What can be built on 6 acres. Layout of a summer cottage. Fences, hedges and enclosures - how to make them beautiful

In this article we will touch upon the topic of arranging a small area of ​​6 acres. We'll tell you how to create a site plan based on SNiP and GOST standards.

You will learn about the types of standard layouts of a territory with a house and a bathhouse, a garden, and a vegetable garden. We will give advice on arranging a nursery play area and places to relax, decoration landscape design.

Taking these features into account, the bathroom, storage room, wardrobe and other rooms that do not need to be illuminated are located on the north side.

The location of panoramic windows is calculated at the design stage of a 6-acre plot, so that later you don’t have to look at a blank fence.

Zoning of the site

Proper distribution of places for each building and element on the site is the key to a harmonious appearance.

The main place is given to the house, and the rest of the composition is built around it. To build a house, choose the most elevated place; the front part should face the street.

Additional buildings for utility purposes are located in such a way that they are not visible from the windows of the house or street. You can install a bathhouse in a visible place by choosing a beautiful material for cladding the facades.

For additional buildings, 10% of the plot area of ​​6 acres is allocated.

Once the location of the main buildings has been sorted out, you can move on to landscaping the area. No more than 60% of the area is allocated for fruit trees and shrubs.

For example, you can plant six apricots, five cherry apple trees, two dozen raspberries and seven currant bushes.

All this wealth can fit on a summer cottage of 6 acres, intoxicating with odors during the flowering period. If desired, more than 17% of the plot is allocated for a vegetable garden. It is located in a place most illuminated by the sun.

Rest zone

Most often they are installed in small areas. To create a pleasant atmosphere, you can install a fountain or a small pond nearby. The gazebo can be installed anywhere. It is most convenient to place it near the house. If there is enough space, set up a grill, barbecue or portable roaster.

Playground

It is advisable to locate a children's playground in close proximity to the house. Control over children is our everything!

Choose the flattest area with good lighting, but don’t forget about partial shade.

Creating a landscape design for a 6-acre dacha plot is a creative process in which all family members can participate. Choose the shape of the flowerbed at your own discretion, there are no strict prohibitions here.

The recreation area can be designed in any way, and paths and flower beds can be built in a strict geometric shape. This will visually ennoble the remaining area. Climbing plants, small shrubs or low-growing trees are planted near fences.

Winding paths create the illusion of large space. You can use this rule if you wish.

Options for planning a summer cottage plot of 6 acres

At the stage of creating a site plan, it is possible to choose any form of territory planning.

Rectangular. This is a classic form that does not require a special approach to the location of buildings on the territory. For example, a place is allocated for a residential building in the center of the site, and the rest of the buildings are located around it or in the corners. A recreation area is located opposite the house, a garden is laid out on the area near the gazebo, and a vegetable garden is located next to the utility block.

Elongated. The house is placed near the short part of the fence, then in the process of moving around the site, the remaining buildings are placed.

L-shaped. The protruding part of the site is allocated for a gazebo, then a place for the house is chosen. Household buildings are located on a long plot.

Imagine how you wake up, and from the wide open window there is a pleasant smell of freshness. Birds are singing happily in the garden. The trees quietly whisper among themselves, like good old neighbors. And my soul is so comfortable and calm that I never want to leave this little oasis of happiness measuring 6 acres.

If we recall the times of the Soviet Union, a plot of 6 acres was allocated on preferential terms to representatives of a dacha cooperative. People of that season approached the land from a more practical point of view: they made vegetable gardens and planted crops. There was no question of houses or gazebos.

In the 21st century, priorities have changed. Preference is given to rest. Despite the size of the plot, people strive to use the land to the maximum. They build houses, erect gardens, plant vegetable gardens, and create recreation areas.

Where does landscaping begin?

First of all, draw a detailed plan of the site on a piece of paper or in a special computer program. With the help of a drawn diagram, you will have a clear idea of ​​what will be located where.

When making your plan, consider the following points:

• Sides of the horizon;
• Shape of the site;
• Construction requirements and standards;
• Location of communications on the site and near it: sewer pipes, water supply;
• Unevenness on the land.
• The area of ​​the house and buildings for household needs.

To avoid problems with neighbors and government services it is necessary to plan the territory in such a way as not to violate SNiP standards:

• Buildings with wooden roofs should be located at a distance of 8 m from each other.
• Minimum gap between wooden houses is 10 m.
• It is prohibited to locate the toilet closer than 15 m from country house.
• The shortest distance from the house to the bathhouse is 8 m, and to the shed – 12 m.
• If your layout includes a well, then dig it 20 meters from the toilet.
• A residential building is being built from the neighbors' fence at a distance of 3 m, a garage - 1 m, a barn - 4 m.
• Large trees should be 4 m away from the neighbor’s fence, low trees – 2 m, bushes – 1 m.

Division of land into zones

A plot of 6 acres is important so that it looks beautiful from any side and that not a single piece of land is “walked around”.

Depending on the preferences of the owners, the layout may vary. But in 90% of cases, the territory plan is drawn up taking into account the following zones:

• Bathhouse, barn, toilet, gazebos;
• Garage or parking place;
• Relaxation area;
• Playground for children;
• Garden Garden;
• Flower beds.

It is not necessary to include all of these elements in your planning. Determine for yourself a list of the necessary components of your site, think about their placement.

Location of the house

The territory plan is drawn up based on the location of the country house.

A residential building is built at the highest point of the site in such a way that the living rooms are insolated for at least two hours a day.

Don't forget about the distance of 3 meters from the neighbor's fence. If the width of the land allows, then move the house a little further to the side. This way, you will save useful space on which you can plan a lawn, garden or playground.

Garage placement

Considering that people come to their dacha by personal car, a garage is simply necessary. Yours vehicle will be protected from theft and bad weather.

At the same time, it should be planned so that the room has two parking spaces in case guests arrive.

If funds do not allow you to build a garage, then build a canopy from a metal frame and polycarbonate.

As examples from life show, a garage or shed should be built on the side of a residential building, and not inside the yard. IN otherwise you will lose a lot of space needed for a car to pass.

Bathhouse, barn, toilet

It is advisable to carefully plan the location of the shed and other structures. Choose a place for construction so that the buildings do not darken the garden.

It is best to place the toilet behind the barn. In this case, it will not interfere and spoil the landscape design of the courtyard. If you are a rare guest at the dacha, give preference to a dry closet. It does not emit an unpleasant odor and takes up little space.

Placement of buildings depending on the shape of the site

It is often impossible to draw up a plan for a land plot due to its shape:

• Rectangular. This is the best option and there should be no difficulties with zoning. Country house build approximately in the middle. In the corner there is a place for a barn, a bathhouse, and a vegetable garden is made next to it. On the back side of the territory a recreation area is organized.
• Elongated. It is better to plan the location of a residential building on the short side of the fence. Along it you can plant another garden, a vegetable garden and build a barn or bathhouse.
• L-shaped. The protruding area is given over to a recreation area, and a residential building is being erected nearby. Outbuildings are allocated space on the opposite side.

Sometimes people try to save space for a garden bed, garden plot or recreation areas. In this case, you should draw up a plan for one building with several floors. The first floor is allocated for the barn and summer kitchen, and the second floor for living rooms.

Relaxation corner

The area where you are going to relax with family or friends must be planned so that the beautiful landscape design is at your fingertips. As they say, it is pleasant for both the body and the eye.
For a quiet family holiday, a gazebo is installed in the back of the garden. A small pond or fountain is made nearby.

For noisy parties, find a place near your home. It will be more convenient for you to serve food and drinks to your guests.

When choosing a place for a barbecue, consider the direction of the wind so that smoke and ashes do not fly towards the neighbor’s property.

Playground

If you have children, this area should definitely be included in the plan. A place for children's games is allocated in the center of the site opposite the window of a residential building, so that there is an opportunity to watch the kids.

Garden plot and vegetable garden

Without a garden and garden bed, a dacha is not a dacha. To ensure that you get a rich harvest every summer, place the vegetable garden in the southern part of the land. It is better not to create a bed in a low-lying area or near groundwater, otherwise you risk flooding it during the seasonal rains.

The garden bed will not be damaged if you fence it plastic bottles, slate, brick, stone and other available materials.

Vertical beds look impressive. They also allow you to save space.

You should not plant a vegetable garden if it is located in the southern part of the territory. Otherwise it will create a shadow. It is better to distribute garden trees randomly on free plots of land. Due to this, your oasis will look romantic.

For an area of ​​600 square meters It is practical to use columnar varieties. They bear fruit well and require little space.

Paths, flower beds, fence

When drawing up a plan of the territory, do not forget about such details as the fence of the summer cottage, paths and flower beds.

Landscape design is unthinkable without beautiful flowers. They please the eye and lift your spirits. Flowerbeds are made mainly between the facade of the house and the fence on the border with the street. When designing them, do not use strict geometric shapes. This will visually reduce the area.

Sow free spaces with lawn grass and plant around ornamental plants. This landscape design will expand the space.

When arranging the territory, avoid straight lines. Straight paths bring objects closer, and this makes the area look too small. Therefore, make them arched and winding.

You can't ignore the fence. To prevent the area from appearing cramped, soften the contours with climbing vegetation or opt for hedges.

Planning and landscape design of a garden plot of 6 acres is not an easy task. But a rational approach to business, proper zoning of the territory and measures in everything will allow you to create a cozy nest.

6-acre plots are now increasingly changing hands, being acquired by inheritance and new ones being allocated for sale. Their prices are reasonable. Having a piece of your own land, at least for recreation, is attractive, and modern methods agricultural crops make it possible to organize a profitable commercial enterprise or an effective support for the family. But planning, arranging and designing a plot of 6 acres with your own hands is not an easy task. In contrast, in everyday life, the rules for arranging building plots are much more strictly standardized. Small plots are located and distributed not one by one in an open field. Violations of regulations are immediately visible, and their consequences for third parties are felt quickly and clearly. This publication is intended to help readers resolve the problems that arise on their own.

What first and what then

It would seem - what are the problems here? There are many freely available computer programs for landscape design. Winter is more than enough to design an earthly paradise for yourself in any of them, but when it’s warm, dig, build, plant. And enjoy the fruits of your labor.

Yes, a computer with suitable software is a powerful assistant in a task that recently drove experienced urban planners to despair - dense development of compact areas of small plots. In Fig. – examples of landscape design of small areas, made in various computer programs available for use by untrained users. And we will remember them again. But, firstly, a computer cannot think. It is just a means to quickly and easily obtain the final result, which the user must clearly understand in advance. Simply: before asking the computer - how? – you need to ask yourself – what do I want? And give yourself a clear answer to it.

Secondly, beauty is the result of landscape design, and comfort is the result of technically correct arrangement of the site. Design is an art. Any art is based on a material basis and its fruit will not be worthy if the basis is bad. That is, we again come up against technology. And the technical equipment of a plot of land is strictly standardized. Your home is your fortress, but the area on which it stands already influences neighbors and just strangers, just as they influence it. The mutual influence of small closely packed pieces of earth is especially strong. Therefore, the complete arrangement of 6 acres with your own hands is carried out next. order:

1. Surveys are carried out on the ground and according to documents for the site;
2. A sketch of the layout is drawn up in compliance with regulatory requirements, see below;
3. The distances to places sensitive to pollution are determined: open reservoirs, children's institutions, places of public recreation, recreational institutions, and its external sources - wastewater treatment plants, livestock farms, industrial enterprises that produce harmful emissions and effluents;
4. A construction and arrangement scheme is being developed;
5. An original layout of the site design is created;
6. Based on the results of paragraphs. 1-5 a development project is being developed;
7. If the site is for individual use, the project is approved by local sanitary control authorities, firefighters, then by land management, urban planning and architecture authorities;
8. For visas from clause 7, a development permit is issued in the local municipality;
9. If the site is part of a dacha association, an area for individual development, a low-rise village, etc. collective property, instead of paragraphs. 8 and 9, a development permit from the board or other governing body is sufficient;
10. Based on permits under paragraphs. 8 and 9, design and on-site work is carried out.

Note: A development project is not a project for a house, utility unit or, say, a bathroom. Projects for buildings on the site are developed separately and must comply with the requirements for them developed during the development of the development project. That is, the development project is a primary document that has a higher priority.

The material in this article contains recommendations for independently implementing paragraphs. 1-4 and partially (up to and including the preliminary design), paragraph 5. Detailed design in accordance with all norms and rules and subsequent ordeals through the authorities are other big topics. The optimal solution for the average developer is to send their sketches to a specialized construction and design company for revision. After 2 weeks - 3 months. for a reasonable payment you will receive a finished project with all necessary permits and additional papers.

Research on site and in papers

A 6-acre piece does not create difficulties in everything. Thanks to its small size natural conditions within its limits can be considered constant. Therefore, expensive geological surveys on site will not be necessary, unless the land documents indicate that development is possible only based on the results of geology. The case is not so rare - areas with weak and/or unstable soil are sold very cheaply. Therefore, if you are just planning to acquire land for development, be sure to check the papers for it - what about the geology? If everything is clear, preliminary investigations include:

• On-site verification of the plan diagram to scale with orientation to the cardinal points. There is no such thing - milestones, tape measure and surveying compass, compass, independent surveying and drawing.
• On-site determination of the direction, nature and magnitude of the ground slope. Tools - milestones, mooring cord, building level, tape measure.
• Determination of the direction of prevailing winds separately in the warm and cold seasons. Method - look on the Internet for a climate map of a given area and/or a wind rose for it. Check with your local weather service. They are required to provide information free of charge.
• Determination of the direction and magnitude of underground flow on the site. Information should be available from the board of the partnership or village, from the owner of the area and from the construction department of the municipality. They should also give it free of charge: the cost of this information is always included in the state duty and commission when purchasing land for development.

Norms and requirements

The development of sites is regulated by SNiP 2.07.01-89 “Urban planning. Planning and development of urban and rural settlements"and SNiP 2.01.02-85 "Fire safety standards". The recommendations of SNiP also take into account to some extent the norms of agricultural technology and traffic rules. But, for your information, the dense development of cramped tracts of small plots is such a Gordian knot of problems that you can’t get by with building codes alone - either you won’t be able to place on the site everything that is desirable according to modern requirements for comfort, or you will have to deliberately violate something, hoping what it will take out. In order to meet the standards (which is still possible), you must, firstly, follow the rules for the location of buildings on the site (see also the figure on the right):

And what does it mean?

In practice, these formal requirements need to take into account the following:

• Distances are not considered between geometric centers objects in plan, but between their nearest points. That is, if, for example, cesspool with a diameter of 1 m is located exactly on the side of a 4x6 m house, then the distance between them on the ground should be from 15 + (6/2 = 3) + (1/2 = 0.5) = 18.5 m.
• The standard dimensions of a passenger car garage are 4x7m; This was established based on the safety requirements of people in the garage. Even if you have an old Zhuzhik or you managed to buy a Ford KA on the move and built a garage for it, if any complaints arise against you in this regard, they will draw a 4x7 m contour on the ground and from there they will determine whether you met the standards location of buildings or not.
• The minimum permissible width of the road is the initial vehicle size of 2.7 m plus 1 m of right-of-way on both sides, i.e. 4.7 m. This is limited by those same red lines.

If we remember that a plot of 6 acres is, at best, a rectangle of 20x30 m, then it immediately becomes clear that it is impossible to fulfill all the specified requirements exactly on it. Therefore, let’s think about how we can contrive here so that at least de facto we do not disturb our neighbors and do not incur claims on ourselves. In this regard, both technical and design tricks are possible.

Technique

The use of discrepancies in regulatory documents is based on knowledge of the generally accepted system of priorities of territories and objects on them. It is not yet clearly defined by law anywhere in the world, but in the case of civil proceedings or a business dispute, it can be used to substantiate weighty arguments in your favor. These priorities, in descending order, are as follows:

1. Particularly important civil life support facilities;
2. Strategic defense facilities;
3. Protected natural areas;
4. Farmland;
5. Children's, medical and recreational institutions;
6. Wild nature;
7. Residential buildings and local areas;
8. Infrastructure;
9. Private outbuildings;
10. Industrial facilities, except vital ones;
11. Military facilities, except strategic defense ones.

You can ensure the improvement of your 6 acres without formally violating anything by using paragraphs. 7-9. Land for private development is supposed to be allocated no closer than a certain distance from industrial enterprises. If the allotment was carried out with violations, then it is impossible for the homeowner alone to correct the situation on their own, so we omit clause 10. P. 11 – taboo. Priorities are valid for newly created objects, but not for existing ones. To push a bulldozer onto a military unit - the sentry has the right to shoot, and he will be right.

It should also be taken into account that the “right of primacy” in time in legal practice effectively operates only between neighboring priorities. Through an item or more on the list - no. Let's say the neighboring plot is not developed. You built the cesspool (item 9 in the list) as you prefer. The neighbor has decided to build a house (item 7) and demands that you move it so that it will be easier for him to build. He has more legitimate chances to force you to do this than you have to defend yours.

between

A strip of land 1 m wide inside along the contour of the site is your boundary. The neighbor has exactly the same stripe - his boundary. The boundary of a site is not the line of its demarcation from the neighboring one, but the boundary line. Thus, by calculating sanitary “areas of action”, their spread to neighbors can be reduced by 1 m. But this does not apply to fire restrictions: fire rules, like fire, do not recognize formal boundaries.

Road

The red line of the road cannot come close to the border of the site. Even if there are no pillars between you and the road, there must be at least 1 m between the red line and the border of the site. This is a pedestrian path provided for by traffic regulations. Since, according to the same traffic regulations, a pedestrian has an advantage over vehicles, the “areas of action” of any objects towards the road can also be shifted by 1 m. In fire terms, too, because the road is not a fire hazard. Household sanitary restrictions are also invalid for her. Let us also remember that on the other side of the road there is also a pedestrian path, the boundaries of the areas there, and their owners should not move their buildings closer than 1 m to their boundaries. Total: 1 + 1 + 4.7 (the width of the road between the red lines) + 1 ( “your” walking path) = 7.7 m. We subtract them from 15 m (“area of ​​influence” of the cesspool and barnyard), we get 7.3 m. This is the minimum possible distance to which the toilet can be safely moved, etc. P. to the border of the site running along the road.

buildings

Reduce the “ranges of action” de jure, i.e. formally impossible. But de facto, i.e. In reality, their harmful impact can be reduced or its nature can be taken into account by targeting objects that act on the surrounding environment. through drains - a cesspool and a bathhouse. In this case, possible damage to yourself is your business (if other people were not harmed), and neighbors and regulatory authorities simply will not have grounds to make claims.

Cesspool and toilet

There’s nothing you can do about a “outhouse type” toilet; it may not even have enough sanitary standards. An individual local sewerage system with a septic tank on a plot of 6 acres is an impossible dream - there is not and cannot be a place for a wastewater disposal field. A septic tank with air purging can be attached directly to the house, and the flow from it is suitable for irrigation, but it is expensive, energy dependent, and without a regular flow of nutrients for activated sludge, it dies. The same (except for energy dependence) applies to country dry toilets: if you go to the site only on weekends, each time you will need to take a new absorber cassette with you - the old one, after opening, will die of hunger within a week.

The ideal technical solution is collective local sewerage. But, firstly, places for its release field are difficult to find and not always possible. Secondly, if there are less than 15-20 subscribers, then the collective local sewage system becomes far from ideal in terms of the initial investment.

A good individual solution for a weekend home is a powder closet with peat filler. It does not drain into the ground, does not contribute to the spread of infection carriers, and practically does not emit odors. The filler is cheap - ordinary agricultural peat crumbs. The used filler can be dumped into a compost heap or a regular trash can. The only drawback is regular self-service; not a very pleasant procedure.

Note: modern dry closets are invented precisely on the basis of peat powder closets.

Bath

Firstly, the flow from a private bath is irregular and not plentiful. Secondly, not fecal, but so-called gray. Gray wastewater does not contribute to the development of harmful soil microflora and microfauna and is quickly neutralized by beneficial ones. If the drainage pit of a bathhouse is located under its floor, then in fact it will not have a harmful effect on the environment and will not provide grounds for making claims. In this case, a bathhouse without water taps (i.e. not connected to a water supply) can be considered an ordinary residential or outbuilding with an “action radius” of 3-5 m.

Design

Designing a site using landscape design methods aims, firstly, to improve its ergonomics - internal paths of movement and access for processing and maintenance. Secondly, hide the technical means of arrangement and internal infrastructure - poles, wires, pipes. Thirdly, create comfortable conditions for relaxation. Fourthly, visually expand the boundaries of the site and the free spaces on it. The main techniques of landscape design, successfully used in small areas, are as follows:

1. placement of a residential building deep into the territory;
2. filling corners;
3. enclosing the site completely or partially with a green fence;
4. installation and construction of auxiliary products and buildings - benches, swings, children's slides and corners, gazebos, pergolas, etc.;
5. decorative (and possibly productive) partitioning of the area with trellises.

House in the depths

It is technically difficult and not always possible to locate a house on 6 acres deep in the plot, see below. But moving the house deeper into the interior is a very effective design technique, equally effective for exclusively commercial farms and for purely recreational and decorative dachas, see fig.. The house hides possibly unsightly buildings behind it and creates the illusion that the space in front of the house is only a vestibule , and the area itself is larger.

Path and driveways

Moving the house deeper into the interior immediately sharpens the issue of organizing access roads (see above) and poses the problem of allocating usable space (which, on 6 acres, is, to put it mildly, not in excess) for permanent walking routes. However, in fact, it is quite possible not to make the area under paths and vehicle routes on a site useless: being unproductive in itself, it can increase the productivity of cultivated areas so much that the allocation of land for paths will be more than compensated for. Moreover, it is even possible to reduce the costs and labor required to maintain soil fertility. On 6 acres, where it is very difficult to organize the correct rotation of agricultural crops and soil reclamation, this is especially relevant.

A way to make paths not only convenient, but also useful is a perforated covering made of propylene blocks for garden paths, turning them into lawn paths. In public places it doesn’t really justify itself, but for your dacha, as they say, it’s just right.

Plates should be taken with wide perforations and narrow partitions; if the surface is also driveable (for example, the entrance to a garage), then with thrust bearings, designed for loads from vehicles, at the top in Fig. on right. The slabs are simply laid on leveled ground (down there) using built-in locks. Then the path is covered with a 1:1 mixture of humus and sand or lawn soil, sown with lawn grasses and watered. When the grass puts out fresh leaves, earthworms are released onto the path. It is better to dig up wild ones, they are more tenacious and more active than the pampered ones from vermiculture.

It is very difficult to trample the grass on such a path on purpose, because... the growing point and tillering node are reliably protected. Worms under the lawn reproduce well, overwinter well, spread throughout the entire area and do their useful work. But slugs, mole crickets, wireworms and other soil pests avoid areas with lawn paths; most likely due to their good ventilation - the soil under the lawn path does not self-heat and does not suffocate, which is necessary for the proliferation of pests.

Angles

The open corner of the site immediately shows 2 of its boundaries, and the covered one eliminates them from view; This is what the “angle hiding effect” is based on. Covering the corner can be complete, or physical, and virtual, visual. The first is more suitable for decorative and recreational areas; in this case, a seating area is placed in the most visible corner, see fig. on right.

In commercial and utility and recreational areas, the allocation of a large area for decorative purposes is undesirable. In this case, only an artificial mini-reservoir will help solve the problem; preferably with a stream or cascade. Let us remember Aksakov: “Water is the beauty of nature.” The murmuring streams seem to take the area out of its technogenic surroundings and distract attention so much that the unpainted plank fence leaning against the stone wall does not catch the eye, see figure:

Green fence

A green fence and trellis do not visually expand the area, but they reduce visibility (a green fence removes it completely), muffle sounds and absorb odors. A green fence is made either along the entire perimeter, or partially where it is needed. The basis of the green fence is ordinary with additions inside, see figure:

In the shade, along the green fence they allow the so-called. petrophilous vines (“climbers”), attached to the support with suckers-haustoria, for example. ivy. In the light - stem vines (twisting around a support), for example. clematis, or hook-like thorns clinging to it, for example. climbing roses. Legumes are not very suitable - they do not form a continuous green veil.

Firstly, edible grapes should not be allowed along the green fence - they require 2-sided lighting and ventilation. Secondly, the so-called wild grape with 5-lobed compound leaves and small black acrid (and poisonous) berries - it is a ferocious root aggressor, releasing harmful pollutants into the soil cultivated plants substances. Thirdly, any Kirkazonaceae are entirely toxic, and their pollinators are flies, which is why Kirkazonaceae flowers and plants in mass smell unpleasant.

Layout

A standard plot of 6 acres is a rectangle of 20x30 m, with the short side facing the road. At the convergence of tracks inside the building mass, trapezoidal and wedge-shaped sections are formed. Along its edges there are many sections in the form of an unequal trapezoid with an irregular oblique side - a curve or broken line. The layout of a specific site, depending on its configuration, is based on one or another standard scheme layout of 6 acres. Not regulated, but in practice a very, very desirable principle - the toilet (drain, cesspool) should be located below the house and cellar along the groundwater flow.

Layout schemes for plots of 6 acres, modified from the standard ones, taking into account the possibilities of simplifying regulatory requirements (see above), are given in Fig. The dotted circles show the “action zones” of certain objects. The green dotted line around the perimeter shows the green fence, the thick blue line shows the demarcation line; The thin blue dotted line marks the neighboring boundaries and the pedestrian path. Designations on the diagrams:

• B – bathhouse with internal drainage without running water.
• G – garage.
• D – house.
• CC – compost heap (pit, box).
• PO is a recreation area with a fire.
• T – toilet (cesspool, waste pit).
• KhB - a utility block with a poultry house and, possibly, a barnyard.
• Ш – trellis.

At pos. 1 – the most common and severe case: neighbors on all sides, slope from the road. Its features are, firstly, a minimum area for productive plantings. Secondly, a 3x4 m country house can be set back no more than 3-4 m in depth, but you cannot make a playground in front of it - there is a road behind the fence. Thirdly, the most convenient fire is quite safe at 6 wind points out of 8, quite safe at 7 points, and one point is only relatively safe. It will become completely safe for a residential building if it is moved to the opposite long side, but then the comfort of rest will decrease.

Pos. 2 – border area of ​​regular shape. You are lucky: the fire is quite safe, and the productive area is 15-20% more than before. case. Pos. 3 – commercial area without serious design requirements. In general, it’s good: it doesn’t matter which direction the slope is, and the productive area is 20-25% larger than in the first case. Common areas and utility areas are additionally fenced off from the road by trees.

Pos. 4 – wedge or trapezoid section. According to land management rules, such areas are allocated from the massif so that the slope and underground drainage go to the narrow side of the trapezoid or the tip of the wedge, so there is no need to study geology at first. But still, not very lucky: the productive area is as in pos. 2 and conflicts with neighbors over the cesspool and utility yard are unlikely, but the house, garage and recreation area are placed with difficulty. Optimal planning of a wedge plot is possible only if its size is at least 10 acres, see figure:

An example of the layout of a small wedge-shaped plot of land

Note: sections - oblique trapezoids are planned like wedge-shaped ones - “useful obscenity” in a sharp corner.

If possible together

You are exceptionally lucky if the neighboring plots adjacent to any of the corners farthest from the road are either not built up, or their complete redevelopment is planned. The second condition is that the owners of these plots are understanding and accommodating people. In this case, be sure to agree that the cesspools, poultry houses and pens should all be brought together at the junction of the corners.

The principle of collective planning of plots of 6 acres is shown in the figure:

The joint layout gives the following:

1. Design and development permitting can be carried out by one organization in a package. It will cost each of the participants 20-30% and up to 50% cheaper than individually;
2. Each site releases another approx. 10% more productive area than pos. 3 above;
3. The slopes and direction of underground flow in all areas lose their decisive significance;
4. The influence of wastewater sources on other neighbors is completely excluded - their claims simply will not be accepted for consideration;
5. It is easy to find a place for such a necessary structure as cellar P;
6. Sand wells (see above) on all sites in all but exceptionally poor geological conditions can be placed so that they influence underground flow to a safe extent.

About the layout of the house

Having determined the location of the house, you need, without delay, to sketch out and first analyze the options for its layout - this is a treacherous stage that most often leads inexperienced developers to a dead end. The fact is that natural light in residential premises is also standardized. Of course, no authorities will evict you from your home, but aren’t your well-being and health more important than paper regulations?

First of all, we determine in which illumination zone the house is located, see fig. on right. Then we estimate its layout and check whether it corresponds to the standard for light:

• In a house with more than 3 rooms, the windows of at least 2 living rooms must receive direct sunlight continuously for at least 2 hours a day.
• A house with 2-3 rooms - at least one of the living rooms must also be continuously insulated for at least 2 hours a day.
• One-room house - the room must be continuously insulated for at least 2.5 hours a day.

Note: The times of morning and evening insolation do not add up! Only continuous insolation is considered! It is highly advisable to place children's rooms under morning insolation.

Corner instead of zone

To get out of the design impasse that has arisen due to insolation, most often it helps to abandon the fire in the recreation area. The refusal is formal, in the documents: nowhere are there any prohibitions on replacing a stationary flame device with a movable one, for example. welded metal. The main thing is that it does not contain building structures, under it there is a foundation, and above it there are permanent buildings.

Formally, a mobile fireplace can take its place for centuries, but here a formal miracle occurs: formally, the recreation area turns into a recreation area, for which there are no standards at all. And the design of the adjacent recreation area can be no worse than a formally full-fledged recreation area, see fig.:

About the basics of phytodesign

Phytodesign of individual plots, especially small ones, is a separate topic, and a very difficult one. Plants should shade each other and the house as little as possible. but, on the other hand, tall plants must cover low ones and everything from the cold winter winds: they dry out the soil, because Ice sublimates - evaporates without melting. In places with little snow with a continental climate (Central and Eastern Siberia) or in temperate latitudes with a monsoon climate (Far East, Kuril Islands, Kamchatka), it is better to plant tall plants from the prevailing winter winds - the increase in productivity in summer due to light on average will be “eaten up” over several years » freezing in winter.

It is also necessary to take into account the daily rhythm of plant life. Before the daytime peak of insolation, they are most actively engaged in biosynthesis, and after it they begin to prepare for the night. That is why watering, spraying and foliar feeding are best done in the evening. IN general plants on the site they are built as if in terraces in the direction of the most active light:

• Lawn, ground cover and low flower beds.
• Potatoes, herbaceous berries.
• Other garden, cut flowers.
• Shrub berries.
• Trellis vineyards.
• Trees.

Around the world approx. from the latitude of Kursk to Moscow region. It is advisable to arrange tiers of plants in ascending order from southeast to northwest. From Moscow to St. Petersburg - from south-southeast to north-northwest. To the north - along the south-north line. South of Kursk to Rostov-on-Don in the direction from east-southeast to west-northwest. To the south, the direction of increase in the tiers again changes to southeast - northwest; This is due to the reduction in summer daylight hours at low latitudes compared to high latitudes.

Design and layout

Free computer programs for landscape design can be easily found in the search using the links “landscape design software download free” or “landscape design software download free”. However, none of them, incl. paid professionals, does not fully take into account all the troubles between different sets of rules, and even less does not understand how to get around them, so do not forget all of the above. To understand what you found, watch a selection of videos:

Review of popular software of this kind:

Introducing the ScetchUp 8 application (Russian version). Advantages: a big library primitives (houses, trees, etc. figures), fast rendering of 3D layouts. Disadvantage: it does not comply satisfactorily with Russian standards:

A home should not only be a place of rest and protection from the problems of the outside world. This is a zone of relaxation and increased comfort, as well as a place where various functions will be performed. Therefore, when planning a plot of 6 acres, it is necessary to think through every detail and element of the exterior, because in a small space it is necessary to place the necessary buildings and allocate the area for a garden area.

Standard indicators and planning

For most gardeners, it will be new that a certain number of houses and the placement of additional buildings are allowed on each plot of land. It is not enough to do everything at your own discretion and draw up a project based on your own preferences. There must be compliance with regulatory indicators and requirements. It also contains a list of documents required for registration of a new site, requirements for the placement of houses relative to the border of the territory.

Only after the completed project meets all regulatory requirements and is signed by the relevant registration authorities can the next stage of work begin.

When planning 6 acres, this area must have:

It is not necessary to separate zones with fences; it is enough to determine its own place for each of them. Also, the dimensions of the buildings must be indicated and their placement relative to the conventional red line, which indicates the street, is taken into account. The regulations specify a distance of at least 5 meters. Also, according to the documentation, it is required:

• Installation of the house three meters from the boundary.
• Placement of additional buildings no further than 1 meter from the border with the neighboring site.
• The poultry house and barn are located 15 meters from residential buildings.
• The windows of the dwelling are placed so that they do not overlook the utility block of the neighboring yard. The required distance is at least 6 meters.

A standard water supply system is installed into the ground to a depth of 80 cm. If this is a summer option, then the hoses are installed on the surface of the ground and dismantled closer to autumn.

The layout of the toilet and bathhouse outside the dacha should be located away from the recreation area. Even if the house has a bathroom, the additional toilet on the site remains unchanged.

Installation of a sewerage system or a wastewater collection system is required if the dacha will be used all year round. We must adhere to the rules and applications established by SNiP and SANPIN.

Requirements for sewerage placement

The location of waste pipes should be no closer than 10 meters from the water main so that in the event of a breakthrough, impurities do not enter the liquid. The septic tank is installed below the water intake level. This will protect against water contamination in case of malfunctions.

All zones on the project need to be arranged beautifully and originally. Stylists offer three options for this:

• Rectangular motif (preference is given to the severity of the outline of the alleys and straight lines, the basis is the geometric arrangement of objects. Most often, the motif is chosen by pedantic people or perfectionists).
• Circular type (smooth lines and oval flower beds are important, the use of these elements in the design of the house to unify different architectural forms).
• Diagonal view (visually expands the boundaries of a small area and suggests diagonal zoning).

The choice of the type of arrangement of elements depends on personal preferences and the design of the house. It is important that the owners feel comfortable and cozy on the site, that the main functions are implemented and the aesthetics of the building are not disturbed.

Site decor

It is much more difficult to arrange and harmoniously connect entire zones in a small area than in a large area. After all, the entire territory is not easily visible, but it also makes it possible to hide design flaws or oversights.

Sometimes the resulting boundaries or strict lines of buildings do not allow you to feel the desired comfort. In this case, the situation can be corrected using climbing plants and garden trees.

Some concepts require an artificial pond. A small fountain or pond near the gazebo will create a calming murmur and help you relax. A beautiful element can also be installed in front of the gable of the house, but here you need to think about the size. The larger the water source, the more beautiful the site will ultimately become. You can combine aesthetics and functionality and make a beautiful pool instead of a fountain. But this will require more space and costs.

Another decoration of the house are flower beds.. Plants should not be planted randomly throughout the site, creating obstacles to normal movement. It is enough to make several medium-sized, multi-level flowerbeds to emphasize the originality and coziness of the site. Designers advise installing flower plantings in the recreation area, in front of the house or near gazebos and ponds.

Even a small area can combine functionality, aesthetic beauty and professional styling.

A summer resident who has purchased a plot of land without buildings knows how difficult it is to create a successful layout. In our country, plots of 6 acres are especially loved, on which you can place everything you need without overpaying. If you have a question regarding planning an area of ​​600 square meters, then the information from this article will be extremely useful.

Preliminary planning is a troublesome and time-consuming task, but only if you know nothing about this matter. If a person is already savvy, then he can easily create everything so that he and his loved ones can comfortably spend time at the dacha. During the construction process without preliminary planning, you may encounter the following difficulties:

• Inconsistency of the development of the site with existing GOSTs, which can affect operation and even be dangerous for the owner, his family and guests.
• Irrational use of free space. For example, if you choose the wrong dimensions of a residential building and position it incorrectly, you may later lose space for outbuildings or a bathhouse.
• Undesirable arrangement of site elements. So, for example, if you don’t plan, you can do harm and create not very comfortable conditions for yourself. This, for example, could be a cesspool or compost pit, which is located under the kitchen or bedroom window.

These are just some of the problems owners face. summer cottages, who did not want to plan the space.

Start of planning

So, a plot of 6 acres was purchased. The desired layout of it can be simply drawn on a sheet of paper or reproduced using a specialized computer program. Even if the owner does not have artistic skills, he will be able to create the drawing himself. The main thing is to stick to a scale of 1:500 and carefully draw lines in accordance with the requirements of the standards. It is worth talking in more detail about how the layout of summer cottages is regulated.

Building codes and standards

The planning of any site must be carried out in strict compliance with SNiP. To do this, when drawing up a plan, the following points must be taken into account:

• All buildings on the site can only be built at a distance of more than 5 meters from the main street line.
• Buildings with wooden roofs require a distance of 8 meters between each other.
• Residential buildings are located at least 3 meters away from the neighboring property.
  Advice! If space allows, it is better to move the house exactly 3 meters from the neighbors to get a spacious courtyard.
• Outbuildings cannot be located closer than 1 meter to the neighboring property.
• There should be 6 m of free space between the house, bathhouse, garage or barn and neighbors.
• When planning, the toilet should be located 15 m from the residential building.
• There must be at least 8 meters from the country house to the bathhouse.
• The well can be dug at a distance of more than two tens of meters from the compost pit or cesspool.
• Low shrubs are planted at a distance of at least 2 m, tall ones - 4 m, and bushes - 1 m.
• If there is a paddock with livestock on the neighbors’ property, then the distance between buildings and buildings should be at least 15 m.

If you need to place buildings on the site close to each other, then it is better to build their walls from ceramic bricks. These materials are not capable of spreading fire and maintaining combustion, which will ensure fire safety.

Some requirements also apply to fences. The height of the fence, if it acts as a border with neighbors, cannot exceed 1.5 meters. Otherwise, artificial shading of neighboring plantings may be created, which will not make the owners of the site very happy. From the street side, the height of the fence can be any.

Location of the site relative to the cardinal points

Residential premises located on the site must necessarily receive the largest amount natural light during the day. In a one-room and two-room house, at least one room should be illuminated for 2.5 hours a day. Multi-room buildings require natural light in at least two rooms for 2.5 hours a day.

Thus, when planning in the northern part there are sanitary rooms, a wardrobe, a storage room and other rooms that do not need constant natural light and are not constantly used.

It is also important when arranging the windows of the house to calculate the presence of a panoramic view from them. It will be very unpleasant to observe a blank fence outside your bedroom or living room window.

Location of zones on the site

When planning a plot of 6 acres, it is necessary to correctly distribute the places in which this or that will be located. functional area. First of all, they always equip a residential building. Subsequently, the rest of the composition is built around it. Usually they build it on an elevated site so that the gable faces the street.

After this, you can begin to select the location of outbuildings. They usually try to hide them and place them where they will not be visible from the windows of the house, from the street and from the recreation area. Only a bathhouse can be visible, but only one whose external decoration is aesthetically pleasing.

On the site on different types buildings should account for only 10% of the total area.

Garden and planting area

After determining the location for the main buildings on the site, you can think about where to plant a garden and create a vegetable garden. Fruit trees and shrubs in small areas can occupy up to 60% of the total area. For example, you can make a garden from several pear trees, 5 apple and cherry trees, several dozen raspberry bushes and 6 currants. For 6 acres, this is the optimal layout option that can be used. A small bed with strawberries can also be arranged in the garden.

In the place where the most sun hits, within 17% of the area of ​​the entire plot, you can occupy a small vegetable garden, where it is easy to place beds for carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes and herbs, as well as a place for planting potatoes.

Leisure area

Of course, a plot of 6 acres does not belong to the category of large ones, but you still need to plan the space so that the owners have the opportunity to spend their free time comfortably. The most convenient place for this is a gazebo, which can be placed anywhere on the site where it is convenient for the owners.

To maintain a relaxing atmosphere next to the gazebo, it is better to create an artificial pond or decorative fountain.

If you plan to frequently receive guests in the future, it is best if the gazebo is placed next to the house. This will allow you not to walk far when taking food out into nature. Inside or outside the gazebo under a canopy, a barbecue or barbecue would be useful. If you have very little space, you can use a portable fryer.

Playground

For those families with children, it is very important to equip a site for their leisure time. It must be done in such a place that the entire area is clearly visible from the windows of a residential building. The site needs to be set up on a level place where the sun stays for a sufficient amount of time. It is also important to pay attention that during the day some part of it is in slight shade.

Decorative landscape and flower beds

To improve the appearance of the site, it is worth giving some part of it to the front garden, which is usually located next to the house or along the fence. It is best not to plant tall trees and shrubs that will shade large areas. Optimal options When planning, there will be flower beds and neat lawns.

If you want to create something individual on a plot of 6 acres, then we can advise you to decorate its landscape decoratively. To do this, designers advise choosing geometric and free styles. In this way, you can achieve a spectacular appearance and neatness of the entire area.

It is best to decorate the area in front of the house in a strict style, and the relaxation area in a free style. This solution will make the site aesthetically attractive and comfortable to be in. Only free design can give the site an abandoned look.

There should be only one tree on a small plot of 6 acres if it is quite massive. And to improve the appearance of the fence, its perimeter is decorated with shrubs or climbing plants.

The paths are laid out in a winding shape, since straight lines will make the area visually even smaller. For flower beds, flowers are chosen in bright colors that contrast with each other. Pastel shades are not suitable for an area that cannot boast of dimensions.

Layout examples

When planning, the territory of a summer cottage can take on different shapes, which is important to consider. So, the area of ​​the plot can be:

Conclusion

Even a small dacha plot of 6 acres can be very beautiful and comfortable to live in if you follow some planning criteria. It all depends on the preferences of the owner, but you shouldn’t forget about the standards and ergonomic ones either, since thanks to them, you can create a summer cottage that will become a reason for pride.