Zhukovsky Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after V. Myasishchev. JSC Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after. V.M. Myasishcheva Plant named after Myasishcheva
On May 26, it will be 30 years since the first aircraft of the last company of General Designer Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev M-17, later called “Stratosphere,” took off into the skies of our city.
It all started back in 1967. It was then that the CPSU Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers issued a resolution on the creation of an aviation complex to intercept and destroy drifting balloons.
By this time, the US Army and CIA had acquired a new means of delivering equipment into the airspace of our country - automatic drifting balloons launched from the territory of NATO countries. Using the winds that prevail at high altitudes over the territory of the USSR, they crossed our country from west to east. Controlled by radio, capable of changing flight altitude from almost 0 to 45-50 km, these Balloons could carry not only equipment that was also triggered by command, but also wide range explosives, including, of course, nuclear ones.
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Our air defenses were forced to use air-to-air or surface-to-air missiles to destroy drifting balloons. It is clear that the cost of destruction was tens of times higher than the cost of a balloon made of cheap Mylar or Dacron film.
As it became known later, none of the Generals took on the creation of such a high-altitude aircraft - this task was too unusual and new for our aircraft construction.
It was immediately clear to the specialists that the plane must fly very high and very slowly, because the target practically stands still. How to ensure these two mutually exclusive characteristics is an extremely difficult task. In this case, the thrust of any turbojet engine when flying at altitudes of 20 km or more drops to values not exceeding 3% of the thrust on the ground.
A tiny group of specialists working on the first project of a high-altitude subsonic aircraft were young specialists from the Experimental Machine-Building Plant. By the way, during subsequent work on this aircraft, the backbone of the designers was, as a rule, Zhukovites. Therefore, we can assume that this “high-rise building” was conceived, designed, and subsequently built and tested in our city by our residents.
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The work received - according to the rules of that time - the name "topic 34". The drawings showed a light-wing aircraft of a normal design with a high aspect ratio wing, two engines mounted on the wing, and a thin fuselage. But no one could say how this plane would fly.
Soon the design bureau's designers got involved in the work.
By this time, we had already studied the famous high-altitude U-2, studied the full-scale design of the airframe, using the remains of what was left of the plane shot down near Sverdlovsk, restored the wing profile, and closely followed the activities of Clarence Johnson, who led the work on the creation of the spy plane.
The press reported that U-2 pilots are united in special units of the US Air Force, have distinctive scarves and badges on their uniforms, take the helm of the U-2 only after a colossal raid on other aircraft, are always under the strict supervision of doctors and are the elite of the Air Force .
Having recreated (of course, theoretically) the brainchild of “Kelly” Johnson together with specialists from the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Prof. NOT. Zhukovsky, we calculated the possible flight data of the U-2 and obtained a maximum flight altitude of 21 km.
Since the customers for the aircraft we were creating were the air defense forces, sometimes the work on “topic 17” - that’s how this work was now called - was supervised by the Commander-in-Chief of the air defense forces, Marshal E. Ya Savitsky.
All “control” meetings of the marshal took place, of course, with the participation of V.M. Myasishcheva.
During one of his visits to the Design Bureau, the marshal “cursed” our work, saying that his services recorded the U-2 at altitudes much higher than 21 km, and we calculated everything incorrectly, and therefore we did not have the high-altitude subsonic aircraft ordered to us it will work out.
We argued, showed calculations, got excited (our main opponent was the head of the aerodynamics department), but the marshal was relentless.
Vladimir Mikhailovich did not participate in the dispute; he looked at it all as if from the outside, which seemed very strange to us. But there's nothing you can do about it. And so this meeting ended - the marshal did not retreat. And only when the meeting ended, he “split and said that his services did not record the U-2 even at this altitude. And the strange silence of Vladimir Mikhailovich became clear to us.
Then the ordeal with the engines began, which, by the way, was common for our aviation of those times. The only engine capable of operating in the required altitude range was the engine of Chief Designer P.A. Kolesov, created for the Tu-144, was therefore very heavy, since it must provide a speed corresponding to the number M = 2.2 and develop a thrust at the ground of 20 tons. But at an altitude of 25 km at M = 0.7, only 600 remained of its heroic thrust kg!
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The next problem was the wing profile and wing span layout. In principle, the problem is common, but for an airplane it seemed insurmountable.
An unusual fact - Myasishchev’s aerodynamicists managed to “find out” the way to create a high-loading profile for subsonic speeds, which, with the blessing of TsAGI master Yakov Moiseevich Serebrisky, formed the basis of the M-17 wing. As a result, the team of authors consisting of V.M. Myasishcheva, V.N. Arnoldova, A.A. Bruka, Yu.A. Gorelova, Ya.M. Serebrisky, S.G. Smirnova, A.D. In addition to the wing profile, Tokhuntsa developed a wing with a profile shape and area that could be changed in flight, receiving an author's certificate for it with priority dated May 21, 1971.
But all this was secret (such is the time). The Americans created such a wing only 6 years later and called it “adaptive”. There is no need to comment.
In 1978, the aircraft, apparently built in Bashkiria, at a helicopter manufacturing plant in the city of Kumertau, but after the death of V.M. Myasishchev, died without really taking off. Airplane pilot Kir Chernobrovkin also died, to whose grave at the Bykovskoye cemetery we bring flowers.
Then the EMZ was included in the work on the unlucky Buran, and everything came to a standstill. Only on May 26, 1982. The EMZ team, which by this time had received the name of Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev, took into the sky the new M-17 aircraft created and assembled in Zhukovsky and began testing it.
Myasishchev’s student Valentin Aleksandrovich Fedotov completed his teacher’s work. The first test pilot to fly the plane into the Zhukovsky sky was Eduard Cheltsov, the lead designer of the theme was Boris Morkovkin, the lead engineer of the plane was Oleg Bezhanov, all our fellow countrymen. The plane no longer had a separate wing, but the created supercritical high-lift wing profile, of course, remained. In total, about 30 new technical solutions, protected by copyright certificates, were introduced on the M-17. These are employees of the Electromagnetic Plant named after V.M. Myasishcheva: V.A. Fedotov, P.A. Alekseev, E.Ya. Abramenko, A.A. Brook, V.A. Zakharov, A.M. Kotelnikov, V.V. Lyubakov, I.V. Maslov, V.A. Negreba, S.G. Smirnov, A.D. Tokhunts, A.N. Urazov, V.S. Frolovsky, A.A. Shaltayev and the TsAGI scientists mentioned at the beginning of the article named after Prof. N.E. Zhukovsky. The result of the work was 25 world records set by pilots of the EMP named after. V.M. Myasishchev V. Archipenko, N. Generalov, O. Smirnov. These records left the “black lady” U-2 far behind.
Later, the aircraft, created as a balloon interceptor, found a peaceful profession. It has begun on planet Earth global warming, monitoring earth's surface and monitoring the state of the stratosphere have become an urgent task for humanity.
And then at the end of December 1990. from the airfield of the LII named after M.M. Gromov's plane took off on its first research flight. It was the high-altitude aircraft M-17, which is why it received the name “Stratosphere”. The flight was organized by the Noosphere association and the Moscow Patriarchate. The plane and pilot were blessed for the flight by Metropolitan Pitirim of Volokolamsk and Yuryevsk.
This is how the flights of aircraft with the letter “M” on board began under international research programs, which continue to this day.
This is obviously a very significant contribution of Zhukovsky residents to the protection of life on our planet. Since then, the new “high-altitude aircraft” has been piloted alternately by Heroes of Russia Viktor Vasenkov, Oleg Shchepetkov, Alexander Beschastnov, Oleg Kononenko and young test pilot Tagir Salakhutdinov.
Soon, in September of this year, Zhukovsky will celebrate the 110th anniversary of the birth of the Honorary Citizen of our city, Vladimir Mikhailovich Myasishchev. And the aircraft created at the Design Bureau named after him will help people more than once.
S.G. Smirnov. |
Named after V. M. Myasishchev
| FSUE "Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after V.M. Myasishchev" | |
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Federal State Unitary Enterprise |
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Aircraft industry |
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airplanes, multi-stage space systems |
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(EMZ) is an aerospace development bureau in Russia.
EMZ was established in 1966 by merging a branch of the machine-building plant named after. M.V. Khrunichev, located in Zhukovsky, and Design Bureau No. 90. The first general designer was Vladimir Myasishchev, who since 1967 was also the responsible head of the enterprise.
EMZ is part of the structure of JSC " ".
Main activities
Aircraft conversion and modification;
Development of aerostatic devices;
Aircraft testing;
Various types of research on aerial platforms;
Development and experimental testing of aircraft systems and spacecraft at stands;
Development and production of aircraft structures made of carbon fiber.
Sources
Categories:
- Companies by alphabet
- Businesses founded in 1966
- Scientific institutes of Russia
- Companies by alphabet
- Appeared in 1966
- United Aircraft Corporation
- Zhukovsky
- Enterprises of the Moscow region
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Experimental machine-building plant- (EMZ) named after V. M. Myasishchev. Founded in 1966 in Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, on the territory of the former flight test and development base of Experimental Design Bureau No. 23. The plant developed the VM T Atlant carrier aircraft and high-altitude... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"
Experimental machine-building plant- (EMZ) named after V. M. Myasishchev. Founded in 1966 in Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, on the territory of the former flight test and development base of Experimental Design Bureau No. 23. The plant developed the VM T Atlant carrier aircraft and high-altitude... ... Encyclopedia "Aviation"
The history of the enterprise dates back to 1933, when the Central Design Bureau was formed at the Moscow Aviation Plant No. 39 named after V. R. Menzhinsky (see TsKB), and in it a team for the development of a long-range bomber, headed, like... ... Encyclopedia of technology
This list contains alphabetical order all honored test pilots of the USSR who received this honorary title. The list contains information about the dates of life, place of work (service) of testers for the period of awarding the title and the date ... ... Wikipedia
Contents 1 Aircraft factories 2 Engine factories 3 See also... Wikipedia
EMZ is an abbreviation that has several meanings. experimental machine-building plant Experimental machine-building plant named after V. M. Myasishchev (Zhukovsky) experimental mechanical plant (or experimental mechanical ... ... Wikipedia
EMZ- EMZM Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after V. M. Myasishchev State Unitary Enterprise Zhukovsky EMZ Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 p. EMZM Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations... ...
EMZM- EMZ EMZM Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after V. M. Myasishchev State Unitary Enterprise Zhukovsky EMZ Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. St. Petersburg: Politekhnika, 1997. 527 p. EMZM Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations... ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations
This article lacks links to sources of information. Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and deleted. You can... Wikipedia
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Lua error in Module:Wikidata on line 170: attempt to index field "wikibase" (a nil value). K:Enterprises founded in 1966 Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after V. M. Myasishchev(EMZ) is an aerospace development bureau in Russia.
EMZ was established in 1966 by merging a branch of the machine-building plant named after. M.V. Khrunichev, located in Zhukovsky, and Design Bureau No. 90. The first general designer was Vladimir Myasishchev, who since 1967 was also the responsible head of the enterprise.
EMZ is part of the structure of JSC United Aircraft Corporation.
Main activities
- re-equipment of aircraft and their modification;
- development of aerostatic devices;
- aircraft testing;
- various types of research on aerial platforms;
- development and experimental testing of aircraft and spacecraft systems on stands;
- development and production of aircraft structures made of carbon fiber.
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An excerpt characterizing the Experimental Machine-Building Plant named after V. M. Myasishchev
“Of course!.. She is a very unhappy queen,” the little girl became a little sad.- Why unhappy? Looks like she’s very happy to me,” I was surprised.
“This is just now... And then she will die... She will die very scary - they will cut off her head... But I don’t like to watch that,” Stella whispered sadly.
Meanwhile, the beautiful lady caught up with our young Axel and, seeing him, froze for a moment in surprise, and then, blushing charmingly, smiled at him very sweetly. For some reason, I had the impression that the world froze for a moment around these two people... As if for a very short moment there was nothing and no one around for them except the two of them... But the lady moved on , and the magical moment fell apart into thousands of short moments that wove between these two people into a strong sparkling thread, never to let them go...
Axel stood completely stunned and, again not noticing anyone around, followed his beautiful lady, and his conquered heart slowly left with her... He did not notice the looks with which passing young beauties looked at him, and did not respond to their shining, inviting smiles.
Count Axel Fersen Marie Antoinette
As a person, Axel was, as they say, “both inside and out” very attractive. He was tall and graceful, with huge serious gray eyes, always amiable, reserved and modest, which attracted both women and men equally. His correct, serious face rarely lit up with a smile, but if this happened, then at such a moment Axel became simply irresistible... Therefore, it was completely natural for the charming female half to intensify the attention towards him, but, to their common regret, Axel was only interested in there is only one creature in the whole wide world - its irresistible, beautiful queen...
– Will they be together? – I couldn’t stand it. - They are both so beautiful!..
Stella just smiled sadly and immediately plunged us into the next “episode” of this unusual and somehow very touching story...
This plant was founded in 1966 by order of the USSR Minister of Defense. In 1967, full construction began, from two small branch plants they made one large one. Became the leader a famous person for aviation - Myasishchev. By the way, he was the owner of one of the branches, which was remodeled. Myasishchev has developed the following developments: the M-50 supersonic aircraft, DVB-102 and M-4 bombers. Since mid-1951, the plant, headed by a director, begins to create parts for spacecraft. In the future, it is these parts that will become the main ones for ships, and without their existence, flight into space will be impossible.
Click on the picture to enlarge the text
The year 1976 became a landmark year for all figures of the enterprise, namely, the plant was included in the group of designers for the development of a spacecraft and transport aircraft. As for the second development, Myasishchev proposed taking the M-4 aircraft as a basis, which would significantly simplify the progress of work, speed, and also significantly reduce the country’s budget. The idea was later approved and successfully implemented. On October 14, 1978, Myasishchev passed away, this news stunned the state, and it was also necessary to look for a new director for the EMP.
Until mid-1978, the plant was led by Mikoyan, but after a month of management, it was decided to give it to the previous director’s student, Fedotov. He had the best understanding of aviation of all the candidates, and also worked most closely with Myasishchev, which contributed to the same work as a teacher and original ideas, which will only benefit the USSR. Since the beginning of June, the plant has been proud and well-deserved of having V.M. Myasishchev.
In 1981, the design of the acclaimed VM-T Atlant aircraft was completed; test flights were immediately carried out, which were successful. And after a year and a half, an improved model comes out, namely: VM-T "Atlant" on the "back". But this did not mean that the first model would be eliminated; quite the contrary, they complemented each other. As a result, the pair of planes made 152 flights, thanks to which they transported all the necessary parts for the spacecraft to Baikonur.
At approximately the same time as the VT-M aircraft, another unique project was created, such as the M-17 “stratosphere” high-altitude aircraft. The uniqueness of this development is that by 1989, it broke 25 world records, which is a huge achievement for the entire Soviet Union.
In 1986, Novikov became director. Under his leadership, an improved model of the “stratosphere” was released - the M-55 “Geophysics” aircraft, which also did not go unnoticed; 16 world records were broken on its account.
1934 - KB-6 TsAGI
1937-38 - KB-84
1938-40 - STO-100 TsKB-29
1940-43 - STO-102 TsKB-29
1943-1946 - OKB-482
1951-1960 - OKB-23
1966 - Experimental Machine-Building Plant (EMZ)
1981 - EMZ named after V.M. Myasishchev
140160 Russia, Zhukovsky-5, Moscow region.
MYASISCHEV Vladimir Mikhailovich (09/28/1902 - 10/14/1978)- Soviet aircraft designer, major general engineer (1944), Hero of Socialist Labor (1957), Doctor of Technical Sciences (1959), Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the RSFSR (1972).
After graduating from the Moscow Higher Technical School (1926), he worked at the A.N. Tupolev Design Bureau (as part of TsAGI), participated in the creation of the TB-1, TB-3, ANT-20 “Maxim Gorky” aircraft. Since 1934, he was the head of the experimental aircraft brigade (KB-6) of the design department of the experimental construction sector of TsAGI, which in 1936 created the ANT-41 (T-1) torpedo bomber. In 1937-38, chief designer of the design bureau of plant No. 84 (Khimki, Moscow region), created to process documentation for the introduction into serial production of the licensed DC-3 (Li-2) aircraft.
He was unreasonably repressed in 1938-40. was in custody, while working in TsKB-29 of the NKVD in the special department of STO-100 V.M. Petlyakov (chief of the wing brigade). At the end of 1939 Myasishchev proposed a project for a long-range bomber “102” with pressurized cabins. To develop it, a design bureau was created at the Central Design Bureau, which Myasishchev headed in 1940-43. The act on state tests of DVB-102 (long-range high-altitude bomber) in 1942 noted that DVB-102 was the first domestic bomber with pressurized cabins, providing normal physiological conditions for the crew to work. For the first time in the Soviet aircraft industry, a chassis with a nose wheel, small arms and cannon weapons with remote control, a thin wing with a relative thickness of 10 to 16% and built-in caisson tanks. The bomb hatch doors, 5.7 m long, opened inward. The maximum bomb load was 3 tons. Flight tests of the aircraft were carried out until 1946.
After the death of Petlyakov, from 1943 Myasishchev was the chief designer and head of the development departments at plant No. 22 in Kazan for modifications and serial production of the Pe-2 dive bomber and at plant No. 482 in Moscow for the development of the DVB-102 aircraft. At the beginning of 1944 The Pe-2I day dive bomber was developed with a flight speed exceeding the speed of German fighters, capable of carrying a bomb weighing 1 ton in the fuselage to destroy powerful defensive fortifications. The Pe-2I became the basis for the creation of a number of experimental bomber aircraft Pe-2M, DB-108, and the DIS long-range escort fighter.
In 1945, Myasishchev began manufacturing a prototype of the RB-17, a four-engine bomber with a Jumo-004 turbojet engine. But in February 1946, the OKB was disbanded, which was motivated by its “low impact.” The areas, resources and staff of OKB-482 are transferred to S.V. Ilyushin. Developments on the RB-17 made it possible to quickly create the jet Il-22.
In 1946-51, Myasishchev headed the department of aircraft design, dean of the aircraft engineering faculty of the Moscow Aviation Institute. Since 1947 - professor.
In the early 50s, Myasishchev submitted a proposal to the government to create a strategic aircraft with a flight range of 11-12 thousand km. J.V. Stalin accepted this proposal and on March 24, 1951, by government decision, Experimental Design Bureau No. 23 was recreated by chief designer V.M. Myasishchev. The aircraft, equipped with four turbojet engines and designated M-4, was designed and built just one year and 10 months after the organization of the OKB. The M-4 developed a “bar-cone” system for refueling aircraft in the air. A further development of the M-4 was the 3M aircraft (M-6) - a jet strategic bomber with four turbojet engines. The aircraft had the same design as the M-4, but the aerodynamics were improved. 19 world records were set on M-4 and 3M aircraft.
Since 1956 V.M. Myasishchev has been general designer. In the mid-50s, the Design Bureau was tasked with creating a supersonic strategic missile carrier. There was no experience in creating such aircraft, and the Design Bureau under the leadership of V.M. Myasishchev developed new design methods. The chosen layout - a long thin fuselage and a thin delta wing with 4 turbojet engines - required the use of non-standard, original design solutions. The aircraft, named M-50, made its first flight in 1959. The M-40 Buran supersonic strategic cruise missile of the surface-to-surface class was also being developed. In development of this project, the M-44 air-launched cruise missile was created, designed to arm the supersonic missile carriers M-52 (RSS-52) and M-56. For a covert low-altitude air defense breakthrough, the strategic supersonic M-57 was developed. There were also the first passenger versions of a supersonic aircraft in the USSR - M-53 and M-55. And the projects of bombers with nuclear power systems ("", M-60) are still little known.
In 1957-60, the Myasishchev Design Bureau also developed projects for the first Soviet spaceplane VKA-23 (M-48). But in the fall of 1960, OKB-23 became a branch (!) of the much smaller OKB-52 of V.N. Chelomey, working on rocket and space topics.
In 1960-67, Vladimir Mikhailovich was in honorary “exile” - the head of TsAGI.
In November 1966, the OKB was re-established and Myasishchev became the general designer of the Experimental Machine-Building Plant (EMZ) in Zhukovsky, formed on the territory of the former flight test and development base of the Experimental Design Bureau N`23. The OKB was relatively small in number. Many of the former specialists who had experience in creating 3M and M-50 bombers have already “taken root” in other companies. The plant in Fili, which was previously part of V.M. Myasishchev’s design bureau, was given to TsKBM for missile work, and there was practically nothing at the new location in Zhukovsky.
Here, under his leadership, experimental work was carried out to increase the flight range of the Il-62 due to laminarization of the flow, the use of composite materials, and the M-18 and M-20 strategic bombers were designed.
As part of NPO Molniya, into which the enterprise was included in 1976, the EMZ developed a crew cabin, an integrated emergency escape system, a life support and thermal control system for the Buran reusable orbital vehicle. At the EMZ flight test base (NPO Molniya - together with LII) a complex of atmospheric flight tests was carried out on an analogue of the Buran ship.
Member of the USSR Supreme Council in 1958-66. Lenin Prize (1957). Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin, Orders of the October Revolution, Suvorov 2nd class, Red Banner of Labor, Medals. In 1981, the name of Myasishchev was given to the Experimental Machine-Building Plant. 