Emergency urology: what is it? Male diseases in urology: treatment and symptoms Good urology center
- 2781 review
- 302 clinics where the service is provided Urology clinics in Moscow
- 3.4 – average rating, calculated based on patient reviews and recommendations
| Service | price, rub. |
|---|---|
| Electrocoagulation(1 formation) | 750 |
| Prostate secretion | 950 |
| Taking a smear from the urethra | 200 |
| Treatment of pathologies of the urinary system | 7150 |
| Prostate secretion | 1100 |
| Breeding synechia 2 cat. difficulties | 5000 |
| Program: Men's health | 7750 |
| Renefrostomy (replacement of nephrostomy drainage) | 2230 |
| Scraping from the urethral mucosa for PCR (DNA diagnosis of STDs) | 650 |
| Denervation of the glans penis | 44550 |
Urological center- a specialized medical institution that provides qualified services for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the urinary system, adrenal glands and male reproductive system.
When to contact the urology center
The Urology Clinic receives patients with complaints of persistent pain in the genitourinary organs, urinary disorders, pathological discharge from urethra, the presence of pus or blood in the urine.
The urology clinic provides assistance in the treatment of the following pathologies:
- abnormalities of the urinary organs;
- hydronephrosis;
- bed-wetting;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystitis, urethritis;
- nonspecific prostatitis;
- urolithiasis disease;
- Availability foreign bodies and damage to the genitourinary organs;
- tumors and cysts of the genitourinary organs;
- renal failure;
- impotence, etc.
How to sign up for a urology clinic on the website portal
Today, if necessary, everyone can seek help from the urology center. Moscow has modern medical centers of this profile, where treatment is carried out using advanced techniques.
To do this, on the main page of the site you need to open the “clinics” tab. Then, in the panel that appears, indicate your specialization - “urologist”, enter the area of the capital of interest or the nearest metro station. After this, a list will open, and all that remains is to select the urological center that is most suitable in terms of location, cost of services and work schedule. To make an appointment at the chosen clinic, just leave your phone number in the online application or contact the call center website.
Laparoscopic kidney resection is a minimally invasive technique for removing the damaged part of the kidney with a tumor, which is performed when there is a threat of cancer. LRP is performed in the same way as nephrectomy, the only difference is that the organ is only partially removed and only after the urologist is able to determine the location and size of the tumor suspected of being malignant.
Kidney abscess
A kidney abscess is an infectious inflammation of the kidney tissue, which can be caused due to complications of pyelonephritis - melting of tissue and the formation of a cavity with accumulations of pus. The infection enters the kidney along with bacteria through the blood outflow and spreads into the kidney tissue. The disease may be caused by a urinary tract infection.
What is aspermia and the causes of its occurrence
Aspermia is a pathology characterized by the complete absence of sperm production during sex. This disease of the male reproductive system can lead to infertility.
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR)
Transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical method for partial or complete removal of the prostate when it is pathologically enlarged. The operation is performed under local or general anesthesia and lasts on average 60 minutes. During a TUR, the doctor inserts a special optical device (endoscope or cystoscope) into the urethra, through which a sharp surgical instrument is inserted to remove the prostate gland.
Intravenous urography method
Intravenous urography is an x-ray diagnosis of the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, urethra and bladder. It is difficult to examine the urinary tract with conventional x-rays. Intravenous urography allows you to realistically assess the condition of the kidneys and ureters, as well as diagnose various pathologies of the urinary system. A special contrast agent is injected into a vein, which, when it enters the bloodstream, accumulates in the kidneys and is then excreted naturally.
Cavernitis: symptoms and treatment methods
Cavernitis is an inflammation of the corpora cavernosa in the male genital organ. The anatomical structure of the penis consists of a pair of cavernous bodies with an elastic membrane of connective tissue and a spongy body with a urethra inside. This pathology is quite rare compared to more common diseases, such as inflammation of the prostate gland or urethra.
Parapelvic cysts of the kidneys
A parapelvic cyst is a benign pathology in the form of a tumor with clear liquid inside. Such cystic neoplasms are quite rare and, according to statistics, occur only in 1-1.5% of patients.
The list of medical organizations was compiled based on an analysis of reviews of patients treated for urology. All clinics presented on the list have more positive reviews than negative ones.
State clinics
Russian Children's Clinical Hospital
The Russian Children's Clinical Hospital (RCCH) of Moscow is the country's largest children's multidisciplinary hospital complex.
The Department of Urology is one of the largest clinical units of the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital (60 beds). Patients are accommodated in 1-, 2- and 4-bed wards. Children of early age groups are hospitalized together with their parents.
The diagnostic facilities of the department meet modern requirements of pediatric urology. Are used modern methods diagnostics: ultrasonography, excretory urography, cystourethrography, urethrocystoscopy, radioisotope study, urodynamic studies, computed tomography, angiography, laparoscopy, electromyography.
Most children are sent from regional medical institutions to clarify the diagnosis, perform surgical treatment or correct various urological complications. About 1,500 patients are treated annually, most of whom undergo surgical interventions. Patients operated on in the urology department of the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital are under observation until they reach the age of 17 or are declared cured.
The concept of the department is that patients with any pathology of the genitourinary system, from phimosis to cloacal anomaly, receive qualified care.
Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9
GBUZ "DGKB No. 9 named after. G.N. Speransky Health Department" is a modern multidisciplinary medical institution.
The Center for Urology, Andrology and Pathology of the Pelvic Organs within the hospital has been operating since 1992 and provides care to children from 0 to 18 years old with diseases of the urinary system, genitourinary pathology, including urinary disorders.
Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 13
The Filatov Children's Hospital is equipped with the latest medical equipment, which makes it possible to provide care to children with various diseases at the highest level.
The Department of Urology is one of the high-tech departments of the hospital. Every year, more than 3,500 children with developmental defects and diseases of the urinary system, genital organs, groin area and abdominal wall of any age from 0 to 18 years receive qualified care in the urology department. Every year, more than 3,500 operations and over 800 endoscopic procedures are performed on children from Moscow, Russian cities and other countries. Academicians, professors, associate professors and assistants of the department take part in the medical work of the department. Doctors have a variety of highly informative diagnostic methods at their disposal, including endoscopic, functional, ultrasound, radioisotope, and radiation (radiography, computed tomography, angiography). The latest endoscopic and microsurgical equipment is used to treat children. The staff of the department has accumulated extensive experience in the treatment of malformations and diseases of the urinary system, using modern surgical and non-surgical methods.
City Clinical Hospital No. 52
Hospital 52 is the largest hospital in Moscow.
The urological department of City Clinical Hospital No. 52 is rightfully considered one of the leading urological departments in Moscow. The department has 50 beds. Every month, the department examines and treats about 350 patients admitted both on a planned and emergency basis.
The department is general urology, i.e. Help is provided to patients with any pathology of the genitourinary system, including the full range of high-tech operations.
Particular attention is paid to the introduction and use of minimally invasive, low-traumatic interventions based on the latest technologies, which reduces to a minimum pain syndrome, allows you to shorten the length of a patient’s stay in the hospital, reduces recovery time after operations and, as a result, reduces the overall period of disability.
The urology department is equipped with the most modern equipment. All types of surgical treatment are widely used, including open operations and minimally invasive types of interventions: endoscopic, percutaneous and laparoscopic surgical procedures.
The department has its own X-ray operating room, where surgical interventions are performed under ultrasound and X-ray television control (percutaneous puncture nephrostomy, ureterolithoextraction, ureterolithotripsy, nephrolitholapaxy, etc.).
Transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate gland, bladder, and internal urethrotomy are also performed there.
Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology
Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology named after. ON THE. Lopatkina branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Radiology" of the Ministry of Health of Russia is the main center in Russia for the development and application in medicine of high-tech methods of diagnosis and treatment of patients with urological and oncological diseases.
The Research Institute of Urology is a leading institution in the field of urology, which has trained more than one generation of first-class specialists not only for Russia, but also for the CIS countries. A unique school of domestic urology was created here.
The Research Institute of Urology employs highly qualified specialists: 17 doctors of medical sciences, 48 candidates of medical sciences, 100 scientists and 120 doctors. The latest diagnostic and treatment technologies are used, there are 8 clinical departments with a bed capacity of 150 beds, 8 laboratories, 17 scientific departments. The institution's specialists perform 360 types of operations. 12,000 consultations are carried out per year. The number of operations performed at the Urology Research Institute exceeds 3,500 per year.
Diagnosis and treatment of complex pathologies is carried out using radiation technologies in the field of urology, nephrology, and oncology.
City Clinical Hospital named after. Botkin
Every year, approximately ninety thousand patients receive medical care at the hospital, of which more than fifty percent are admitted for emergencies.
Urology department No. 41. Urology department No. 41 is a general urology department; patients with any urological diseases are accepted for treatment. The All-Russian Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis operates on the basis of the department.
Every year, the department provides inpatient treatment to more than 2 thousand patients, who undergo an average of 800 operations, of which about 100 are laparoscopic.
Patients in the department are accommodated in single, double and four-bed wards with individual toilets and showers. The wards are equipped with oxygen, a communication system with nursing staff, and postoperative wards, in addition, are equipped with a system for continuous monitoring of vital functions with information displayed on the computer display of the resuscitator on duty.
Diseases of the urinary organs in men are considered in a separate medical section - urology. She studies the types of diseases of the urinary system, methods of recognition, their symptoms, prevention and treatment. Urology has an additional branch - nephrology, covering only kidney diseases. Essentially, urology is a surgical discipline that mainly studies surgical methods for treating urological diseases, which is what makes urology fundamentally different from nephrology.
Urology: general concepts
Relatively recently, the section of urology also included diseases of the male genital organs, but over time these diseases began to be studied a separate medical section - andrology. Despite the fact that urology is often closely related to andrology, these two medical branches are increasingly separated. Today, male urology is divided into narrower specialties: geriatric urology, pediatric urology, phthisiurology, oncourology.
Urological diseases can significantly complicate a man’s life, undermine self-confidence and self-esteem, reduce self-confidence and the ability to socially adapt, and worsen his well-being. Urological diseases in 2/3 of cases are asymptomatic in men, therefore they tend to unnoticed regression and transition to the chronic stage. In addition, often men, even knowing about their disease, do not go for examination and do not begin treatment.
The reason for this may be ordinary fear or shame, the habit of letting everything take its course, and simple laziness. Delays in visiting a specialist and treating urological diseases in men are often leads to serious consequences Therefore, we must not forget that starting treatment and examination in the early stages will make it possible to avoid many problems and cure the disease.
Types of urological diseases in men
Among men aged 20-40 years, these types of urological diseases are the most common.
Venereal diseases:
Inflammatory diseases:
- Balanoposthitis is an inflammation of the head of the penis and foreskin.
- Urolithiasis disease.
- Urethritis is inflammation of the urethral tract.
- Orchiepididymitis is inflammation of the testicle and epididymal tissue.
- Prostatitis is inflammation in the tissues of the prostate gland.
- Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidneys.
- Cystitis is inflammation in the bladder.
Intimate diseases:
- Infertility.
- Impotence.
Signs of urological diseases
In most cases, urological diseases in men pass without any symptoms and often go undetected. But there are still common symptoms that are common to many urological diseases with a pronounced clinical picture:
- Itching, burning, pain.
- Redness, discharge, rash on the genitals.
- Pain during or after sexual intercourse.
- Urinary disorders.
- Enlarged lymph nodes.
- Weakness and fatigue.
Diseases of the genitourinary organs in men do not always have pronounced symptoms and can be characterized by both urinary disorders and pain.
If you have an active sex life and you have identified any of the listed symptoms, then immediately undergo a urological examination and examination by a venereologist– timely treatment can help maintain your health.
Balanoposthitis
It can occur in a chronic or acute stage. The acute form of the male disease is characterized by such signs as purulent discharge, erosive rashes on the foreskin and glans penis, redness, pain, swelling, and sometimes white growths. Acute balanoposthitis is characterized by an increase in temperature, weakness in the legs and throughout the body, in some cases leading to fainting. During the chronic course of the disease, the signs are significantly smoothed out, the skin on the foreskin and head of the penis is wrinkled.
Urethritis
The main signs of this male disease are discomfort, discharge from the urethral canal, pain during urination, burning. The cause of urethritis, as a rule, is the entry of a pathogenic virus into the genitourinary canals or their injury during the passage of urinary stones.
Orchiepididymitis
The acute form of the disease is characterized by symptoms such as severe pain in the scrotum, redness, increased temperature, hardening and enlargement of the epididymis and testicle. After about 5 days, the process becomes chronic, and the symptoms of the disease are smoothed out, but the epididymis and testicle remain enlarged and dense.
BPH
In men, prostate adenoma manifests itself in the form of the following main symptoms: frequent, intermittent and difficulty urinating in the form of drops or a weak stream, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. Prostatitis is characterized by symptoms such as pain in the lumbar and groin area, urination disorder, decreased ability to erect and sexual desire, pain during ejaculation, and increased temperature.
Pyelonephritis
It often develops as a complication of prostatitis adenoma, inflammation of the urethra, urolithiasis or prostate in older men. The acute course of the disease is characterized by the following symptoms: headache, a sharp increase in temperature to 39 degrees, dull pain in the lower back, vomiting and nausea, weakness.
Cystitis
This male disease is characterized by painful and frequent urination, a constant urge to urinate, pain, burning, stinging, and mucus or blood appearing in the urine. Moreover, weakness and increased temperature may be noted. In the chronic stage, the symptoms are smoothed out; only mucus may be present in the urine.
Impotence
Impotence in men is mainly characterized by erectile dysfunction: in this case, the erection is completely absent or weak, and sometimes disappears directly during sexual intercourse, ejaculation occurs quite quickly, and it is not always possible to complete the act.
Urolithiasis disease
This disease is characterized by acute, aching and dull pain in the lumbar region, difficulty and frequent urination, and the release of blood in the urine. During the passage of stones, attacks of renal colic occur with sharp, cramping pains that can involve the lower abdomen, side and lumbar region, and also “give” to the testicle, perineum or thigh.
Diagnosis methods
In order to timely determine and accurately identify the source and nature of the disease, it is necessary consult an experienced doctor, he will examine the patient and conduct a comprehensive examination, laboratory and other required studies.
An initial examination of the patient is necessary to determine subsequent medical procedures and make a priority diagnosis. Examination of the genitals makes it possible to determine the presence of inflammatory processes, as well as infectious diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. In addition, an examination by a urologist to exclude a tumor process includes mandatory palpation of the prostate through the rectum.
To establish an accurate diagnosis, the doctor takes a smear from the patient’s urethra for analysis. A smear is required for laboratory testing for the presence of pathogenic microflora, determining its degree and nature of pathogenicity. A urogenital smear makes it possible to determine the presence of a hidden infection and inflammatory process in the genitourinary organs of a man. Moreover, a smear from the urethra makes it possible to identify the type of bacteria that has settled in it, due to which the urologist prescribes treatment with those medical agents that are effective against this virus.
A smear is taken to clarify the diagnosis during symptoms of inflammation of the bladder, prostate and urethra. Moreover, a smear can show the presence of infections such as chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, thrush, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, etc. A urogenital smear taken makes it possible to diagnose a specific urological disease more accurately.
Treatment of any urological disease in a man must be comprehensive and begin with treatment of the cause that caused it.
During urethritis, treatment involves:
The doctor selects the method of treatment individually only after identifying an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment of balanoposthitis involves:
- Treatment of the infected area with antiseptic ointments (chlorhexidine, miramistin, xeroform, syntomycin).
- Laser surgical interventions.
- Rinsing the glans penis and foreskin with a solution of hydrogen peroxide or furatsilin.
- In difficult cases, surgical intervention is resorted to. When a patient has a narrowed foreskin, surgery is required to cut it. Then, when the symptoms of inflammation subside, surgery begins to completely remove the foreskin. The essence of this operation is to widen the external opening of the urethra.
- Taking antifungal, antiviral or antibiotic drugs.
Treatment of prostate adenoma involves the following activities:
Treatment of urolithiasis, pyelonephritis and cystitis is carried out comprehensively using symptomatic therapy and antibacterial agents. For urinary incontinence, an additional remedy such as urological pads, protecting clothing from absorbing involuntary urine. Urological inserts are designed specifically to facilitate the socialization of patients who suffer from this disease.
Treatment of any urological diseases in men must be combined with an indispensable transition to a balanced, healthy and proper nutrition, regulating sexual activity, lifestyle, careful personal hygiene and establishing a daily routine.
Male diseases in urology
Urology is a field of clinical medicine that studies the pathogenesis, etiology, diagnosis of diseases of the male reproductive system, organs of the urinary system, diseases of the adrenal glands and other pathological processes in the abdominal space, as well as their methods of prevention and treatment.
Urology– branch of surgery (surgical discipline). Unlike nephrology, it most often deals with surgical methods of treating diseases of all systems and organs that were listed above.
A urologist should provide assistance for diseases such as: different types diseases of the prostate gland (adenoma, prostatitis), female and male infertility, deterioration of male potency, diseases of the adrenal glands, kidneys, and urinary system (pyelonephritis, urethritis, cystitis, urolithiasis, etc.).
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Urology has modern technologies and equipment for making accurate and timely diagnoses, including:
Radiofrequency thermal therapy is a method of treating prostate adenoma and prostatitis, based on non-surgical technology. The treatment complex is based on the impact of directed radio waves of a specific frequency on problem areas of the prostate gland (while healthy tissue remains untouched). For the patient, this procedure is absolutely painless.
Echourethrography – UV examination of the bladder and urethra – is a mandatory examination before treatment of these organs.
History of urology
Even in the period of Hippocrates (VI-V centuries BC) there were “stone cutters” - specialists who knew how to remove stones from the bladder using perineal access. Avicenna in the “Canon of Medical Science” described in detail the technique of removing stones from the bladder, and he also created the technique of catheterization of the bladder.
Some historians are considered the founder of urology, Francisco Diaz, who published a monograph in 1588 on the causes, diagnosis, clinical picture, treatment of urological diseases, description of urological instruments, and techniques of urological operations.
The outstanding “stonecutter” in Russia was I.P. Venediktov (XVIII century). Throughout his life, he managed to perform more than 3 thousand stone sections (postoperative mortality was about 4%). The first monograph on urology was the dissertation “On diseases of the bladder,” written by Kh.I. Ceberus in 1771.
The world's first urological department opened in 1830 in Paris, the head of which was Jean Civial (he was the first to propose cystolithotripsy). The first urological department in Russian Empire was opened in Odessa by T.I. Vdovikovsky.
In 1823, the first epicystolithotomy in Russia was performed; in 1830 - the first cystolitropy, which was performed according to the method of Jean Civial A.I. Paul. The development of urology is closely related to the names of A.M. Shumlyansky, I.V. Buyalsky, F.I. Inozemtseva, N.I. Pirogov.
In 1877, Maximilian Nitze first proposed a model of a cystoscope, and he, while improving his invention, developed different versions of the cystoscope (irrigation, viewing, operating, evacuation). In 1893, he performed the first cystoscopic photograph, and a year later he published the first cystophotographic atlas. Cuban Jochim Albarran improved the cystoscope in 1897 with a special device that made the procedure for catheterization of the ureters possible.
In 1895, after the discovery of X-ray radiation by Wilhelm Roentgen, radiology emerged, which later became a branch of radiology. In 1927, for the first time in urological diagnostics, radiology was used, when a contrast agent was injected into the patient’s bladder and renal pelvis through a catheter, after which it was possible to obtain the first pyelogram demonstrating the organs of the urinary system.
In 1907, the International Association of Urologists was opened in Paris, and in 1908 the first international congress of urologists was held there.
In 1904, on the initiative of S.P. Fedorov in Russia, urology is distinguished as a separate science; in 1923, a decree was issued on the opening of urology departments in medical universities countries. In Russia, in 1923, the journal “Urology” began to be published. In 1924, on the basis of the First City Clinical Hospital named after. N.I. Pirogov Professor N.F. Lezhnev opened a urology clinic, built on the basis of the city department.
The First All-Russian Congress of Urologists took place in Moscow in 1926. In the USSR, excretory urography began to be used in 1929, hemodialysis since 1956, transfemoral renal aniography two years later, and kidney transplantation since 1965.
Sections of urology
Urology will be divided into small branches of medicine with a narrower focus.
- Urogynecology.
Urogynecology is the science of the relationship between gynecological and urological diseases. There are many diseases that fit both into the field of gynecology and urology (for example, vaginal dysbiosis, urethritis in women, cystitis).
- Andrology.
Andrology specializes in the treatment and study of male genital organs, as well as problems of development of male genital organs. These can be either congenital problems (for example, phimosis), or inflammatory processes (cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis) and tumors.
- Pediatric urology.
Pediatric urology specializes in the treatment of diseases and malformations of the genitourinary system in children.
- Geriatric urology.
This branch of urology deals with the treatment of problems of the genitourinary system in elderly patients. Throughout the body, changes occur with age that negatively affect the functioning of many functions, including protective ones. This becomes the cause of infectious urological diseases (for example, urethritis). Older women often suffer from urinary incontinence caused by constant physical activity or low muscle tone (after childbirth).
The peculiarity of geriatric urology is that surgical intervention is much more dangerous in terms of consequences.
- Oncourology.
Oncourology is a field of medicine that studies malignant neoplasms in the organs of the genitourinary system, their pathogenesis and causes, and also deals with methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Urology oncologists treat cancer of the lungs, bladder, kidneys, tumors of the penis and testicles; Such diseases account for a significant portion of urological diseases. The main method of treatment is surgery, but radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy are often used.
- Phthisiourology.
Phthisiourology is a branch of urology that is devoted to the treatment of tuberculosis of the genitourinary organs (urinary tract, kidneys, genital organs).
- Emergency urology.
Specializes in providing timely, emergency medical care during the manifestation of such syndromes as severe hematuria, renal colic, acute urinary retention, and anuria.
Symptoms of urological diseases
It is worth noting that the organs of the urinary system are characterized by specific symptoms. Many diseases have characteristic symptoms, and therefore the diagnosis can be made based on the anamnesis data. But you should still familiarize yourself with some specific symptoms.
Anuria– lack of urination, as well as the urge to do so. There are reflex, secretory and excretory anuria (depending on the symptom). Secretory manifests itself with degenerative changes in the renal parenchyma. It is caused by mechanical obstacles to the outflow of urine, for example, a tumor or stones in urolithiasis. Reflex anuria occurs as a reaction to pain.
In addition, anuria is divided into 3 forms:
Prerenal, prerenal occurs due to circulatory disorders in the kidneys. At the very beginning, the patient shows signs of oliguria: swelling appears, fluid is retained in the tissues.
Renal, renal anuria develops during kidney diseases that appear suddenly; is the result of primary damage to the tubular and glomerular apparatus of the kidney. Usually occurs with pyelonephritis, chronic nephritis, kidney tuberculosis, as well as after severe operations, burns, transfusion of incompatible blood, etc.
Postrenal, postrenal anuria occurs when the outflow of urine is obstructed: usually with urolithiasis in humans.
Clinical anuria is manifested by disruption of the nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular systems And gastrointestinal tract. The patient may exhibit the following symptoms: headache, fever, drowsiness, muscle twitching, mental disturbances, lethargy, vomiting, nausea, convulsions.
Leukocyturia– an increase in the number of leukocytes in the urine – most often indicates inflammation in the renal pelvis, bladder or interstitial tissue of the kidneys. It acts as a symptom of diseases such as prostatitis, interstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis and urolithiasis. Minor leukocyturia is often observed in the first days of acute glomerulonephritis in the case of renal amyloidosis.
Cylindruria- appearance of casts in the urine. Since the casts are exclusively of renal origin, their formation in the urine indicates damage to the nephrons. But a small number of casts can be observed in the urine of an absolutely healthy person, this is especially noticeable after active and regular exercise. physical activity on the body. Hyaline casts, as a rule, accompany all kidney diseases that are associated with the release of protein with proteinuria (urine). Granular casts are formed from degenerated tubular epithelial cells. Waxy cylinders form in the lumen of the tubules (due to the death of the tubular epithelium). As for erythrocyte casts, they accompany diseases of the urinary organs with severe hematuria, leukocyte casts - with pyuria.
Most diseases of the urinary system can be accompanied by renal colic, namely acute pain in the lumbar region. Usually they indicate nephroptosis, hydronephrosis, and kidney stones. Renal colic is manifested by sharp stabbing pain in the lower back, which radiates to the thigh, groin, and genitals. Often the pain is felt more intensely in the genital area and abdomen than in the kidneys. It is difficult, but frequent urination. An attack of renal colic can be provoked by physical activity (running, walking, etc.). Prolonged renal colic is accompanied by nausea, increased blood pressure, dizziness, and vomiting.
Edema syndrome occurs in many kidney diseases: renal amyloidosis, glomerulonephritis, nephropathy of pregnancy. They are the most striking clinical manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. Moreover, the localization can be different: they can be on the torso, face, limbs. The rate of their formation can vary from several hours to several days. The swelling itself may be soft or firm to the touch, or may be completely absent. Even before their formation, the patient’s weight increases due to fluid retention in the body and a decrease in urine output; vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain may begin.
Proteinuria – increased level protein content in urine. In urological diseases, this is one of the most common symptoms. It occurs due to increased permeability of glomerular capillaries to blood plasma proteins. Proteinuria can be extrarenal (false) or renal (true). In the case of the latter, the protein content in the urine increases due to damage to the endothelium of the renal glomeruli (nephrosis, glomerulonephritis, stenosis, nephrosclerosis, amyloidosis of the kidneys). In addition, the true types of proteinuria are transient proteinuria (often manifested as a result of anemia, injuries, burns and diseases of the digestive organs systems), physiological proteinuria (in newborns in the first weeks of life), orthostatic proteinuria (in adolescents and children with asthenia in combination with active growth aged 7-18 years).
Extrarenal proteinuria is caused by the breakdown of urine elements (urothelial cells, erythrocytes, leukocytes), which leads to protein entering the urine that has already passed the renal filter. This is why false proteinuria occurs in diseases characterized by erythrocyturia or hematuria. Transient proteinuria often occurs: centrogenic - after a concussion or an epileptic attack, alimentary - after eating a rich protein diet; palpation - after prolonged vigorous palpation of the abdomen in the area of the kidneys; emotional - as a result of a nervous breakdown.
Renal hypertension is the cause and effect of certain kidney diseases. For this reason, it is sometimes very difficult to determine what comes first. Hypertension is divided into 3 main groups:
renoparenchymal or parenchymal hypertension occurs as a result of bilateral or unilateral damage to the renal parenchyma (with pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, renal amyloidosis, nephropathy of pregnancy, etc.);
renovascular or vasorenal hypertension - damage to the renal vessels of various origins (compression due to external influences, narrowing due to atherosclerosis, congenital narrowing, etc.);
mixed hypertension occurs when renal tissue is damaged and as a result of vascular obstruction (renal cysts, tumors, nephroptosis).
Uremia is self-poisoning of the body caused by insufficient functioning of the kidneys as a result of the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (creatinines, uric acid, urea) in the body and a violation of neurohormonal regulation.
There are 2 forms of uremia: chronic and acute. The latter manifests itself most often in acute renal failure, which is caused by circulatory disorders. Surgical uremia develops with kidney tumors, urolithiasis, and nephritis.
Nowadays, the following diagnostic methods are used in urology:
physical methods - x-ray, ultrasound;
endoscopic methods (pyeloscopy, nephroscopy, cystoscopy, urethroscopy, etc.), which, using special devices, allow you to examine the urethra, the internal walls of the pelvis, and the internal surfaces of the ureter;
instrumental methods - examination of the bladder using a catheter, puncture biopsy (extraction of tissue for examination), bougienage of the urethra and others;
urofluometry is a method that is carried out using a special device that measures the volumetric flow rate of urine;
cystomanometry (analysis of the pressure inside the bladder as you urinate or fill it).
On our portal Doctoroff.ru you will find information on a wide variety of urological diseases, their symptoms and effective ways treatment. But the material is presented for informational purposes only; diagnosis and treatment should be carried out by a specialist.