outer clinker, instead of concrete, a special plastic corner is used, with steel rods securing it to the ground and ensuring reliable fixation of the clinker paving stones from horizontal movement.

This strengthening of the outer clinker is very often used if the laying plane of the clinker paving stones is located significantly higher than the lawn. The installation of outer clinker instead of curbs or curbs made of clinker paving stones is carried out in such a way that the calculated number of whole clinker bricks is placed between them. If this is not provided for, a row of cut clinker bricks will appear on the path, spoiling the appearance of the path and increasing the cost of paving with clinker paving stones. Typically, clinker paving stones are laid without seams, end to end, and measurements are taken not one brick at a time, but at least 10 clinker bricks laid end to end. In the event that the laying pattern of clinker paving stones, or the clinker paving technology, implies the presence of seams, the calculation of the width of the path or platform is made taking into account the seam between adjacent clinker bricks. Laying of clinker paving stones on the underlying layer of sand is carried out with a reserve in height, in such a way that after compacting it with a vibrating plate, it drops by 1 - 2 cm, to the corresponding calculated paving level.

Laying of clinker paving stones is always carried out with a slight slope of 1 - 2%, from the house, ensuring rapid drainage of storm and flood waters from the surface of the clinker paving stones, in. When installing rainwater inlets and rain gutters, they are usually installed just below the paving plane of the clinker paving stones. Installation of rainwater inlets and drainage trays is always carried out using concrete or cement-containing mortars, regardless of the method of laying clinker paving stones. Often, laying clinker has to be done on a ready-made concrete base. In this case, it is necessary to check the elevations of the poured concrete base for laying clinker paving stones, and the slopes, as well as the flatness of the concrete slab.

If concave surfaces of the concrete base are detected, with deviations exceeding 2 mm/m, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of draining water from under the clinker paving stones. Otherwise, in the spring, clinker bricks may swell in places where melt water accumulates under the surface of the clinker, due to its repeated freezing. Water drainage from under the clinker paving stones must be provided along the entire perimeter of the concrete slab, especially on the lower side. When laying clinker paving stones on a concrete base, it is necessary to use geotextiles to prevent sand from being washed out from under the clinker. In addition, geotextiles are necessarily used in places where the blind area adjoins the base of the house.

When talking about laying clinker paving stones on a concrete base, it is impossible to ignore the negative aspects of using concrete and cement-containing mortars when working with materials such as clinker. Surely, many of you have noticed ugly whitish or yellowish streaks on new brick houses. These are salt deposits, so-called, formed for various reasons (usually due to violation of the technology of work and storage of materials). The same efflorescence is formed when laying clinker paving stones, when using cement-containing mortars. Efflorescence on clinker bricks are crystalline salt formations in the form of thin films or loose crystalline growths, relatively firmly associated with the surface of the clinker paving stones. The efflorescence formed on the clinker surface worsens the decorative qualities of clinker paving stones and reduces the strength of structures.

The appearance of efflorescence on clinker paving stones is a direct consequence of the use of materials that include cement when laying them. In addition, efflorescence is formed when bulk materials with a high content of water-soluble compounds are used for laying clinker paving stones. Often the cause of the formation of efflorescence on the surface of clinker paving stones is water containing foreign substances. Improper storage conditions for building materials and low temperatures when laying clinker bricks are also one of the reasons for the appearance of efflorescence on clinker paving stones. on the surface of clinker paving stones are extensive and varied; their appearance can be avoided by following the technology of laying clinker paving stones, but getting rid of efflorescence is quite difficult. To clean clinker paving stones from salt deposits, washes are used, but each time they have to be selected experimentally. In addition, even complete cleaning of clinker from efflorescence does not guarantee against their reappearance without eliminating the causes that caused them.

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Used as paving is a good solution when choosing a building material for paving slabs around the house, intended for garden paths, driveways or clinker steps for your home. Rectangular, classically shaped products made from paving clinker on the pavement ensure the laying of all kinds of different structures. The installation of paving clinker is not difficult, although it requires special attention and the necessary precision. To make a road surface from paving clinker paving stones, you need material for backfill, material for seams and the necessary tools.

Where to start laying clinker paving stones

Work on laying clinker paving stones should begin by examining the soft soil at the top of the soil. The top soil is removed and can be stored for possible later use. The rest of the soil should be prepared so that it is durable and has sufficient load-bearing capacity. This may require compacting the base. A load-bearing layer is distributed on the base, the thickness of which depends on the amount of previously removed earth. The layer serves as a fill or top leveler, and also transfers loads. It must be made, for example, from a mixture of gravel and sand with a grain size of 0/16, 0/32 and 0/45 mm. Depending on the properties of the base, on the surface on which heavy vehicles will not drive, apply from 20 cm (on a sandy base) to 40 cm (if the base is clay) of a load-bearing layer and knock this layer down using a vibrator.

Dewatering and other preparatory work for paving stones

For the correct functioning of paving clinker pavement, the key indicator of clinker paving stones is careful dewatering - all parameters must be determined for this. At this stage, the type of bonding of clinker bricks, tiles (for example, herringbone, block) and the size of the sidewalk, side borders are also selected.

Leveling and graining the surface before laying paving bricks

Uneven ground (on which the load-bearing layer will be) must be leveled so that there is a flat, parallel surface. A sand and pebble layer is applied to the prepared, flat surface using the grain size (for example, a mixture with a fraction of 0/16, 0/32, 0/45 mm).

Borders of the edge of a clinker paving stone path

Strong edge boundaries ensure adequate strength of the entire walkway, especially when there are differences in height with the surrounding area or when clinker paving stones are adjacent to an unpaved surface. In the latter case, a layer of concrete is made as a support, a kind of foundation for the subsequent layer. Its position must be accurately measured and determined using a rope. The position of the edge boundary is calculated based on the measurement of the nominal value of the clinker paving stones and the dimensions of the joints of at least 3 mm. When determining the height of the edge, the need for adequate drainage, with a sufficient slope (min. 2.5%) should be taken into account. The outflow should always lead to the street, in the direction opposite to the building.

Production of the load-bearing layer of the upper surface for paving clinker

After the edge boundary, it is necessary to prepare the final layer of the load-bearing top surface. This layer should consist of material of varying thickness. Very fine components (below 0.063 mm, such as flour, clays, etc.) should not exceed 5% of the volume of this layer. The structural height of the surface and therefore of the bedding together with the clinker paving stones results from the measurement of the concentrated base (from 3 to max. 5 cm) and the thickness of the clinker paving stones covering. The highest point of the supporting layer plays an important role as the element on which the clinker will be applied. It must be especially carefully executed (in height) in layers in such a way that a closed, even and flat surface is created. Ballast for the sidewalk is made from crumbs with a fraction of 0/4, 0/5 or 0/8 mm. A suitable material, such as a mixture of fine crushed stone flour, such as basalt or diabase. The backfill material must be distributed, taking into account the density indicator, into a layer of uniform thickness. Preliminary compaction of the bedding material is an essential condition for preparing the surface for laying clinker paving stones. This minimizes the possibility of soil subsidence.

Laying clinker brick paving stones

The laying of the clinker sidewalk proceeds in stages, setting the boundaries of the surface fragments with ties so that all tying has a symmetrical arrangement of seams. There are two reasons why it is necessary to maintain a minimum 3mm joint width, this will even out the small, inevitable differences in paving dimensions resulting from tolerances, and will also ensure that the gap width between the individual clinker bricks is adequate to allow the joints to be filled as a whole. This is necessary to obtain the required stability of the layer, since only well-filled joints can withstand horizontal forces without causing any damage. When laying paving bricks, it is necessary to frequently check the newly laid pieces of the fabric. They should converge in one transverse line. In the case of some connections, in particular herringbone, it becomes necessary to use additional clinker paving stones (half pieces) when framing the edges and if it is clinker bricks at the corners of the building walls. It is best to cut them in reserve as part of the preparatory work, and then lay them together with the whole clinker. New fragments always go in the direction of already laid bricks. This would not have been possible without proper preparation and increasing the density of the bedding.

How to make seams on the surface of paving stones, indicators of clinker paving stones

On the surface of clinker paving stones, it is necessary to immediately apply the material to the seams and insert it into the cracks between the clinker bricks. Crevices are best done on a regular basis during the clinker laying process. After the final leveling of the laid clinker paving stones, grouting material is applied. It must be adapted to the material from which the ballast is made. If a mixture of fine crushed stone from hard stone, fraction 0/4, 0/5, 0/8 mm, is selected as ballast, then joint fillers should be used from a mixture of the same materials, fraction 0/4 mm. The material on the seams should not penetrate into the bedding in order to achieve stability of the road surface. The material applied to the clinker completely fills the cracks. It may be better to perform this operation with wet bedding. After this, excess joint material must be removed from the surface of the clinker paving stones. It should be remembered that it is necessary to avoid softening of the bedding under the paving stones.

Completion of work with paving clinker paving stones

Before final compaction, it is necessary to wait so that the surface of the paving clinker has time to live. The surface is compacted using a vibrator. The vibrator must be set to a medium frequency (not too high) so as not to destroy the symmetry of the seams. After completing work with clinker paving stones, the surface should not be used for at least several days. Additionally, you must reapply the joint filling material. Thanks to this, complete filling and connection of the seams is achieved, which is very important for the subsequent stability of the surface of the paving bricks.

Laying KERAWIL clinker paving stones. Technology

Landscaping related to laying KERAWIL clinker paving stones German experts recommend starting with soil analysis and organizing an effective drainage system. Depending on the density of the soil and the expected dynamic loads, one or another scheme is selected preparing the base for laying clinker paving stones. 90% of the reliability and durability of the future coating depends on careful adherence to the technology for preparing the underlying layers.

Two options apply laying clinker paving stones on a concrete and sand-gravel base.
Let's consider each option in detail.

Remember:
water and temperature fluctuations are the main natural causes of destruction of the coating from clinker paving stones!

ʘ Laying KERAWIL clinker paving stones on a concrete base. discuss work and prices

After excavating the soil to the calculated depth, compacting the bottom of the bathtub and a layer of sand of 5-6 cm, a reinforcing road mesh with a cell of 100x100 is laid out on it, which is filled with concrete to a height of 150 mm with a slope towards the precipitation collection and drainage system of at least 2%. Laying of clinker paving stones and tiles is carried out either using a dry sand-cement mixture with mandatory grouting of the joints with hydrophobic grout with force and to a depth of at least 3 cm, or using durable porous water-permeable adhesive series TUBAG or on a layer of fine sand no more than 5 cm thick.

How to maintain a beautiful and expensive coating clinker paving stones KERAWIL for many years?

1. prevent water from penetrating the seams and then under clinker paving stones. For this after laying clinker paving stones on a dry sand-cement mixture (“gartzovka”), it is necessary to carefully seal the seams with hydrophobic grout to a depth of at least 4 cm. In this case, thanks to the observed conditions laying clinker paving stones slope (at least 2%), water will flow along the surface of the coating to the edge of the site, where it will flow through the trays into the storm sewer receivers. Durability of clinker coating KERAWIL directly depends on the quality of the grout and strict adherence to the technology for sealing joints.

Please note that the work of filling the seams in KERAWIL clinker paving stones with a hydrophobic composition is very labor-intensive, almost jewel-like, and does not allow deviations from the technology. All attempts to speed up or simplify it inevitably lead to damage to the appearance of a beautiful and expensive material. Do not trust grouting to “can-do-it-all” handymen.

The surface of KERAWIL clinker paving stones has small pores, this is provided for by German engineering standards. This surface prevents shoes from slipping in wet weather. Porcelain tiles and ceramic tiles, especially glazed ones, do not have pores. The seams can be grouted using the “pouring method”, and after grouting, the remaining mortar from the surface of the material can be removed with a stream of water, a brush and a sponge, but still only after the mortar has set in the seams.

An instructive example , Very beautiful dark clinker paving stones KERAWIL of the Ker аtique series (aged brick) were supplied to one of the objects in the near Moscow region. The paving stones were laid on a good-quality concrete base using a home-made sand-cement mixture: sand + cement. Laying was carried out in the fall, sometimes in damp weather.

Upon completion of the installation, a colored dry mixture was purchased for grouting the joints of the anthracite clinker paving stones from the Quick-mix plant. The mixture was produced in Germany and was significantly different in price from the mixture produced in Noginsk.

You need to know that the color of the grout declared by the manufacturer very much depends on the amount of added water, and even a slight deviation from the recommended proportions can lead to a change in color. In our case, the proportions were respected.

In accordance with the technology for grouting seams of clinker paving stones, it is necessary to fill the seam with mortar to the entire thickness of the brick, but not less than 3 cm, compact it as much as possible and remove the excess top layer to the level of the paving stone chamfer. The work is carried out carefully and therefore slowly. It is necessary to completely exclude the possibility of the solution getting on the surface of the paving stones, because the solution will quickly penetrate the pores of the material and harden there: it is not possible to remove it from the pores either physically or chemically.

In our example, the workers did not hesitate to use the traditional “pour” method. According to the markings on the bags, the material corresponded to the expiration date. The mixture was mixed with water exactly observing the specified proportions and... the solution was poured onto the paving stones. Then, using a rubber spatula, we drove the mortar over the paving stones and thus filled the seams. The entire surface was stained with solution.

In order for the grout to have the color stated on the packaging after drying, additional contact with water must be completely excluded until it has completely hardened, but on the other hand, in order to clean the surface of the brick from the mortar, it must be washed off before it has yet set to the brick. That’s what they did: they poured water, rubbed it with a brush, the uncured solution was washed to the surface and again had to be removed with a stream of water and a brush - a closed cycle.

The next day, the grout set, and the brick dried out a little and it became clear that the expensive anthracite grout had turned into ordinary gray-cement-colored putty, and the expensive brick was covered with an indelible “gray” coating.

The customer was indignant - he was deceived! For a lot of money they sold him cheap cement putty, which ruined the beautiful, expensive brick. Let's sue the supplier!

We called a representative of the manufacturer's plant. He took half a bag of the scandalous dry mixture and a couple of days later sent a photo of a black block and reported that the color of the experimental seam exactly corresponded to what was stated on the packaging. Naturally, the customer did not believe him and insisted that this was deception and fraud and everything was in collusion.

Guessing what the real reason was, while inspecting the seams, we quietly peeled off the top layer of gray grout and discovered a real anthracite color underneath! The explanation is simple - an excess amount of water penetrated into the top layer of the uncured grout and changed its color

We tried to explain to the customer that the technology for using the grout was violated and that it was this, and not its poor quality, that led to such negative consequences: gray color instead of anthracite and spoiled beautiful and expensive material. They didn't hear us.

2. Water that has penetrated into the seams must be “drained” from the surface of the concrete base. For this purpose, trust (water-permeable) special tile adhesive of the series is used TUBAG, with a unique combination of properties: porous structure and high dynamic strength. Cost per meter clinker paving stone coverings KERAWIL for trust glue is higher than for garter glue, but the period of trouble-free operation of clinker coating laid on a trust takes many times longer.
If the loads on the paved surface are insignificant - garden and walking paths, then the quality of the material for which clinker paving stones are laid Fine river sifted sand (layer 4-5 cm) can be used, followed by compacting the finished surface, pouring and pouring the seams. And in this case, water easily penetrates through the seams under clinker paving slabs and along the surface of the load-bearing concrete slab (slope of at least 2%) “merges” to the edge and then into the storm drain.
3. provide expansion joints in concrete base, they will protect it from destruction during seasonal swelling of the soil. Do not be upset if in the spring you notice a suddenly formed step (3-10 mm high) on a paved surface in places where expansion joints of the concrete base pass under the coating. Piece paving materials such as clinker paving stones can “play the heights” while remaining unharmed. But the grout in some seams is still destroyed, so during the warm season it is recommended to update the grout in these seams. The work is minor, but it will preserve the beauty and will long extend the life of your beautifully laid garden path clinker paving stones.

Advantages of laying KERAWIL clinker paving stones on a concrete base:
- opportunity laying clinker paving stones in an area with soil subject to seasonal swelling;
- opportunity laying clinker paving stones in areas with high dynamic load (roads, parking lots and other areas);

Disadvantages of laying KERAWIL clinker paving stones on a concrete base:
- guaranteed “rebound” of the clinker material from the concrete base in case of water penetration through the seams under the coating.
- water drained from the surface of the clinker coating significantly increases the load on the storm sewer system
- the soil covered with a concrete base reinforced with a metal road mesh is deprived of natural water exchange (irrigation and evaporation), its water balance is disturbed and the life of beneficial microorganisms gradually fades away, which certainly affects the ecology of the entire site.

ʘ Laying KERAWIL clinker paving stones on bulk materials - crushed stone and sand:work and prices

If the soil on the territory of the site where landscaping work is being carried out does not have clay locks extending above the freezing zone (in central Russia - at least 1.5 meters), then it is necessary lay clinker paving stones onto several densely compacted layers of earth, crushed stone, fine sand or granite screenings. It is necessary to compact very carefully every 5 cm of the load-bearing crushed stone layer.
Some German craftsmen recommend compacting layers of crushed stone while simultaneously pouring water. The density of the load-bearing layers increases significantly.
Neither adhesives, nor expansion joints or hydrophobic grouts are needed in this case.

Drainage is carried out through seams between paving stones, then through the underlying layer (sand or granite screenings), even deeper - through layers of mineral crushed stone into the ground. Half an hour after the heaviest rainfall on the site paved using this technology clinker paving stones KERAWIL no traces remain of the water.
In short, technology for laying clinker paving stones KERAWIL looks like that:
- the use of a carefully compacted cushion of mineral crushed stone as a load-bearing layer, the thickness of which is determined by the magnitude of the expected load on the coating, followed by laying clinker paving stones on sand or granite screenings;
- repeated tapping of seams between clinker paving stones fine sand, finishing compaction with a vibrating plate with a polyurethane sole.

Between the layer of crushed stone and sand, you can lay geotextiles with a small cell - it will protect the underlying sand layer from being washed away by water going into the ground.

Clinker paving stones laid using this technology not afraid of water, frost, does not cause environmental damage to the site. Being a product made from 100% natural raw materials - clay with a natural color range, clinker paving stones KERAWIL fits absolutely organically into the most sophisticated landscape architecture.

Clinker paving stonesKERAWIL It is not afraid of chipping and intense abrasion, since it does not have an external color coating and consists of a material that is uniform in color.

Careful preparatory work is the main condition for the correct installation of clinker paving stones. Standard preparation rules are not very different in any type of paving. Work always begins with marking the site. This is usually done using wooden pegs or fittings and a regular cord. In this way, you can not only designate the area intended for, but also make the necessary adjustments to the boundaries.

Clinker paving stones are resistant to mechanical damage and exposure to aggressive and chemical substances.

How to choose material?

When calculating the purchase of material, it is necessary to take into account that it is advisable to make the width of the paths a multiple of the length or width of the clinker brick. Therefore, when taking measurements, you need to have a sample of several bricks from the exact manufacturer and batch from which the entire area will be paved. When purchasing paving stones, you need to take into account a reserve of 5-10% for all kinds of pruning.

Once the boundaries of future paving have been fenced and marked, you can begin excavation work. At this stage, differences appear in the preparation for laying clinker paving stones. After carefully studying the characteristics of the local soil, taking into account the load that the areas under the paving will experience, you need to choose the right method for preparing the base. Based on technical parameters and execution of work, there are three main types of preparation for high-quality installation. Let's look at each in detail.

Sandy base

This preparation is used mainly for pedestrian paths and areas that will not be subject to loads. After making the markings, remove the plant layer and make a small depression, calculating that the entire layer will be approximately 7-10 cm plus the thickness of the paving stones. Sprinkle sand evenly into the bottom of the resulting bath in a layer of about 5-10 cm. Level it and pour water on it. One square meter of area requires 10 liters of water. Small puddles should appear on the surface. After this, the sand must be compacted.

Then we pour and form a supporting layer. To do this, take a cement-sand mixture in a ratio of 1:5 and, using the rule, distribute it evenly over the entire area, taking into account drainage. When installing a blind area around a building, it is necessary to make a slope from the wall of at least 5 mm per 1 meter. On the paths, slopes are planned either in one direction into the drainage system, or in two directions with the arched surface of the clinker paving stones. To avoid confusion during installation, slopes are marked with pegs and a cord.

Next, you need to install side slip limiters in the form of a curb. This is done like this: a trench of a certain depth is dug along one side of the marking. In this case, it is taken into account that the upper edge of the curb should be 5 mm below the laying area, and at the bottom stand on a cement-sand cushion of 4-8 cm. The outside of the curb is also compacted with mortar. After installing one side, we lay a couple of rows of paving stones to measure the distance between the curbs. Then we dig a trench and install the second row.

After compacting the bedding, we check the depth and slopes of the resulting layer. If the technology is followed, we proceed to installation. We tap the laid brick with a rubber mallet and constantly check the flatness. For pedestrian areas, clinker paving stones are installed without gaps. Upon completion of installation, sprinkle the entire paving plane with clean sifted sand and distribute it along the seams using a brush or broom. The remaining sand is carefully washed off with low pressure of water.

Crushed stone base

This method is used for parking areas and moderate passenger traffic. This technology has gained wide popularity and is even used for garden paths and blind areas of buildings. After marking is completed, a trench is dug across the entire width of the paving area. For sandy soils, 25 cm is enough, and for clay soils - up to 40 cm deep. The base of the resulting pit is carefully compacted taking into account the slope to drain wastewater. Drainage sand is poured onto the bottom, leveled and compacted with water. The result should be a layer of 15-20 cm.

It is advisable to lay a geotextile sheet on top and you can begin filling the load-bearing layer of the path. For this, crushed stone with a fraction of 5 to 20 mm is used. Every 5 cm of crushed stone is compacted over the entire plane before pouring the next layer. In this way, they reach the design thickness, which ranges from 10-15 cm for pedestrian paths to 15-30 cm for parking lots and roadways of streets with light traffic. The quality of the plane of clinker paving stones without subsidence and sliding depends on the thoroughness of compaction.

Before the next layer, another layer of geotextile is laid so that the components do not mix. Sand is poured onto it and leveled taking into account slopes to drain water. It is advisable to select clean river or quarry sand, washed without foreign inclusions of dirt and clay. This will allow water to be drained from the surface of the sites quickly and without delay. The thickness of the sand should not exceed 3-5 cm.

Where the site does not abut the foundations of a house or fence, the paving should be protected with curbs. Installation of the curb is carried out in the same way as with a sandy base, only due to the larger area and load, a couple of steel rods need to be laid in the base.

If the design involves the installation of rain gutters, they need to be mounted 2-5 mm below the main area of ​​the masonry. The slope to storm water inlets is made at 1-2% to ensure rapid drainage of melt and storm water. Installation of such trays must be carried out using cement-containing mortars or concrete.

Concrete base

This method of preparing the laying of clinker paving stones is used for landscaping areas with heavy loads and in cases where the soil is not very reliable.

In the absence of a concrete platform, the base is prepared as follows. In accordance with the markings, remove the soil to a depth of 25 cm. Clean the bottom and compact it, observing the slopes. Fill in crushed stone with a fraction of 5-20 mm, level and compact it. Along the markings, formwork is installed from boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm. If the area of ​​pouring concrete is more than 15 m2, it is recommended to make thermal joints, otherwise the base may crack. You need to prepare in advance a reinforcing mesh or individual rods for reinforcing concrete with a diameter of 10-15 mm.

The filling mixture is prepared from cement, sand and crushed stone in a ratio of 1:3:2. Fill a layer of 5 cm, level it and lay the reinforcing mesh. A layer of concrete 5-12 cm thick is poured on top to the design level. At the end of the pouring, you need to form levels and slopes.

After the base hardens, curbs are installed at a pre-marked level. We remember that clinker paving stones should be 5 mm higher than the curb. Based on this, after removing the formwork, we clean the trenches along the concrete platform. We fill the bottom with a 5 cm layer of crushed stone. Cement-sand mortar and on top, tapping with a mallet, press the curb. We also strengthen the outside with mortar.

Pour and level a layer of sand or screenings onto the screed.

We compact it lightly until a worker can walk through without falling through.

The thickness of the sand is approximately 3 cm. It is made on top of it. When finished, the seams are covered with sand and watered several times. The entire area is compacted with a vibrating plate.

A few words about the actual paving of clinker paving stones. The technology is the same for any base, whether you are laying a sidewalk path or a road surface. Start by attaching the orientation laces. One of them is pulled parallel to the wall and strictly perpendicular to the laying line. Lay out the first piece of the pattern and transfer it to the entire laying surface. Compact each paving stone into a single area using a rubber mallet. If the paving stones are buried below the level, they are removed, sand is poured into the hole and tapped into place again. If necessary, clinker bricks are trimmed using a grinder with a diamond wheel.

Upon completion of laying, the seams between the paving stones must be filled with sand, distributed over the site with a brush and sprayed with low pressure water. When the sand dries, the procedure must be repeated. The third time the sand wakes up after three weeks, when the fresh backfill subsides. After a month, it is advisable to repeat the procedure. Subsequently, the sand is cemented naturally, mixing with dirt and dust. Over time, the paving stones take on their final form and serve for many years.