Our universe is a hologram. Our universe is a hologram, scientists have proven. And then an explanatory aspect appeared
How did the Universe appear and what awaits it? What is our place in the Big Cosmos? Our civilization has no answers to these questions. Hypotheses about the Big Bang, about the parallelism of many universes, about the holographic nature of the world - remain unproven assumptions.
For the first time, the “crazy” idea of universal illusoryness was born by University of London physicist David Bohm, a colleague of Albert Einstein, in the middle of the 20th century.
According to his theory, the whole world is structured approximately the same as a hologram.
Just as any no matter how small section of a hologram contains the entire image of a three-dimensional object, so every existing object is “embedded” in each of its component parts.
From this it follows that objective reality does not exist, Professor Bohm made a stunning conclusion then. - Even despite its obvious density, the Universe is at its core a phantasm, a gigantic, luxuriously detailed hologram.
Let us remind you that a hologram is a three-dimensional photograph taken with a laser. To make it, first of all, the object being photographed must be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern (alternating minima and maxima of the beams), which can be recorded on film.
The finished photo looks like a meaningless layering of light and dark lines. But as soon as you illuminate the image with another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object immediately appears.
Three-dimensionality is not the only remarkable property inherent in a hologram.
If a hologram of, say, a tree is cut in half and illuminated with a laser, each half will contain a whole image of the same tree at exactly the same size. If we continue to cut the hologram into smaller pieces, on each of them we will again find an image of the entire object as a whole.
Unlike conventional photography, each section of the hologram contains information about the entire subject, but with a proportionally corresponding decrease in clarity.
The principle of the hologram “everything in every part” allows us to approach the issue of organization and orderliness in a completely new way, explained Professor Bohm. - For most of its history, Western science has developed with the idea that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, be it a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its component parts.
The hologram showed us that some things in the universe cannot be explored in this way. If we dissect something arranged holographically, we will not get the parts of which it consists, but we will get the same thing, but with less accuracy.
AND HERE APPEARED AN ASPECT THAT EXPLAINS EVERYTHING
Bohm’s “crazy” idea was also prompted by a sensational experiment with elementary particles in his time. A physicist at the University of Paris, Alain Aspect, discovered in 1982 that, under certain conditions, electrons can instantly communicate with each other, regardless of the distance between them.
It doesn't matter if there are ten millimeters between them or ten billion kilometers. Somehow each particle always knows what the other is doing. There was only one problem with this discovery: it violates Einstein’s postulate about the limiting speed of interaction propagation, equal to the speed of light.
Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this frightening prospect has caused physicists to strongly doubt the Aspect's work.
But Bohm managed to find an explanation. According to him, elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange some mysterious signals with each other, but because their separation is illusory. He explained that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.
“For better understanding, the professor illustrated his intricate theory with the following example,” wrote the author of the book “The Holographic Universe” Michael Talbot. - Imagine an aquarium with fish. Imagine also that you cannot see the aquarium directly, but can only observe two television screens that transmit images from cameras, one located in front and the other on the side of the aquarium.
Looking at the screens, you can conclude that the fish on each of the screens are separate objects. Because cameras capture images from different angles, the fish look different. But, as you continue to observe, after a while you will discover that there is a relationship between the two fish on different screens.
When one fish turns, the other also changes direction, slightly differently, but always according to the first. When you see one fish from the front, another is certainly in profile. If you don’t have a complete picture of the situation, you are more likely to conclude that the fish must somehow instantly communicate with each other, that this is not a fact of random coincidence.”
The obvious superluminal interaction between particles tells us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us, Bohm explained the phenomenon of Aspect’s experiments, of a higher dimension than ours, as in the analogy with the aquarium. We see these particles as separate only because we see only part of reality.
And the particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately as holographic and invisible as the tree mentioned above.
And since everything in physical reality consists of these “phantoms,” the Universe we observe is itself a projection, a hologram.
What else the hologram may contain is not yet known.
Suppose, for example, that it is the matrix that gives rise to everything in the world; at a minimum, it contains all the elementary particles that have taken or will once take every possible form of matter and energy - from snowflakes to quasars, from blue whales to gamma rays. It's like a universal supermarket that has everything.
Although Bohm admitted that we have no way of knowing what else the hologram contains, he took it upon himself to assert that we have no reason to assume that there is nothing more in it. In other words, perhaps the holographic level of the world is simply one of the stages of endless evolution.
AN OPTIMIST'S OPINION
Psychologist Jack Kornfield, speaking about his first meeting with the late Tibetan Buddhist teacher Kalu Rinpoche, recalls that the following dialogue took place between them:
Could you tell me in a few sentences the very essence of Buddhist teachings?
I could do it, but you won't believe me, and it will take you many years to understand what I'm talking about.
Anyway, please explain, I really want to know. Rinpoche's answer was very short:
You don't really exist.
TIME IS MADE OF GRANULES
But is it possible to “feel” this illusory nature with instruments? It turned out yes. For several years now, research has been underway in Germany using the GEO600 gravitational telescope built in Hannover (Germany) to detect gravitational waves, oscillations in space-time that create supermassive space objects.
However, not a single wave could be found over the years. One of the reasons is strange noises in the range from 300 to 1500 Hz, which the detector records for a long time. They really interfere with his work.
Researchers searched in vain for the source of the noise until they were accidentally contacted by the director of the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab, Craig Hogan.
He stated that he understood what was going on. According to him, it follows from the holographic principle that space-time is not a continuous line and, most likely, is a collection of microzones, grains, a kind of space-time quanta.
And the accuracy of the GEO600 equipment today is sufficient to detect vacuum fluctuations occurring at the boundaries of the quanta of space, the very grains of which, if the holographic principle is correct, the Universe consists, Professor Hogan explained.
According to him, GEO600 just stumbled upon a fundamental limitation of space-time - that very “grain”, like the grain of a magazine photograph. And he perceived this obstacle as “noise.”
And Craig Hogan, following Bohm, repeats with conviction:
If the GEO600 results correspond to my expectations, then we all really live in a huge hologram of universal proportions.
The detector's readings so far exactly match his calculations, and it seems that the scientific world is on the verge of a grand discovery.
Experts remind that once extraneous noises that infuriated researchers at Bell Laboratory - a large research center in the field of telecommunications, electronic and computer systems - during experiments in 1964, have already become a harbinger of a global change in the scientific paradigm: this is how cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which proved the hypothesis about the Big Bang.
And scientists are waiting for proof of the holographic nature of the Universe when the Holometer device starts working at full power. Scientists hope that it will increase the amount of practical data and knowledge of this extraordinary discovery, which still belongs to the field of theoretical physics.
The detector is designed like this: they shine a laser through a beam splitter, from there two beams pass through two perpendicular bodies, are reflected, come back, merge together and create an interference pattern, where any distortion reports a change in the ratio of the lengths of the bodies, since the gravitational wave passes through the bodies and compresses or stretches space unequally in different directions.
“The Holometer will allow us to increase the scale of space-time and see whether assumptions about the fractional structure of the Universe, based purely on mathematical conclusions, are confirmed,” Professor Hogan suggests.
The first data obtained using the new device will begin to arrive in the middle of this year.
OPINION OF A PESSIMIST
President of the Royal Society of London, cosmologist and astrophysicist Martin Rees: “The birth of the Universe will forever remain a mystery to us”
We cannot understand the laws of the universe. And you will never know how the Universe came into being and what awaits it. Hypotheses about the Big Bang, which allegedly gave birth to the world around us, or that many others can exist in parallel with our Universe, or about the holographic nature of the world - will remain unproven assumptions.
Undoubtedly, there are explanations for everything, but there are no geniuses who could understand them. The human mind is limited. And he reached his limit. Even today, we are as far from understanding, for example, the microstructure of vacuum, as we are from fish in an aquarium, which have absolutely no idea how the environment in which they live works.
For example, I have reason to suspect that space has a cellular structure. And each of its cells is trillions of trillions of times smaller than an atom. But we cannot prove or disprove this, or understand how such a design works. The task is too complex, beyond the reach of the human mind.
The heterogeneity of the Universe has been proven
There is growing evidence that some parts of the universe may be special.
One of the cornerstones of modern astrophysics is the cosmological principle.
According to it, observers on Earth see the same thing as observers from any other point in the Universe, and that the laws of physics are the same everywhere.
Many observations support this idea. For example, the Universe looks more or less the same in all directions, with approximately the same distribution of galaxies on all sides.
But in recent years, some cosmologists have begun to doubt the validity of this principle.
They point to evidence from studies of Type 1 supernovae, which are moving away from us at ever-increasing speeds, indicating not only that the Universe is expanding, but also that its expansion is accelerating.
It is curious that the acceleration is not the same for all directions. The Universe is accelerating faster in some directions than in others.
But how much can you trust this data? It is possible that in some directions we are observing a statistical error, which will disappear with proper analysis of the data obtained.
Rong-Jen Kai and Zhong-Liang Tuo from the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, once again checked the data obtained from 557 supernovae from all parts of the Universe and repeated the calculations.
Today they confirmed the presence of heterogeneity. According to their calculations, the fastest acceleration occurs in the constellation Vulpecula in the northern hemisphere. These findings are consistent with other studies suggesting that there is inhomogeneity in the cosmic microwave background radiation.
This may force cosmologists to come to a bold conclusion: the cosmological principle is wrong.
An exciting question arises: why is the Universe heterogeneous and how will this affect existing models of the cosmos?
GlobalScience.ru
Screen adaptations with fragments of N.V. Levashov’s harmonious cosmogonic theory of the Heterogeneity of the Universe:
Having known unity of the laws of micro- and macrocosm, you will learn what “black holes” really are, one must assume, otherwise you will have a different attitude towards the history of mankind and also towards the mistakes - large and insignificant - of great scientists, recognized authorities and forgotten by many seers, whose hypotheses, perhaps, gave humanity an immeasurably greater chance than the firm conclusions of academic luminaries. You will find here an explanation of what the Universe is, but, most importantly, you yourself must draw a conclusion about the path that a person can and should follow.
The film touches on the topic of so-called astral animals, what harm or benefit they can bring to living beings in symbiosis with them.
Diversity of life. Series "Man". Part I I
All our thoughts, desires, and most importantly actions influence the processes leading to karma in the form of serious illnesses and congenital disabilities. And unfortunately, no amount of repentance and prayer in front of icons removes the consequences of what was done.
There is growing evidence that some parts of the universe may be special. One of the cornerstones of modern astrophysics is the cosmological principle. According to it, observers on Earth see the same thing as observers from anywhere else in the Universe, and that the laws of physics are the same everywhere.
Many observations support this idea. For example, the Universe looks more or less the same in all directions, with approximately the same distribution of galaxies on all sides.
But in recent years, some cosmologists have begun to doubt the validity of this principle.
They point to evidence from studies of Type 1 supernovae, which are moving away from us at ever-increasing speeds, indicating not only that the Universe is expanding, but also that its expansion is accelerating.
It is curious that the acceleration is not the same for all directions. The Universe is accelerating faster in some directions than in others.
But how much can you trust this data? It is possible that in some directions we are observing a statistical error, which will disappear with proper analysis of the data obtained.
Rong-Jen Kai and Zhong-Liang Tuo from the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, once again checked the data obtained from 557 supernovae from all parts of the Universe and repeated the calculations.
Today they confirmed the presence of heterogeneity. According to their calculations, the fastest acceleration occurs in the constellation Vulpecula in the northern hemisphere. These findings are consistent with other studies suggesting that there is inhomogeneity in the cosmic microwave background radiation.
This may force cosmologists to come to a bold conclusion: the cosmological principle is wrong.
An exciting question arises: why is the Universe heterogeneous and how will this affect existing models of the cosmos?
Get ready for a galactic move
Milky Way
According to modern concepts, the habitable zone of a galaxy (Galactic Habitable Zone - GHZ) is defined as a region where there are enough heavy elements to form planets on the one hand, and which is not affected by cosmic disasters on the other. The main such cataclysms, according to scientists, are supernova explosions, which can easily “sterilize” an entire planet.
As part of the study, scientists built a computer model of the processes of star formation, as well as supernovae of type Ia (white dwarfs in binary systems stealing matter from a neighbor) and II (explosion of a star with a mass over 8 solar). As a result, astrophysicists were able to identify regions of the Milky Way that, in theory, are suitable for habitation.
In addition, scientists have determined that at least 1.5 percent of all stars in the galaxy (that is, approximately 4.5 billion out of 3 × 1011 stars) could have habitable planets at various times.
Moreover, 75 percent of these hypothetical planets should be tidally locked, that is, constantly “look” at the star with one side. Whether life is possible on such planets is a matter of debate among astrobiologists.
To calculate GHZ, scientists used the same approach that is used to analyze the habitable zones around stars. This zone is usually called the region around a star in which liquid water can exist on the surface of a rocky planet.
Our Universe is a hologram. Does reality exist?
The nature of the hologram - “the whole in every particle” - gives us a completely new way of understanding the structure and order of things. We see objects, such as elementary particles, as separated because we see only part of reality.
These particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity.
At some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but, as it were, a continuation of something more fundamental.
Scientists have come to the conclusion that elementary particles are able to interact with each other regardless of distance, not because they exchange some mysterious signals, but because their separation is an illusion.
If particle separation is an illusion, then on a deeper level, all things in the world are infinitely interconnected.
The electrons in the carbon atoms in our brain are connected to the electrons in every salmon that swims, every heart that beats, and every star that shines in the sky.
The universe as a hologram means we don't exist
The hologram tells us that we are also a hologram.
Scientists from the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab are today working on creating a device called the Holometer, with which they can disprove everything that humanity currently knows about the Universe.
With the help of the Holometer device, experts hope to prove or disprove the crazy assumption that the three-dimensional Universe as we know it simply does not exist, being nothing more than a kind of hologram. In other words, the surrounding reality is an illusion and nothing more.
...The theory that the Universe is a hologram is based on the recently emerged assumption that space and time in the Universe are not continuous.
They supposedly consist of separate parts, dots - as if from pixels, which is why it is impossible to increase the “image scale” of the Universe indefinitely, penetrating deeper and deeper into the essence of things. Upon reaching a certain scale value, the Universe turns out to be something like a digital image of very poor quality - fuzzy, blurry.
Imagine an ordinary photograph from a magazine. It looks like a continuous image, but, starting from a certain level of magnification, it breaks up into dots that make up a single whole. And also our world is supposedly assembled from microscopic points into a single beautiful, even convex picture.
Amazing theory! And until recently, it was not taken seriously. Only recent studies of black holes have convinced most researchers that there is something to the “holographic” theory.
The fact is that the gradual evaporation of black holes discovered by astronomers over time led to an information paradox - all the information contained about the insides of the hole would disappear in this case.
And this contradicts the principle of storing information.
But Nobel Prize laureate in physics Gerard t'Hooft, relying on the work of Jerusalem University professor Jacob Bekenstein, proved that all the information contained in a three-dimensional object can be preserved in the two-dimensional boundaries remaining after its destruction - just like an image of a three-dimensional object can be placed in a two-dimensional hologram.
A SCIENTIST ONCE HAD A PHANTASM
For the first time, the “crazy” idea of universal illusoryness was born by University of London physicist David Bohm, a colleague of Albert Einstein, in the middle of the 20th century.
According to his theory, the whole world is structured approximately the same as a hologram.
Just as any no matter how small section of a hologram contains the entire image of a three-dimensional object, so every existing object is “embedded” in each of its component parts.
From this it follows that objective reality does not exist, Professor Bohm made a stunning conclusion then. - Even despite its obvious density, the Universe is at its core a phantasm, a gigantic, luxuriously detailed hologram.
Let us remind you that a hologram is a three-dimensional photograph taken with a laser. To make it, first of all, the object being photographed must be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern (alternating minima and maxima of the beams), which can be recorded on film.
The finished photo looks like a meaningless layering of light and dark lines. But as soon as you illuminate the image with another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object immediately appears.
Three-dimensionality is not the only remarkable property inherent in a hologram.
If a hologram of, say, a tree is cut in half and illuminated with a laser, each half will contain a whole image of the same tree at exactly the same size. If we continue to cut the hologram into smaller pieces, on each of them we will again find an image of the entire object as a whole.
Unlike conventional photography, each section of the hologram contains information about the entire subject, but with a proportionally corresponding decrease in clarity.
The principle of the hologram “everything in every part” allows us to approach the issue of organization and orderliness in a completely new way, explained Professor Bohm. - For most of its history, Western science has developed with the idea that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, be it a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its component parts.
The hologram showed us that some things in the universe cannot be explored in this way. If we dissect something arranged holographically, we will not get the parts of which it consists, but we will get the same thing, but with less accuracy.
AND HERE APPEARED AN ASPECT THAT EXPLAINS EVERYTHING
Bohm’s “crazy” idea was also prompted by a sensational experiment with elementary particles in his time. A physicist at the University of Paris, Alain Aspect, discovered in 1982 that, under certain conditions, electrons can instantly communicate with each other, regardless of the distance between them.
It doesn't matter if there are ten millimeters between them or ten billion kilometers. Somehow each particle always knows what the other is doing. There was only one problem with this discovery: it violates Einstein’s postulate about the limiting speed of interaction propagation, equal to the speed of light.
Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this frightening prospect has caused physicists to strongly doubt the Aspect's work.
But Bohm managed to find an explanation. According to him, elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange some mysterious signals with each other, but because their separation is illusory. He explained that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.
“For better understanding, the professor illustrated his intricate theory with the following example,” wrote the author of the book “The Holographic Universe” Michael Talbot. - Imagine an aquarium with fish. Imagine also that you cannot see the aquarium directly, but can only observe two television screens that transmit images from cameras, one located in front and the other on the side of the aquarium.
Looking at the screens, you can conclude that the fish on each of the screens are separate objects. Because cameras capture images from different angles, the fish look different. But, as you continue to observe, after a while you will discover that there is a relationship between the two fish on different screens.
When one fish turns, the other also changes direction, slightly differently, but always according to the first. When you see one fish from the front, another is certainly in profile. If you don’t have a complete picture of the situation, you are more likely to conclude that the fish must somehow instantly communicate with each other, that this is not a fact of random coincidence.”
The obvious superluminal interaction between particles tells us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us, Bohm explained the phenomenon of Aspect’s experiments, of a higher dimension than ours, as in the analogy with the aquarium. We see these particles as separate only because we see only part of reality.
And the particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately as holographic and invisible as the tree mentioned above.
And since everything in physical reality consists of these “phantoms,” the Universe we observe is itself a projection, a hologram.
What else the hologram may contain is not yet known.
Suppose, for example, that it is the matrix that gives rise to everything in the world; at a minimum, it contains all the elementary particles that have taken or will once take every possible form of matter and energy - from snowflakes to quasars, from blue whales to gamma rays. It's like a universal supermarket that has everything.
Although Bohm admitted that we have no way of knowing what else the hologram contains, he took it upon himself to assert that we have no reason to assume that there is nothing more in it. In other words, perhaps the holographic level of the world is simply one of the stages of endless evolution.
AN OPTIMIST'S OPINION
Psychologist Jack Kornfield, speaking about his first meeting with the late Tibetan Buddhist teacher Kalu Rinpoche, recalls that the following dialogue took place between them:
Could you tell me in a few sentences the very essence of Buddhist teachings?
I could do it, but you won't believe me, and it will take you many years to understand what I'm talking about.
Anyway, please explain, I really want to know. Rinpoche's answer was very short:
You don't really exist.
TIME IS MADE OF GRANULES
But is it possible to “feel” this illusory nature with instruments? It turned out yes. For several years now, research has been underway in Germany using the GEO600 gravitational telescope built in Hannover (Germany) to detect gravitational waves, oscillations in space-time that create supermassive space objects.
However, not a single wave could be found over the years. One of the reasons is strange noises in the range from 300 to 1500 Hz, which the detector records for a long time. They really interfere with his work.
Researchers searched in vain for the source of the noise until they were accidentally contacted by the director of the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab, Craig Hogan.
He stated that he understood what was going on. According to him, it follows from the holographic principle that space-time is not a continuous line and, most likely, is a collection of microzones, grains, a kind of space-time quanta.
And the accuracy of the GEO600 equipment today is sufficient to detect vacuum fluctuations occurring at the boundaries of the quanta of space, the very grains of which, if the holographic principle is correct, the Universe consists, Professor Hogan explained.
According to him, GEO600 just stumbled upon a fundamental limitation of space-time - that very “grain”, like the grain of a magazine photograph. And he perceived this obstacle as “noise.”
And Craig Hogan, following Bohm, repeats with conviction:
If the GEO600 results correspond to my expectations, then we all really live in a huge hologram of universal proportions.
The detector's readings so far exactly match his calculations, and it seems that the scientific world is on the verge of a grand discovery.
Experts remind that once extraneous noises that infuriated researchers at Bell Laboratory - a large research center in the field of telecommunications, electronic and computer systems - during experiments in 1964, have already become a harbinger of a global change in the scientific paradigm: this is how cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which proved the hypothesis about the Big Bang.
And scientists are waiting for proof of the holographic nature of the Universe when the Holometer device starts working at full power. Scientists hope that it will increase the amount of practical data and knowledge of this extraordinary discovery, which still belongs to the field of theoretical physics.
The detector is designed like this: they shine a laser through a beam splitter, from there two beams pass through two perpendicular bodies, are reflected, come back, merge together and create an interference pattern, where any distortion reports a change in the ratio of the lengths of the bodies, since the gravitational wave passes through the bodies and compresses or stretches space unequally in different directions.
“The Holometer will allow us to increase the scale of space-time and see whether assumptions about the fractional structure of the Universe, based purely on mathematical conclusions, are confirmed,” Professor Hogan suggests.
The first data obtained using the new device will begin to arrive in the middle of this year.
OPINION OF A PESSIMIST
President of the Royal Society of London, cosmologist and astrophysicist Martin Rees: “The birth of the Universe will forever remain a mystery to us”
We cannot understand the laws of the universe. And you will never know how the Universe came into being and what awaits it. Hypotheses about the Big Bang, which allegedly gave birth to the world around us, or that many others can exist in parallel with our Universe, or about the holographic nature of the world - will remain unproven assumptions.
Undoubtedly, there are explanations for everything, but there are no geniuses who could understand them. The human mind is limited. And he reached his limit. Even today, we are as far from understanding, for example, the microstructure of vacuum, as we are from fish in an aquarium, which have absolutely no idea how the environment in which they live works.
For example, I have reason to suspect that space has a cellular structure. And each of its cells is trillions of trillions of times smaller than an atom. But we cannot prove or disprove this, or understand how such a design works. The task is too complex, beyond the reach of the human mind.
Computer model of the galaxy
After nine months of calculations on a powerful supercomputer, astrophysicists managed to create a computer model of a beautiful spiral galaxy, which is a copy of our Milky Way.
At the same time, the physics of formation and evolution of our galaxy is observed. This model, which was created by researchers from the University of California and the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Zurich, allows us to solve a problem facing science that arose from the prevailing cosmological model of the Universe.
“Previous attempts to create a massive disk galaxy like the Milky Way failed because the model had a bulge (central bulge) that was too large compared to the size of the disk,” said Javiera Guedes, an astronomy and astrophysics graduate student at the University of California and author of a scientific paper on this model, called Eris. The study will be published in the Astrophysical Journal.
Eris is a massive spiral galaxy with a central core made up of bright stars and other structural features found in galaxies such as the Milky Way. In terms of parameters such as brightness, the ratio of the width of the center of the galaxy to the width of the disk, stellar composition and other properties, it coincides with the Milky Way and other galaxies of this type.
According to co-author Piero Madau, a professor of astronomy and astrophysics at the University of California, the project cost a lot of money, including purchasing 1.4 million processor-hours of supercomputer time on NASA's Pleiades computer.
The results obtained made it possible to confirm the theory of “cold dark matter”, according to which the evolution of the structure of the Universe proceeded under the influence of gravitational interactions of dark cold matter (“dark” because it cannot be seen, and “cold” due to the fact that particles move very slowly).
“This model tracks the interactions of more than 60 million dark matter particles and gas. Its code includes the physics of gravity and fluid dynamics, star formation and supernova explosions - all at the highest resolution of any cosmological model in the world,” Guedes said.
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Scientists at the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab are now working on creating a device called the Holometer, with which they can disprove everything that humanity currently knows about the Universe. If the experiment for which preparations are underway turns out to be successful, then perhaps the existing laws of physics will be rewritten!
With the help of the Holometer device, experts hopeprove or disprovethe “crazy” assumption that the three-dimensional Universe as we know it simply does not exist, being nothing more than a kind of hologram. In other words, the surrounding reality is an illusion and nothing more...
Craig Hoganbelieves that the world is fuzzy, and this is not a metaphor. He believes that if we could somehow peer into the smallest cell of space-time, we would find that the Universe is permeated through and through with an internal tremor, like the hiss of electrostatic interference in a short-wave radio. This noise is not coming from particles constantly being born and dying, or some other quantum foam that physicists have debated in the past. Hogan noise will appear if the world is not smooth and continuous, like a matte screen on which fields and particles dance, as we have long believed. It occurs if the world consists of separate blocks. Pieces. A grain of sand. Detecting Hogan noise would mean the universe is digital...
The theory that the Universe is a hologram is based on the recent assumption thatspace and time in the Universe are not continuous, but consist of separate parts, dots - as if made of pixels, which is why it is impossible to increase the “image scale” of the Universe indefinitely, penetrating deeper and deeper into the essence of things. Upon reaching a certain scale value, the Universe turns out to be something like a digital image of very poor quality - fuzzy, blurry. Imagine an ordinary photograph from a magazine. It looks like a continuous image, but, starting from a certain level of magnification, it breaks up into dots that make up a single whole. And also our world, perhaps, is assembled from microscopic points into a single beautiful, even convex picture.
Amazing theory! And until recently, it was not taken seriously. Only recent studies of black holes have convinced most researchers that there is something to the “holographic” theory. The fact is that the gradual evaporation of black holes discovered by astronomers over time led to an information paradox - all the information contained about the insides of the hole would then disappear. And this contradicts the principle of storing information. But Nobel Prize laureate in physics Gerard t'Hooft, relying on the work of Jerusalem University professor Jacob Bekenstein, proved that all the information contained in a three-dimensional object can be stored in the two-dimensional boundaries remaining after its destruction - just like an image of a three-dimensional object can be placed in a two-dimensional hologram.
For the first time, the “crazy” idea of universal illusoryness was born by University of London physicist David Bohm, a colleague of Albert Einstein, in the middle of the 20th century. According to his theory, the whole world is structured approximately the same as a hologram. Just as any no matter how small section of a hologram contains the entire image of a three-dimensional object, so every existing object is “embedded” in each of its component parts.
“It follows from this that objective reality does not exist,” Professor Bohm made a stunning conclusion then. “Even despite its apparent density, the Universe is at its core a phantasm, a gigantic, luxuriously detailed hologram.
Let us remind you that a hologram is a three-dimensional photograph taken with a laser. To make it, first of all, the object being photographed must be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern (alternating minima and maxima of the beams), which can be recorded on film. The finished photo looks like a meaningless layering of light and dark lines. But as soon as you illuminate the image with another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object immediately appears.
Three-dimensionality is not the only remarkable property inherent in a hologram. If a hologram of, say, a tree is cut in half and illuminated with a laser, each half will contain a whole image of the same tree at exactly the same size. If we continue to cut the hologram into smaller pieces, on each of them we will again find an image of the entire object as a whole. Unlike conventional photography, each section of the hologram contains information about the entire subject, but with a proportionally corresponding decrease in clarity.
“The principle of the hologram “everything in every part” allows us to approach the issue of organization and orderliness in a completely new way,” explained Professor Bohm. “For most of its history, Western science has developed with the idea that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, be it a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its component parts.” The hologram showed us that some things in the universe cannot be explored in this way. If we dissect something arranged holographically, we will not get the parts of which it consists, but we will get the same thing, but with less accuracy.
Bohm’s “crazy” idea was also prompted by a sensational experiment with elementary particles in his time. A physicist at the University of Paris, Alain Aspect, discovered in 1982 that, under certain conditions, electrons can instantly communicate with each other, regardless of the distance between them. It doesn't matter if there are ten millimeters between them or ten billion kilometers. Somehow each particle always knows what the other is doing. There was only one problem with this discovery: it violates Einstein’s postulate about the limiting speed of interaction propagation, equal to the speed of light. Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this frightening prospect has caused physicists to strongly doubt the Aspect's work.
But Bohm managed to find an explanation. According to him, elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange some mysterious signals with each other, but because their separation is illusory. He explained that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.
“For better clarity, the professor illustrated his intricate theory with the following example,” wrote Michael Talbot, author of The Holographic Universe. — Imagine an aquarium with fish. Imagine also that you cannot see the aquarium directly, but can only observe two television screens that transmit images from cameras, one located in front and the other on the side of the aquarium. Looking at the screens, you can conclude that the fish on each of the screens are separate objects. Because cameras capture images from different angles, the fish look different. But, as you continue to observe, after a while you will discover that there is a relationship between the two fish on different screens. When one fish turns, the other also changes direction, slightly differently, but always according to the first. When you see one fish from the front, another is certainly in profile. If you don’t have a complete picture of the situation, you are more likely to conclude that the fish must somehow instantly communicate with each other, that this is not a fact of random coincidence.”
“The obvious superluminal interaction between particles tells us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us,” Bohm explained the phenomenon of Aspect’s experiments, “a higher dimension than ours, as in the analogy with the aquarium.” We see these particles as separate only because we see only part of reality. And the particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately as holographic and invisible as the tree mentioned above. And since everything in physical reality consists of these “phantoms,” the Universe we observe is itself a projection, a hologram.
What else the hologram may contain is not yet known. Suppose, for example, that it is the matrix that gives rise to everything in the world; at a minimum, it contains all the elementary particles that have taken or will someday take every possible form of matter and energy - from snowflakes to quasars, from blue whales to gamma rays. It's like a universal supermarket that has everything.
Although Bohm admitted that we have no way of knowing what else the hologram contains, he took it upon himself to assert that we have no reason to assume that there is nothing more in it. In other words, perhaps the holographic level of the world is simply one of the stages of endless evolution.
But is it possible to “feel” this illusory nature with instruments? It turned out yes. For several years now, research has been underway in Germany using the GEO600 gravitational telescope built in Hannover (Germany) to detect gravitational waves, oscillations in space-time that create supermassive space objects. However, not a single wave could be found over the years. One of the reasons is strange noises in the range from 300 to 1500 Hz, which the detector records for a long time. They really interfere with his work. Researchers searched in vain for the source of the noise until they were accidentally contacted by the director of the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab, Craig Hogan. He stated that he understood what was going on. According to him, it follows from the holographic principle that space-time is not a continuous line and, most likely, is a collection of microzones, grains, a kind of space-time quanta.
“And the accuracy of the GEO600 equipment today is sufficient to detect vacuum fluctuations occurring at the boundaries of space quanta, the very grains of which, if the holographic principle is correct, the Universe consists,” Professor Hogan explained.
According to him, GEO600 just stumbled upon a fundamental limitation of space-time - that very “grain”, like the grain of a magazine photograph. And he perceived this obstacle as “noise.”
And Craig Hogan, following Bohm, repeats with conviction: if the results of GEO600 correspond to my expectations, then we all really live in a huge hologram of universal proportions.
The detector's readings so far exactly match its calculations, and it seems that the scientific world is on the verge of a grand discovery . Experts remind that once extraneous noises that infuriated researchers at Bell Laboratory - a large research center in the field of telecommunications, electronic and computer systems - during experiments in 1964, have already become a harbinger of a global change in the scientific paradigm: this is how cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which proved the hypothesis about the Big Bang.
And scientists are waiting for proof of the holographic nature of the Universe when the Holometer device starts working at full power. Scientists hope that it will increase the amount of practical data and knowledge of this extraordinary discovery, which still belongs to the field of theoretical physics. The detector is designed like this: they shine a laser through a beam splitter, from there two beams pass through two perpendicular bodies, are reflected, come back, merge together and create an interference pattern, where any distortion reports a change in the ratio of the lengths of the bodies, since the gravitational wave passes through the bodies and compresses or stretches space unequally in different directions.
“The Holometer will allow us to increase the scale of space-time and see whether assumptions about the fractional structure of the Universe, based purely on mathematical conclusions, are confirmed,” Professor Hogan suggests.
All the effects and particles of matter that we observe in the Universe can be just a projection, a kind of hologram. Simultaneously with ours, there are other Universes that have more or less dimensions, and all the inconsistencies in physical theories can be attributed to the fact that our Universe is a hologram.
This stunning statement was made in 1997 by Argentine theoretical physicist Juan Maldacena, a proponent of string theory and quantum gravity models. We recently wrote about Maldacena's research in which he linked the phenomenon of wormholes and quantum entanglement. This work of his, like the one discussed below, is an attempt to mathematically combine quantum physics with the Theory of Relativity, that is, to take a step towards the so-called Theory of Everything.
The Japanese managed to mathematically prove the holographic principle, according to which gravity in our Universe is a consequence of the vibrations of strings, which, in turn, are a projection of a one-dimensional gravity-free Universe
(Illustration by NASA, JPL/Caltech).
According to Maldacena's hypothesis, gravity arises from infinitely thin, vibrating strings, which means it can be viewed from the point of view of modern quantum theories. These strings (which in the theory of the same name replace particles), existing in nine spatial and one time dimensions, can be an ordinary hologram - a projection coming from another Universe. The source universe must have fewer dimensions and no gravity at all.
The scientific community warmly accepted Maldacena's hypothesis, since it theoretically described all effects by simple and already known causes. Although the existence of multiple dimensions may sound shocking, it is one of the few explanations today for why elementary particles or giant galaxy clusters interact so differently. However, the hypothesis needed strong mathematical proof.
A team of Japanese physicists led by Yoshifumi Hyakutake from Ibaraki University undertook to confirm the “holographic” hypothesis. Scientists have written two articles (about a quantum black hole model, about a parallel Universe), which can be found on the preprint website arXiv.org.
In one paper, Hyakutake calculates the internal energy of a black hole, the position of its event horizon, its entropy, and many other properties of the object predicted by string theory. The researchers also took into account the effects caused by so-called virtual particles, which periodically appear in space.
Another article talks about calculations of the internal energy of a gravity-free Universe, which has fewer dimensions and is the source of the hologram, which is our Universe. Both calculations fit perfectly into the Maldacena model and correspond to each other.
“It seems to me that the calculations were made absolutely correctly,” says the author of the hypothesis, who did not take part in the Japanese work.
Unfortunately, there is no way to test this idea experimentally; scientists have no idea what needs to be done to confirm the existence of a gravity-free Universe that exists in parallel with ours. However, they are confident that mathematical calculations are already convincing confirmation of the theory.
String theory is an attempt to unify general relativity and quantum theory mathematically
Maldacena notes that none of the model universes that Hyakutake and his colleagues studied are similar to our own.
“Cosmos with a black hole exists in ten dimensions, eight of which form an eight-dimensional sphere. The parallel gravity-free Universe has only one dimension and its many quantum particles are more like ideal springs or harmonic oscillators attached to each other,” Maldacena explains.
Nevertheless, at first glance, such different universes, of which ours is a projection, turn out to be almost identical in the mathematical model. This means that all gravitational effects observed today in space and in everyday life can be explained by the quantum theory of a parallel, flat and gravity-free Universe.
Our Universe is a hologram. Does reality exist?
The nature of the hologram - “the whole in every particle” - gives us a completely new way of understanding the structure and order of things. We see objects, such as elementary particles, as separated because we see only part of reality. These particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity.
Scientists have come to the conclusion that elementary particles are able to interact with each other regardless of distance, not because they exchange some mysterious signals, but because their separation is an illusion.
If particle separation is an illusion, then on a deeper level, all things in the world are infinitely interconnected. The electrons in the carbon atoms in our brain are connected to the electrons in every salmon that swims, every heart that beats, and every star that shines in the sky.
The universe as a hologram means that we do not exist. The hologram tells us that we are also a hologram
Scientists from the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab are today working on creating a device called the Holometer, with which they can disprove everything that humanity currently knows about the Universe.
With the help of the Holometer device, experts hope to prove or disprove the crazy assumption that the three-dimensional Universe as we know it simply does not exist, being nothing more than a kind of hologram. In other words, the surrounding reality is an illusion and nothing more.
...The theory that the Universe is a hologram is based on the recently emerged assumption that space and time in the Universe are not continuous. They supposedly consist of separate parts, dots - as if from pixels, which is why it is impossible to increase the “image scale” of the Universe indefinitely, penetrating deeper and deeper into the essence of things. Upon reaching a certain scale value, the Universe turns out to be something like a digital image of very poor quality - fuzzy, blurry.
Imagine an ordinary photograph from a magazine. It looks like a continuous image, but, starting from a certain level of magnification, it breaks up into dots that make up a single whole. And also our world is supposedly assembled from microscopic points into a single beautiful, even convex picture.
Amazing theory! And until recently, it was not taken seriously. Only recent studies of black holes have convinced most researchers that there is something to the “holographic” theory.
The fact is that the gradual evaporation of black holes discovered by astronomers over time led to an information paradox - all the information contained about the insides of the hole would disappear in this case. And this contradicts the principle of storing information.
But Nobel Prize laureate in physics Gerard t'Hooft, relying on the work of Jerusalem University professor Jacob Bekenstein, proved that all the information contained in a three-dimensional object can be stored in the two-dimensional boundaries remaining after its destruction - just like an image a three-dimensional object can be placed into a two-dimensional hologram.
Professor Bohm's "crazy" idea
For the first time, the “crazy” idea of universal illusoryness was born by University of London physicist David Bohm, a colleague of Albert Einstein, in the middle of the 20th century.
According to his theory, the whole world is structured approximately the same as a hologram.
Just as any no matter how small section of a hologram contains the entire image of a three-dimensional object, so every existing object is “embedded” in each of its component parts.
“It follows from this that objective reality does not exist,” Professor Bohm made a stunning conclusion then. - Even despite its obvious density, the Universe is at its core a phantasm, a gigantic, luxuriously detailed hologram.
Let us remind you that a hologram is a three-dimensional photograph taken with a laser. To make it, first of all, the object being photographed must be illuminated with laser light. Then the second laser beam, combining with the reflected light from the object, gives an interference pattern (alternating minima and maxima of the beams), which can be recorded on film.
The finished photo looks like a meaningless layering of light and dark lines. But as soon as you illuminate the image with another laser beam, a three-dimensional image of the original object immediately appears.
The hologram principle is “everything in every part”
If a hologram of, say, a tree is cut in half and illuminated with a laser, each half will contain a whole image of the same tree at exactly the same size. If we continue to cut the hologram into smaller pieces, on each of them we will again find an image of the entire object as a whole.
Unlike conventional photography, each section of the hologram contains information about the entire subject, but with a proportionally corresponding decrease in clarity.
“The principle of the hologram “everything is in every part” allows us to approach the issue of organization and orderliness in a completely new way,” explained Professor Bohm. - For most of its history, Western science has developed with the idea that the best way to understand a physical phenomenon, be it a frog or an atom, is to dissect it and study its component parts.
The hologram showed us that some things in the universe cannot be explored in this way. If we dissect something arranged holographically, we will not get the parts of which it consists, but we will get the same thing, but with less accuracy.
AND HERE APPEARED AN ASPECT THAT EXPLAINS EVERYTHING
Bohm’s “crazy” idea was also prompted by a sensational experiment with elementary particles in his time. A physicist at the University of Paris, Alain Aspect, discovered in 1982 that, under certain conditions, electrons can instantly communicate with each other, regardless of the distance between them.
It doesn't matter if there are ten millimeters between them or ten billion kilometers. Somehow each particle always knows what the other is doing. There was only one problem with this discovery: it violates Einstein’s postulate about the limiting speed of interaction propagation, equal to the speed of light.
Since traveling faster than the speed of light is tantamount to breaking the time barrier, this frightening prospect has caused physicists to strongly doubt the Aspect's work.
But Bohm managed to find an explanation. According to him, elementary particles interact at any distance not because they exchange some mysterious signals with each other, but because their separation is illusory. He explained that at some deeper level of reality, such particles are not separate objects, but in fact extensions of something more fundamental.
“For better understanding, the professor illustrated his intricate theory with the following example,” wrote the author of the book “The Holographic Universe” Michael Talbot. - Imagine an aquarium with fish. Imagine also that you cannot see the aquarium directly, but can only observe two television screens that transmit images from cameras, one located in front and the other on the side of the aquarium.
Looking at the screens, you can conclude that the fish on each of the screens are separate objects. Because cameras capture images from different angles, the fish look different. But, as you continue to observe, after a while you will discover that there is a relationship between the two fish on different screens.
When one fish turns, the other also changes direction, slightly differently, but always according to the first. When you see one fish from the front, another is certainly in profile. If you do not have a complete picture of the situation, you are more likely to conclude that the fish must somehow instantly communicate with each other, that this is not a fact of random coincidence.
The obvious superluminal interaction between particles tells us that there is a deeper level of reality hidden from us, Bohm explained the phenomenon of Aspect’s experiments, of a higher dimension than ours, as in the analogy with the aquarium. We see these particles as separate only because we see only part of reality.
And the particles are not separate “parts,” but facets of a deeper unity that is ultimately as holographic and invisible as the tree mentioned above. And since everything in physical reality consists of these “phantoms,” the Universe we observe is itself a projection, a hologram.
What else the hologram may contain is not yet known
Suppose, for example, that it is the matrix that gives rise to everything in the world; at a minimum, it contains all the elementary particles that have taken or will once take every possible form of matter and energy - from snowflakes to quasars, from blue whales to gamma rays. It's like a universal supermarket that has everything.
Although Bohm admitted that we have no way of knowing what else the hologram contains, he took it upon himself to assert that we have no reason to assume that there is nothing more in it. In other words, perhaps the holographic level of the world is simply one of the stages of endless evolution.
Rinpoche's response
Psychologist Jack Kornfield, speaking about his first meeting with the late Tibetan Buddhist teacher Kalu Rinpoche, recalls that the following dialogue took place between them:
- Could you explain to me in a few sentences the very essence of Buddhist teachings?
“I could do it, but you won’t believe me, and it will take you many years to understand what I’m talking about.”
- Anyway, please explain, I really want to know.
Rinpoche's answer was very short:
- You really don’t exist.
TIME IS MADE OF GRANULES
But is it possible to “feel” this illusory nature with instruments? It turned out yes. For several years now, research has been underway in Germany using the GEO600 gravitational telescope built in Hannover (Germany) to detect gravitational waves, oscillations in space-time that create supermassive space objects.
However, not a single wave could be found over the years. One of the reasons is strange noises in the range from 300 to 1500 Hz, which the detector records for a long time. They really interfere with his work.
Researchers searched in vain for the source of the noise until they were accidentally contacted by the director of the Center for Astrophysical Research at Fermilab, Craig Hogan.
He stated that he understood what was going on. According to him, it follows from the holographic principle that space-time is not a continuous line and, most likely, is a collection of microzones, grains, a kind of space-time quanta.
“And the accuracy of the GEO600 equipment today is sufficient to detect vacuum fluctuations occurring at the boundaries of space quanta, the very grains of which, if the holographic principle is correct, the Universe consists,” explained Professor Hogan.
According to him, GEO600 just stumbled upon a fundamental limitation of space-time - that very “grain”, like the grain of a magazine photograph. And he perceived this obstacle as “noise.”
And Craig Hogan, following Bohm, repeats with conviction:
- If the results of GEO600 correspond to my expectations, then we all really live in a huge hologram of universal proportions.
The detector's readings so far exactly match his calculations, and it seems that the scientific world is on the verge of a grand discovery.
Experts remind that once extraneous noises that infuriated researchers at Bell Laboratory - a large research center in the field of telecommunications, electronic and computer systems - during experiments in 1964 already became a harbinger of a global change in the scientific paradigm: this is how cosmic microwave background radiation was discovered, which proved the hypothesis about Big Bang.
And scientists are waiting for proof of the holographic nature of the Universe when the Holometer device starts working at full power. Scientists hope that it will increase the amount of practical data and knowledge of this extraordinary discovery, which still belongs to the field of theoretical physics.
The detector is designed like this: they shine a laser through a beam splitter, from there two beams pass through two perpendicular bodies, are reflected, come back, merge together and create an interference pattern, where any distortion reports a change in the ratio of the lengths of the bodies, since the gravitational wave passes through the bodies and compresses or stretches space unequally in different directions.
“The Holometer will allow us to increase the scale of space-time and see whether assumptions about the fractional structure of the Universe, based purely on mathematical conclusions, are confirmed,” Professor Hogan suggests.
OPINION OF A PESSIMIST
President of the Royal Society of London, cosmologist and astrophysicist Martin Rees: “The birth of the Universe will forever remain a mystery to us.”
We cannot understand the laws of the universe. And you will never know how the Universe came into being and what awaits it. Hypotheses about the Big Bang, which allegedly gave birth to the world around us, or that many others can exist in parallel with our Universe, or about the holographic nature of the world - will remain unproven assumptions.
Undoubtedly, there are explanations for everything, but there are no geniuses who could understand them. The human mind is limited. And he reached his limit. Even today, we are as far from understanding, for example, the microstructure of vacuum, as we are from fish in an aquarium, which have absolutely no idea how the environment in which they live works.
For example, I have reason to suspect that space has a cellular structure. And each of its cells is trillions of trillions of times smaller than an atom. But we cannot prove or disprove this, or understand how such a design works. The task is too complex, beyond the reach of the human mind.
WE HAVE COME TO A PLACE WHERE THE BOUNDS BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY, REAL SCIENCE AND SPIRITUAL KNOWLEDGE ARE BLAZED.
Stanislav Milevich