Scientists have solved the mysteries of the Sumerians. Mysteries of Sumerian civilization Helped... Sumerian priest

Sensational artifacts - against outdated historical data

In his books and in particular in the book “Leafing through the Book of Genesis: has he caught up with modern science ancient knowledge? Zecharia Sitchin writes about many of the cities described in Christian Bible, such as Babylon, Akkad, Erech, which were considered mythical for a long time because no one could prove their existence. But ultimately, all the cities mentioned in the Bible were found within the last 120 years. When excavations reached the lower layers of these ancient cities, thousands of cylindrical clay tablets were recovered, on which the history of the ancient Sumerians and the history of the Earth, going back hundreds of thousands of years, were recorded in great detail. The ancient Sumerians give a version of the history of the Earth that is difficult for us to accept because of our confidence that our knowledge of the history of the Earth is correct. This narrative is so incredible that it is very difficult for our scientists to accept it. But at the same time, how to explain the fact that they knew about the planetary structure of the solar system. They knew what our solar system looks like when you approach it from space. The Sumerians described in detail the comparative sizes of all the planets, their appearance and even color. And all this was described in detail 3800 years BC.

Before NASA sent a space probe beyond the outer planets, Sitchin gave them Sumerian descriptions of all the planets as seen from space. And, when the satellite approached them one after another, the Sumerian descriptions turned out to be absolutely accurate. The Sumerians also knew that the Earth's axis is tilted 23 degrees to the plane of its orbit around the Sun and that it completes a full circle in a period of 25,920 years.

Perhaps nothing amazes the scientific world more than the knowledge that the Sumerians possessed.

Hundreds of tablets that were found during excavations indicate that the ancient Sumerians knew everything about space, all the planets, and with amazing accuracy. They were able to calculate the rotation of stars using the heliocentric model of the universe.

The equinox period of winter and summer was fully studied, and they also knew everything about the planet Uranus, it should be noted that Uranus was discovered only in the 18th century.
Scientists have also fully proven the fact that Ancient Babylon left us not its manuscripts, but copies of Sumerian documents. Calculations related to astronomy, all kinds of formulas and tables - all this is so accurate that the debate among scientists does not stop to this day - how could the ancient Sumerians produce all this?

Now it becomes clear that many events, historical information, important knowledge that helps people reach a higher level described in the Bible - all this came from the Sumerian civilization.

There are more and more versions in the direction that there were aliens after all. This was the era of civilization, and the Sumerians were better developed than we are now. Nothing else can explain this.
During excavations, the Sumerian Solar System was found, which accurately indicated the location of all the planets. There is, however, a mystery - the Sumerians have another planet between Mars and Jupiter. The Sumerians named it Nibiru. According to their calculations, Nibiru can cross the solar system only once every 3600 years, and the planet is inhabited by superintelligent beings.
What's most interesting is that 3600 years have almost passed. What awaits humanity with its appearance on the horizon is unknown. Scientists make a number of assumptions, one of which is that perhaps the appearance of Nibiru will shed light on the entire history of mankind.
Many of the mysterious writings of the Sumerians cannot be deciphered. One thing is clear - they were the first in everything. Judge for yourself. It was during the Sumerians that they were the first to build schools and medical institutions, they invented and introduced taxes, medicine and institutions. A parliament was formed, historians began to operate, the first money and legislation were invented. It was the Sumerians who introduced statutes to protect workers and the unemployed, and also a coalition of judges appeared.
Many of the mysterious writings of the Sumerians cannot be deciphered.
Medicine was at a high level of development: special medical sections were created, reference books contained terms, operations and hygiene skills. Scientists were able to decipher records of cataract surgery. Surprising? Considering that our modernity has reached such operations quite recently.
Even then, the Sumerians knew about the properties of alcohol as a disinfectant and used it during operations.
The Sumerians had unique knowledge in the field of mathematics - the ternary number system, the Fibonacci number, they knew everything about genetic engineering, they were fluent in the processes of metallurgy, for example, they knew everything about metal alloys, and this is a very complex process.
Their space knowledge is impressive. How could they know that the earth revolves around the sun and that the stars do not move? How did they know about Uranus, it was discovered only in 1781?
The Sumerians described in their writings a celestial battle-catastrophe that changed the solar system. They describe the planet Tiamat. Modern devices space exploration has only now confirmed the existence of a planet on the borders of the solar system.
Hundreds of Sumerian tablets are covered with astronomical terms, tables and formulas. Some show unknown patterns that are very similar to images of other galaxies. All the calculations were made so accurately that it is still unclear how they calculated it and why?
Why did a civilization that had just been born need all this knowledge?

And the calendar, which was invented precisely by the Sumerians. The solar-lunar calendar was extremely accurate. Also, it was the Sumerians who came up with the sexagesimal number system, which made it possible to multiply millionth numbers, count fractions, and find the root. The fact that we now divide a day into 24 hours, a minute into 60 seconds, a year into 12 months - all this is the Sumerian voice of antiquity.
Many Sumerian texts say that their civilization began precisely with the settlers who flew from Nibiru when it died. By the way, in the Bible there are records of people who descended from heaven and even took earthly women as wives.
Genetics scientists were especially shocked by the manuscripts found, which depict in vitro fertilization, all in detail.
Sumerian records say that Sumerian scientists and doctors of that time conducted many genetic engineering experiments before creating the perfect man, recorded in the Bible as Adam.
Scientists are even inclined to believe that the secrets of cloning were also known to the Sumerian civilization.
The only disappointment is that the secret of immortality has not been found, it was not given to us by immigrants from an alien planet. They had their own motives for this.
According to the research of modern scientists, most likely aliens flew to our planet in order to mine gold, but it so happened that they had to stay here, since their planet died. In Africa, mines have been found that date back to the Stone Age. Who could do this?
The existence of the mysterious planet Nibiru is in question. But there is data that can explain the mystery of Nibiru. . Scientists have discovered that there was indeed a huge planet between Mars and Jupiter. A terrible catastrophe - and it ceased to exist. Maybe the closest point for intelligent beings was our Earth?
The Sumerians described in detail in their texts that there was a celestial battle, and scientists have proven this. The trajectory of Uranus, Pluto and Neptune has been changed, and their satellites have a different plane. This proves that before the disaster these satellites did not belong to these planets.
It is worth noting that the Sumerians describe the celestial collision not as a battle of some large, highly developed creatures, but as a collision of several celestial bodies that changed the entire solar system.
By the way, the signs of the zodiac also came to us from the Sumerians, only they did not tie them to months, but used them in astronomy: they calculated the deviation of the earth’s axis, which divides the earth’s cycle of 25,920 years into 12 periods of 2,160 years each. This is the famous precession of our planet, which not all modern people know about.
How did they know about such a celestial cycle of movements if the Sumerian civilization lasted only two thousand years?
How and where did the Sumerian civilization come from, which gave impetus to the development of all other civilizations? And where did she disappear to? Scientists are considering many versions of what happened to the representatives of the high civilization that gave knowledge to the Sumerians... One thing is certain - they did not die. But where are they now? Are they watching us or have they been dealing with more significant issues for a long time, delving into the unknown space?
How and where did the Sumerian civilization come from?
Humanity is persistently seeking answers to questions related to the great Sumerian civilization. But there are no answers. Not yet! But they will be, they will definitely be. Humanity did not appear by chance and will solve all mysteries, no matter how complex they are.

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Another sensation!!! The Sumerian civilization was born by the Hittites and Hutts!!! And the Hittites, in turn, have roots in the Aratta civilization. And they spoke the Proto-Slavic language.

The civilization of ancient Sumer, its sudden appearance, produced an effect on humanity comparable to a nuclear explosion: a block of historical knowledge shattered into hundreds of small fragments, and years passed before this monolith could be put together in a new way.

The Sumerians, who practically did not “exist” at all one hundred and fifty years before the heyday of their civilization, gave so much to humanity that many still wonder: did they really exist? And if they were, why did they disappear into the darkness of centuries with resigned muteness?

Until the middle of the 19th century, no one knew anything about the Sumerians. Those finds that were later recognized as Sumerian were initially attributed to other periods and other cultures. And this defies explanation: a rich, well-organized, “powerful” civilization has gone so deeply “underground” that it defies logic. Moreover, the achievements of ancient Sumer, as it turned out, are so impressive that it is almost impossible to “hide” them, just as it is impossible to remove Egyptian pharaohs, Mayan pyramids, Etruscan tombstones, and Jewish antiquities from history.

An uplifting deception?

After the phenomenon of Sumerian civilization became a generally accepted fact, many researchers recognized their right to “cultural birthright.” The greatest expert on Sumer, Professor Samuel Noah Kramer, summed up this phenomenon in one of his books, declaring that “history begins in Sumer.” The professor did not sin against the truth - he counted the number of objects the right of discovery of which belonged to the Sumerians, and found that there were at least thirty-nine of them. And most importantly, what kind of items! If one of the ancient civilizations had invented one thing, they would have gone down in history forever! And here there are as many as 39 (!), and one is more significant than the other!

The Sumerians invented the wheel, parliament, medicine and many other things we still use today.

Judge for yourself: in addition to the first writing system, the Sumerians invented the wheel, a school, a bicameral parliament, historians, something like a newspaper or magazine, which historians called “The Farmer's Almanac.” They were the first to study cosmogony and cosmology, compiled a collection of proverbs and aphorisms, introduced literary debates, were the first to invent money, taxes, legislate laws, carry out social reforms, and invent medicine (the recipes by which we obtain medicine in pharmacies also first appeared in ancient Sumer ). They also created a real literary hero, who in the Bible received the name Noah, and the Sumerians called him Ziudsura. It first appeared in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh long before the Bible was created.

Some Sumerian designs are still used and admired by people today. For example, medicine had a very high level. In Nineveh (one of the Sumerian cities) they discovered a library that had an entire medical department: about a thousand clay tablets! Can you imagine - the most complex medical procedures were described in special reference books, which talked about hygiene rules, operations, even the removal of cataracts and the use of alcohol for disinfection during surgical operations! And all this happened around 3500 BC - that is, more than fifty centuries ago!

Considering the antiquity when all this happened, it is very difficult to comprehend other achievements of the civilization hidden between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

The Sumerians were fearless travelers and outstanding sailors who built the world's first ships. One of the inscriptions excavated in the city of Lagash talks about how to repair ships and lists the materials that the local ruler supplied for the construction of the temple. There was everything from gold, silver, copper to diorite, carnelian and cedar.

What can I say: the first brick kiln was also built in Sumer! They also invented a technology for smelting metals from ore, such as copper - for this, the ore was heated to a temperature of over 800 degrees in a closed furnace with a low oxygen supply. This process, called smelting, was carried out when the supply of natural native copper was exhausted. Surprisingly, these innovative technologies were mastered by the Sumerians several centuries after the emergence of civilization.

And in general, the Sumerians made all their discoveries and inventions in a very short time - one hundred and fifty years! During this period of time, other civilizations were just getting on their feet, taking their first steps, but the Sumerians, like a non-stop conveyor belt, supplied the world with examples of inventive thought and brilliant discoveries. Looking at all this, many questions involuntarily arise, the first of which is: what kind of wonderful, mythical people are they, who came from nowhere, gave a lot of useful things - from a wheel to a bicameral parliament - and went into the unknown, leaving behind practically nothing traces?

A unique writing system, cuneiform, is also an invention of the Sumerians. The Sumerian cuneiform script could not be solved for a long time, until English diplomats, and at the same time intelligence officers, took up it.

Low truths

There are many versions about where the Sumerians came from and where their homeland is located, but this mystery has not been completely resolved. Let's start with the fact that even the name “Sumerians” appeared recently - they themselves called themselves black-headed (why is also unclear). However, the fact that their homeland is not Mesopotamia is quite obvious: their appearance, language, culture were completely alien to the tribes living in Mesopotamia at that time! Moreover, the Sumerian language is not related to any of the languages that have survived to this day!

Most historians are inclined to believe that the original habitat of the Sumerians was a certain mountainous area in Asia - it is not for nothing that the words “country” and “mountain” are written the same in the Sumerian language. And taking into account their ability to build ships and be at ease with water, they lived either on the seashore or next to it. The Sumerians also came to Mesopotamia by water: first they appeared in the Tigris delta, and only then began to develop the swampy, unsuitable shores for life.

Having drained them, the Sumerians erected various buildings, both on artificial embankments or on terraces made of mud brick. This method of construction is most likely not typical of lowland inhabitants. Based on this, scientists have suggested that their homeland is the island of Dilmun (the current name is Bahrain). This island, located in the Persian Gulf, is mentioned in the Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh. The Sumerians called Dilmun their homeland, their ships visited the island, but modern researchers believe that there is no serious evidence that Dilmun was the cradle of ancient Sumer.

Gilgamesh, surrounded by bull-like people, supports a winged disk - a symbol of the Assyrian god Ashur

There is also a version that the homeland of the Sumerians was India, Transcaucasia and even West Africa. But then it is not clear: why at that time there was no special progress observed in the notorious Sumerian homeland, but in Mesopotamia, where the fugitives sailed, there was an unexpected takeoff? And what kind of ships, for example, were there in Transcaucasia? Or in Ancient India?

There is also a version that the Sumerians are the descendants of the indigenous population of the sunken Atlantis, the Atlanteans. Supporters of this version claim that this island-state died as a result of a volcanic eruption and a giant tsunami that even covered the continent. Despite the controversy of this version, it at least explains the mystery of the origin of the Sumerians.

If we assume that a volcanic eruption on the island of Santorini, located in the Mediterranean Sea, destroyed the Atlantean civilization in its very heyday, why not assume that part of the population escaped and subsequently settled in Mesopotamia? But the Atlanteans (if we assume that it was they who inhabited Santorini) had a highly developed civilization, which was famous for its excellent sailors, architects, doctors, who knew how to build a state and manage it.

The most reliable way to establish a family connection between certain peoples is to compare their languages. The connection can be close - then the languages are considered to belong to the same language group. In this sense, all peoples, including those that disappeared long ago, have linguistic relatives among the peoples living to this day.

But the Sumerians are the only people who have no linguistic relatives! They are unique and inimitable in this too! And the deciphering of their language and writing was accompanied by a number of circumstances that cannot be called anything other than suspicious.

British trace

The most important point in the long chain of circumstances that led to the discovery of ancient Sumer was that it was found not thanks to the curiosity of archaeologists, but in... the offices of scientists. Alas, the right to discover the most ancient civilization belongs to linguists. Trying to understand the secrets of the wedge-shaped letter, they, like detectives in a detective novel, followed the trail of a hitherto unknown people.

But at first this was nothing more than a guess, until in the middle of the 19th century, employees of the British and French consulates began searching (as you know, most consular employees are professional intelligence officers).

Behistun inscription

At first it was a British army officer, Major Henry Rawlinson. In 1837-1844, this inquisitive military man, a decipherer of Persian cuneiform, copied the Behistun Inscription, a trilingual inscription on a rock between Kermanshah and Hamadan in Iran. The major deciphered this inscription, made in ancient Persian, Elamite and Babylonian, for 9 years (by the way, a similar inscription was on the Rosetta Stone in Egypt, which was found under the leadership of Baron Denon, also a diplomat and intelligence officer, who was once exposed for espionage from Russia).

Even then, some scholars began to suspect that the translation from the ancient Persian language was suspicious and similar to the language of the embassy code talkers. But Rawlinson immediately introduced scientists to clay dictionaries made by the ancient Persians. It was they who pushed scientists to search for the ancient civilization that existed in these places.

Ernest de Sarzhak, another diplomat, this time French, also joined this search. In 1877 he found a figurine made in an unknown style. Sarzhak organized excavations in that area and - what do you think? - pulled out from under the ground a whole pile of unprecedented beauty of artifacts. So one fine day, traces were found of the people who gave the world the first writing in history - the Babylonians, the Assyrians, and the later large city-states of Asia Minor and the Middle East.

Amazing luck also accompanied the former London engraver George Smith, who deciphered the outstanding Sumerian epic of Gilgamesh. In 1872 he worked as an assistant in the Egyptian-Assyrian department of the British Museum. While deciphering part of the text written on clay tablets (they were sent to London by Hormuz Rasam, Rawlinson's friend and also an intelligence officer), Smith discovered that a number of the tablets described the exploits of a hero named Gilgamesh.

He realized that part of the story was missing because several tablets were missing. Smith's discovery caused a sensation. The Daily Telegraph even promised £1,000 to anyone who could find the missing pieces of the tale. George took advantage of this and went to Mesopotamia. And what do you think? His expedition managed to find 384 tablets, among which was the missing part of the epic that changed our understanding of the Ancient World.

All these “oddities” and “accidents” accompanying the big discovery have led to the emergence of many supporters of the conspiracy theory in the world, which says: ancient Sumer never existed, it was all the work of a brigade of swindlers!

But why did they need this? The answer is simple: in the middle of the 19th century, Europeans decided to firmly establish themselves in the Middle East and Asia Minor, where there was a clear smell of great profit. But for their presence to appear legitimate, a theory was required to justify their appearance. And then a myth appeared about the Indo-Aryans - the white-skinned ancestors of Europeans who lived here from time immemorial, before the arrival of the Semites, Arabs and other “unclean” ones. This is how the idea of ancient Sumer arose - a great civilization that existed in Mesopotamia and gave humanity the greatest discoveries.

But what then to do with clay tablets, cuneiform writing, gold jewelry and other material evidence of the reality of the Sumerians? “All this was collected from a variety of sources,” conspiracy theorists say. - No wonder the heterogeneity cultural heritage The Sumerians are explained by the fact that each of their cities was a separate state - Ur, Lagash, Nineveh."

However, serious scientists do not pay attention to these objections. Moreover, this, may ancient Sumer forgive us, is nothing more than a version that can simply be ignored.

Igor RODIONOV

There was also a Sumerian civilization on earth, covered in secrets and consisting of continuous riddles. How did this miracle arise in wild, unsuitable places for life? What is known is that the Sumerians were familiar with metallurgy and were seriously involved in mathematics. Humanity owes them the invention of the hour, minutes and seconds. They calculated that there are exactly 360 degrees in a circle. The Sumerians built buildings from baked bricks, erected aqueducts, and were familiar with astronomy. Are these not the mysteries of ancient civilizations?

The most interesting thing is that it seemed to come out of nowhere. And assume that the Sumerians belonged to another ancient tribe of our planet - the Semitic. But nothing confirms the connection between the Sumerians and the Semitic tribes who settled Mesopotamia a little later. These civilizations were very different in both language and customs.
That's all historical events, associated with the Sumerians, are very amazing and mysterious. It turns out that the Sumerians, one and a half hundred years before the heyday of their civilization, practically did not “exist” at all, but they gave humanity so much that many still wonder: did they really exist? And if they were, why did they disappear into the darkness of centuries with resigned muteness?
How they prove to us that it is with the Sumerian race that mankind acquired writing and skills in metal processing, the invention of the wheel and the potter's wheel. The Sumerians also possessed knowledge that science has only recently acquired. The Sumerians left behind a huge number of secrets and mysteries that still amaze and evoke a desire to conduct new research in an attempt to uncover the secrets of this ancient civilization.

In addition, the deciphering of Sumerian cuneiforms shocked researchers. One of them, the Sumerians used a ternary number system. This system is used in modern computer technologies.

Another thing is that the Sumerians knew the principle of the golden ratio, they used Fibonacci numbers, had deep knowledge in the field of chemistry, surgery, mathematics, astronomy, agriculture, etc. The Sumerians were the first to invent soap making, knew how to make beer, and practiced irrigation. That is, the Sumerian civilization, in terms of level, was very close to modern one.

And thirdly, the Sumerians had a very developed government structure: They had democratic governments, trial by jury, laws protecting the rights of citizens, etc. The Sumerians were no strangers to the science of beauty. Many clay tablets contained proverbs, parables, poems and even adventure stories.

Archaeological finds have shown that it was the Sumerians who were the first to sculpt and burn bricks. From them they learned to build beautiful temples and amazingly beautiful palaces.

Also found were mines where the Sumerians mined gold on an industrial scale.

Conclusion: until the middle of the 19th century, no one knew anything about the Sumerians. Those finds that were later recognized as Sumerian were initially attributed to other periods and other cultures. And try to explain how a rich, well-organized, “powerful” civilization was so deeply “underground” all this time, and how the achievements of ancient Sumer, which were so impressive that it was almost impossible to “hide” them, but were “classified” all this time "
But after the phenomenon of the Sumerian civilization became a generally accepted fact, many of the researchers recognized their right to “cultural birthright.” The greatest expert on Sumer, Professor Samuel Noah Kramer, summed up this phenomenon in one of his books, declaring that “history begins in Sumer.” The professor did not sin against the truth - he counted the number of objects the right of discovery of which belonged to the Sumerians, and found that there were at least thirty-nine of them. And most importantly, what kind of items! If one of the ancient civilizations had invented one thing, they would have gone down in history forever! And here there are as many as 39 (!), and one is more significant than the other!

Some Sumerian designs are still used and admired by people today. For example, medicine had a very high level. In Nineveh they discovered a library that had an entire medical department: about a thousand clay tablets! The most complex medical procedures were described in special reference books, which talked about hygiene rules, operations, even the removal of cataracts and the use of alcohol for disinfection during surgical operations!

Considering the antiquity when all this happened, it is very difficult to comprehend other achievements of the civilization hidden between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
And in general, the Sumerians made all their discoveries and inventions in a very short time - one hundred and fifty years! During this period of time, other civilizations were just getting on their feet, taking their first steps, but the Sumerians, like a non-stop conveyor belt, supplied the world with examples of inventive thought and brilliant discoveries. Looking at all this, many questions involuntarily arise, the first of which is: what kind of wonderful, mythical people are they who came from nowhere, gave a lot of useful things - from a wheel to a bicameral parliament - and went into the unknown, leaving behind practically nothing? traces?
A unique writing system, cuneiform, is also an invention of the Sumerians.

Judging by the list of achievements, the Sumerians were the founders of the civilization with which history began its record. And if so, then it makes sense to take a closer look at them to understand how this became possible? Where did this mysterious ethnic group get its material for inspiration? And to what race or language group did these people belong? The most reliable way to establish a family connection between certain peoples is to compare their languages. The connection can be close - then the languages are considered to belong to the same language group. In this sense, all peoples, including those that disappeared long ago, have linguistic relatives among the peoples living to this day.

But the Sumerians are the only people who have no linguistic relatives! They are unique and inimitable in this too! It is difficult to imagine how things were in the past, because we did not witness this, but in the present, completely new and unique “languages” for data transmission are born in closed offices where there are a lot of specialists in encrypting and decrypting signs, which contain the necessary information for transferring it across time and distance.

And the deciphering of their language and writing was accompanied by a number of circumstances that cannot be called anything other than suspicious.
The most important point in the long chain of circumstances that led to the discovery of ancient Sumer was that it was found not thanks to the curiosity of archaeologists, but in... the offices of scientists... . It was there that the myth of the Indo-Aryans appeared - the white-skinned ancestors of Europeans who lived in the Middle East and Asia Minor from time immemorial, before the arrival of the Semites, Arabs and others. This is how the idea of ancient Sumer arose - a great civilization that existed in Mesopotamia and gave humanity the greatest discoveries.
Namely, the most ancient civilization was “discovered” by linguists, and professional intelligence officers from the British and French intelligence services acted as decipherers of the tablets that appeared. Trying to understand the secrets of the wedge-shaped letter, they, like detectives in a detective novel, followed the trail of a hitherto unknown people.
And after that, archaeologists were involved, who, with their excavations, confirmed the version of the existence of the great Sumerian civilization.

The website prezidentnsk.ru has inexpensive wardrobes.

The Sumerians are the first human civilization to leave written records. It mysteriously arose in fertile Mesopotamia (between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers) in the 4th millennium BC. The Sumerian language is not related to any of the known ancient or modern languages. Where did these people come from? Sumerian mythology claims that he was cloned by aliens.

Sumerian civilization is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for supporters of the theory of paleocontacts - UFO visits to earth in ancient times. And this is not surprising, because when talking about this people we constantly have to use the word “for the first time.”

According to historical data, the Sumerians invented many necessary things, for example: the wheel, the potter's wheel, money (initially they looked like small silver bars), the first writing, which was later borrowed by other peoples. It was also the Sumerians who, for the first time in human history, created teaching schools, courts, law, parliament and elections. I wonder how they got to all this on their own, or maybe they got help?

Sumerian masters amaze with their achievements. They invented a brick kiln and were the first to use this material to build houses, multi-story palaces and square towers - ziggurats. When the supply of native copper was exhausted, the Sumerians mastered the processes of smelting metals from ores, ore beneficiation, and casting. They first began to obtain an alloy of copper and tin - bronze, thereby marking the beginning of a new period in the history of mankind - the Bronze Age. Moreover, they were able not only to find tin somewhere, the deposits of which do not exist in Mesopotamia, but also to extract it from the ore - the mineral cassiterite, or tin stone, which is quite difficult from a technical point of view. Finally, they calculated the optimal ratio of alloy components - 85% copper and 15% tin.

Tens of thousands of Sumerian clay tablets with cuneiform writing have been discovered in Mesopotamia, many of which have not yet been deciphered. But those that were deciphered became a sensation in scientific world. It turned out that the Sumerians knew all the planets of the solar system, and, unlike many later civilizations, such as Medieval Europe, they believed that the Earth and other planets rotated, and the Sun and stars were motionless. The most accurate astronomical tables for calculating the phases of the Moon, solar eclipses, and planetary trajectories were discovered on baked pieces of clay.

The Sumerian calendar was also extremely accurate. The sexagesimal number system adopted by this/amazing people made it possible to calculate fractions, raise to powers, and extract roots. From the Sumerian calendar we inherited the division of hours into 60 minutes and minutes into 60 seconds. The sexagesimal system is used to divide the day into 24 hours, the year into 12 months, and feet into 12 inches.

Sumerian astronomers and mathematicians introduced the basic concepts of modern spherical astronomy: the division of the celestial sphere into northern, central and southern segments, a 360° circle, zenith, horizon, ecliptic, axes of the celestial sphere, poles, equinoxes. A number of scientists suggest that the Sumerians knew precession - the phenomenon of deviation of the earth's axis under the influence of the attraction of the Moon and the Sun. The precession cycle is approximately 26 thousand years. Where did ancient people get such knowledge and why did they need it?

According to the knowledge of the Sumerians, in solar system There are 12 planets, one of which is called Nibiru or “crossing planet”. It moves along a very elongated elliptical orbit. And every 3600 years it approaches a record close distance from the Earth, thereby approaching both Mars and Jupiter, after which it disappears back into the dark depths of the universe. The Anunaki, the Sumerian gods, live on this planet. This is a highly developed civilization of centenarians, whose age by earthly standards reaches 360 thousand years. They visited Earth many times in the past and established gold mining on it, necessary to protect the collapsing atmosphere of their home planet. Once every 3600 years, at the moments of closest approach to the Earth, the Anunaki transferred the mined gold to Nibiru. Gradually, discontent grew among the miners that they had to do unskilled hard labor in the mines. Then the leaders of the expedition, the supreme gods Anu and Enlil, decided on a bold experiment to create assistants - earthly people.

The clay tablets detail how Enlil took a monkey's egg and mixed with it "that which binds memory" (on modern language- a DNA molecule) extracted from the Anunaki blood purified in a special way. A certain “soul” was added to the egg, also isolated from the Anunnaki’s body. The prepared egg was placed in the uterus of the “donor” - the goddess Ninti (“life-giver”). It is said about her that she constantly washed her hands - that is, the experiment required complete sterility.

After a long period of gestation and caesarean section a man was born. So that the human race could reproduce independently, the first woman was cloned from the body tissue of the first man. Alien geneticists shared with their charges the knowledge necessary for successful economic activity and development of new territories.

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The countless troops of the Persians Cyrus and Darius marched across this once densely populated fertile land, the Greeks gathered dust in the armies of Alexander the Great, troops of the prophet Muhammad and the Janissaries galloped Ottoman Empire, Bedouin tribes roamed for centuries, not even suspecting what was under their feet.

Forgotten Sumer

The years passed, turning into centuries and millennia. Rare Europeans saw only strange hills on the desert plain, illuminated by the merciless sun. But, apparently, the time has come to learn about a completely forgotten past. In 1869, the French archaeologist Jules Oppert found cuneiform inscriptions of the ancient kingdom, whose ruler - Sargon - called himself the king of Akkad, and proposed calling the Sumerians the people who owned Mesopotamia, the territory between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, long before the rise of Assyria and Babylon.
At that time, no one knew the word “Sumer”. The fact of its existence was long forgotten. The land of Shinar mentioned in the Bible remained unexplained. And in this land rested unknown masterpieces of the worship and admiration of ancient people and objects of their everyday life.
The fourth expedition to excavate one of the oldest cities of Sumer - Nippur - in 1889, led by Professor of the University of Pennsylvania (USA) H. Hilprecht, was successful for archaeologists. While studying the stepped ziggurat (temple tower), he found a library containing more than 20 thousand cuneiform tablets. This mass
documents became a revelation for those who studied them. It is impossible to study them all at once in such a volume. However, even the translation of some of them provided an unprecedented collection of monuments of Sumerian literature, religious writings and commercial documents.

Under the protection of higher powers

There were plenty of difficulties in the work of researchers. Cholera, malaria and dust storms. The entire area was engulfed in war. Rebellious, wild and unbridled tribes were in a state of bloody feudal civil strife: discord, their enmity with the irregular troops and the authorities of the Ottoman Empire. There were constant threats of attacks by nomads, attempts to get to the expedition's weapons, and theft. There were cases of shootings and robbery of expeditionary property.
In order to somehow protect their lives, archaeologists had to intimidate the superstitious population with their “magical power.” The launch of rockets and fireworks terribly frightened not only the women and children, who ran away screaming madly in search of shelter, but also the men. Scientists have unearthed a giant human head made of alabaster, which plunged the local population into horror and confusion. Whatever happened, but, as they say, God had mercy on archaeologists. Great successes were achieved by P. Botha and R. Koldewey, O. Layard and L. Woolley. We found ancient Nineveh - the stronghold and capital of the mighty Assyrian kings, mentioned in the Bible, and Babylon, which in the days of the greatest glory of the forgotten Sumer was an unknown village. Only under Hammurabi in the 18th century BC. e. Babylon began to thunder throughout Ancient world. It is unclear where the cuneiform tablet from the time of Sargon the Ancient came from. They found bilinguals - inscriptions in two languages, which made it possible to decipher ancient texts in a previously unknown language. By clearing away centuries-old debris and dirt, shoveling thousands of cubic meters of earth with the help of several hundred diggers, they discovered a whole layer of forgotten history.

From the darkness of centuries

Our newspaper wrote about the once sensational excavations of the city of Ur, where the biblical Abraham was born, in the spring of 2011 in the article “Sumerian Chronicles”. It was about the fabulous wealth of its forgotten kings, compared to whom the famous Tutankhamun is just a poor man. However, archaeologists also came across completely looted burials, in which the looters did not even spare the royal remains.
The ruins of the ancients, giant statues of winged bulls and lions with a human head, and wonderful bas-reliefs of deities, sphinxes and winged creatures were found. Battle scenes of siege and battle are depicted on chariots, executed with great skill and rich ornamentation.
What the ancient walls have not preserved: drawings of warriors dressed from head to toe in chain mail, with pointed helmets on their heads and shooting from bows; images of women begging for mercy and tearing out their hair in grief; figures of people with styled hair and curled beards in richly decorated clothes, decorated with embroidery and tassels that have not lost color; bricks stamped with the names of unknown kings and one with the name of the semi-mythical Naram-Sin (circa 3750 BC).
They also found terracotta figurines of bearded gods with weapons and other devices in their hands, toys in the form of horses and riders, elephants and monkeys, rams, dogs and birds. Spearheads and daggers, coins and necklaces, bracelets and earrings, rings and clasps, brass hairpins and relics made of agate, turquoise, malachite and lapis lazuli, dishes and cups with ancient legends written on them, often covered with images of terrible demons, and much more were discovered other.

Unique information

Found and deciphered Sumerian texts made it possible to look into antediluvian history and learn about the emergence of homo sapiens, the arrival of aliens (nephilim) from the planet Nibiru and their life on Earth. The documents we read talk about how they passed on knowledge to people, taught them crafts and created ancient civilizations. There are references to two visits to Earth by Anu, the ruler of Nibiru, a dynasty of antediluvian rulers and the first king of all Sumer after Mesannepadd.
The Sumerians' high level of knowledge is striking, especially in astronomy, mathematics and metallurgy. They had 23 types of copper alone. With the collapse of civilization, much knowledge was lost, but the legacy of the Sumerians is still present in our lives. We know the 12 signs of the zodiac and the 12 months of the year, use a clock with 60 seconds and minutes and divide the circle into 360 degrees.
The Sumerian texts provided insight into many unexplained passages in the biblical stories and the actions of its characters. Later, Zecharia Sitchin wrote a history of lost kingdoms and civilizations, and Alan Alford compiled a chronology of gods and men. A temple was excavated in Nippur, the religious center of Sumer, and it became clear that the cult of the god Bel played an important role in the life of the people in the past, as evidenced by the huge ruins and a lot of cuneiform literature.
The temple library indicated the existence of a huge class of priests and clergy.

Helped... Sumerian priest

True, one day information came to scientists in a mysterious way. At the end of the expedition, Hilprecht finished a book about the excavations and their scientific results and had to give it to the publisher the next day. In it, he mentioned two fragments of agate found during the work. The archaeologist could not read the ancient Sumerian inscriptions on them. He sat in his office until late at night, trying to decipher the text and give the book a finished look.
Having dozed off (if it was a dream, and not something else in an altered state of consciousness), the scientist saw next to him a man in Sumerian priestly attire. The surprised archaeologist stood up, but not from his chair, but from the stone step on which for some reason he found himself. He was not even surprised that the priest told him in English: “Follow me! I will help you". They walked down the street past several massive buildings and entered the dimly lit hall of the next one, which seemed even larger. "Where are we?" – asked Hilprecht. “In Nippur, between the Tigris and Euphrates. We are in the temple of Bel, the father of the gods,” answered the priest.
During the excavations, archaeologists were unable to find the treasury - a room that must be at the temple, and the scientist asked his guide about it. He led him to a small room in the far corner of the temple. There in a wooden chest lay several pieces of agate, among which Hilprecht recognized two fragments that he could not decipher.
The priest explained that these were parts of a cylinder donated to the temple by Kurigalzu, the ruler of the Kassites. They wanted to use it to make ear decorations for a statue of a god. When sawing, one piece split. The inscriptions on the fragments, which the scientist could not read, were parts of the same text. At the request of the archaeologist, the priest read this inscription to him.
Having woken up (or woken up), Hilprecht wrote down everything that the priest told him. The decipherment of the inscription, dating back to the very distant past, was considered flawless by other scientists. The location of the treasury in the temple indicated by the Sumerian priest, which was soon found by archaeologists, also turned out to be accurate. And thousands of unread cuneiform tablets are still waiting for their researchers, and no one knows what information they will bring to humanity.

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Scientists have solved the mysteries of the Sumerians. Mysteries of Sumerian civilization Helped... Sumerian priest

Sumerian civilization is an inexhaustible source of inspiration for supporters of the theory of paleocontacts - UFO visits to earth in ancient times. And this is not surprising, because when talking about this people we constantly have to use the word “for the first time.”