Do-it-yourself natural ventilation in a private house. Do-it-yourself kitchen hood in a private house: description, diagram, photo and video. Forced ventilation in a private house

Ventilation installation is an important procedure when building a house. The circulation of fresh air in the premises of the house is necessary to prevent the appearance of dampness and mold, which not only harm the structure itself, but also have a detrimental effect on human health.

Types of ventilation in a private house

There are three options for air circulation in the premises of the house:

Natural type of ventilation. Air moves from the house to the street. Special channels through which air is directed help circulate air masses due to pressure.
Forced type of ventilation or supply and exhaust system. It is an auxiliary air exhaust system. Produced using a special design for air exchange.
Mixed type of ventilation. Natural ventilation is used in conjunction with forced ventilation.

Each type of ventilation has both pros and cons. For example, if the area of residence is quite environmentally friendly, then installing a forced system is not necessary; residents of the house already have access to clean air. The filters built into the system will only prevent the aromas of nature from entering the house.

But if the home is located in an area where the environment leaves much to be desired, then air filtration must be present in the room. But installing ventilation requires careful planning and calculation.

How to make ventilation with your own hands

The most ideal option is to consider the issue of ventilation when planning the construction of a house. Supply ventilation must be thought out to the smallest detail.

It is necessary to take into account the basic input data of the object:

Location of the house;
Materials from which the house is built;
Environment.

Only taking into account all of the above can you make a choice in favor of one option or another.

The natural method of ventilation is suitable for the following location features:

Clean air in the building area;
The house is built of brick, wood, adobe, foam concrete, ceramic or expanded clay blocks.

If the natural ventilation option is not able to ensure normal air circulation, then a mixed type would be a good option. It is also possible to install ventilation in a specific room: kitchen, bathroom, etc.

Basement ventilation helps to ventilate the room and prevent the formation of mold.

Forced type ventilation system

A forced exhaust system is installed in cases where:

The house is located in an area whose air must be free of pollution;
During construction, 3D panels, sandwich and vacuum panels were used, frame type of house.

Under such circumstances, a forced filtration system is simply necessary to provide comfort to residents and extend the life of the building.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in a private house

To properly install ventilation in your home, you need to have some knowledge on this topic.

If the house does not have a natural exhaust hood, or it is not sufficient for a comfortable life for the residents, then an additional ventilation system is necessary.

Condensation on the walls, mold fungi and other negative factors often appear in bathrooms and bathrooms. Installing a wall fan will help eliminate these disadvantages.

Of course, installing this equipment is impossible without material costs, and the noise from the operation of the ventilation unit can bring discomfort to residents.

The fan can be powered by electricity or in conjunction with a lighting system.

Note!

Various types of installation of these systems can be seen in the photo of do-it-yourself ventilation.

The ventilation system must be of high quality so that the supply of fresh air through the ventilation pipes circulates in sufficient quantity for the comfortable existence of residents.

To properly install a ventilation system at home, study all the installation nuances and familiarize yourself with the basic rules and conditions for proper operation of the equipment. Carry out the installation in accordance with the diagram you calculated.

Photo of ventilation of a private house with your own hands

Note!

An influx of fresh air is needed to ensure healthy living conditions, good maintenance of plants and high-quality functioning of technical systems. At the same time, it is necessary to remove various harmful impurities. Do-it-yourself productivity in a private home will help you solve these problems in a complex. Diagram, calculations, installation methods - all this is in today's review.

A good ventilation system is an essential element of the engineering equipment of a modern private home.

Read in the article

Installation of a ventilation system in a private house: general parameters and requirements

Modern buildings are created with improved airtightness and. This improves economic performance during operation, but blocks the access of fresh air. This example explains the need for an integrated approach when considering the functionality of engineering systems.

The following features should also be noted to correctly formulate the requirements for a good ventilation design for a private home:

The composition of the indoor atmosphere can be affected by the condition of the air outside and the presence of sources of harmful and unpleasant impurities in the property itself.
Ventilation control methods are essential.
It is possible that contaminants from household chemicals, finishing and building materials may enter the air.
To calculate the ventilation device in a private house, you can use the method of taking into account maximum permissible concentrations of impurities, or indicators of normal air exchange.
We must not forget about the different needs in and on, in the training room and.
, and other equipment actively consume oxygen.
It is necessary to take into account the individual physiological characteristics and preferences of users. Particular attention should be paid in the presence of allergic reactions.

It should be emphasized that current domestic and foreign regulations, industry and sanitary and hygienic standards contain contradictory data. The above information explains the actual complexity of the task. Too many factors influence indoor air parameters. In addition to objective indicators, individual preferences will have to be taken into account.

For your information! For residential premises, the total exchange rate is calculated using the proportion of 30 cubic meters. m. per hour per person. Below are adjustment data for different rooms and special operating conditions.

That is why, when performing calculations for installing ventilation in a private home, experienced specialists make a sufficient margin for performance. It helps make the necessary corrections during peak loads.

Types of ventilation systems

The supply of fresh air to the premises is constantly organized. Only the intensity of the corresponding operations changes. This means that the most convenient and economical system is one that performs its functions without close monitoring and power consumption. On the other hand, the use of forced mechanisms simplifies the ventilation of rooms.

Advantages and disadvantages of natural ventilation in a private house

This simplified diagram of natural ventilation in a private house shows the main parts of the engineering structure. Here there are holes in the walls through which air from the street comes in. Paths have been created for the free movement of flows between rooms.

To ensure air exchange according to the above standard (30 cubic meters per person per hour), it is enough to install a supply and outlet pipe with a diameter of 150 mm or more. The height of the vertical part is made from 300 cm or more. This typical example can be used for calculations taking into account the architectural features of the property.

Important Notes:

The same length of vertical pipes will allow equalization.
The efficiency of the system is reduced by: branches, horizontal sections, changes in cross-section.
For ease of construction, ducts from rooms on different floors are combined into a single ventilation shaft, or mounted side by side.

Filter elements are installed in some input channels to retain dust and other mechanical impurities. Such parts can significantly reduce system performance.

For your information! The height of ventilation pipes is not regulated by SNiP. However, in practice, chimney standards can be applied. If you follow the above rules, obstacles to the free movement of air in the desired direction will be minimized with different wind directions and strengths.

Why do you need a forced ventilation system in a private house?

In the systems discussed above, air moves due to different atmospheric pressure at different altitudes, when heated, under the influence of gusts of wind. The main advantage of these techniques is energy independence. However, they are all overly susceptible to all sorts of external factors. The task becomes more difficult as the height of the channels increases.

To ensure the required performance under any conditions, impellers with electric drives of various types are used.

This figure shows the centralized equipment of the facility. Here, one power unit is used, which provides air supply and outlet. When installing sensors and control devices, the ventilation performance of individual rooms is changed. When combined with, they solve the problem of maintaining comfortable temperature conditions.

air handling unit

What schemes are used to organize effective ventilation in a private home?

In practice, various combinations of natural and forced methods are used. To clarify the requirements of the technical specifications, it is necessary to study in detail the standard design solutions.

Supply ventilation in a private house: principle of operation

Using this kit, you can provide a dosed supply of purified air into the room:

To protect against the penetration of insects and leaves, there is a removable grille (1).
Air movement is provided by electric (2). The rotor speed of this model is adjusted by switch (5) in steps.
The liner (3) made of porous material retains small mechanical impurities.
The internal grille (4) performs decorative functions.
The sliding design of the pipe (6) ensures precise installation taking into account a certain wall thickness.

In such devices, multi-stage speed controllers, fine filters, and heaters are installed. Built-in electronics allow you to set custom operating modes based on time and temperature. Operation is simplified using remote controls.

Modern systems are combined with intelligent control and management complexes of the “smart home” category. This simplifies the optimization of equipment operation and allows for remote control of equipment via a network.

Features of exhaust ventilation in a private house

This system is needed to effectively remove exhaust and polluted air from premises. With its help, gas combustion products are removed from the atmosphere of residential real estate during operation and.

Using this example, you can explore the solution to a typical problem in a separate function block. This system removes moist air from the bathroom and odors from the toilet using forced ventilation. Electric drives are connected to power separately. Installed in the toilet. It turns off the fan automatically at the desired time interval after turning off the lights in the room. The reverse movement of air is blocked by two. Contaminants are discharged out through a common shaft.

In this option, you should not increase the length of the side channels excessively and use several turns. This will increase the resistance, so a more powerful fan will be needed.

For your information! In such systems, significant temperature differences occur over a small section of the route. This stimulates the appearance of moisture on internal surfaces. To prevent condensation from penetrating indoors, you should make a slight slope towards the street for free drainage.

On a three-dimensional model it is easier than on a flat drawing to study the relative position of engineering systems, decorative and functional elements of a house. This approach minimizes errors. In particular, for better ventilation, the supply and exhaust are installed diagonally in the room. Space is cleared around the ventilation holes so as not to create artificial obstacles to the movement of air.

Expanded possibilities for high-quality supply and exhaust ventilation in a private home

As the name suggests, this system provides fresh air in and exhaust air out. An integrated approach allows for economical use of energy resources and consistent implementation of assigned tasks.

The principle of operation of this technique is clear from the figure. The heat exchanger combines two channels (exhaust and supply) without mixing. This solution helps to preheat/cool air without using additional energy sources.

air handling unit with recuperator

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Below are other important facts worth noting:

It is quite acceptable to use several dependent and autonomous systems in one object. The example above shows that it is better to equip the house attached to it with separate ventilation.
In some rooms it is more convenient to install individual sets of equipment. The breather can be installed in an hour. It does not need to be connected to the central ventilation duct. All work is carried out without making changes to the decoration of the room.
When assessing the noise level of duct installations, experienced specialists recommend taking measurements in the area of the inlet and outlet openings, near units equipped with electric drives. Manufacturers indicate acoustic power or sound pressure in the accompanying documentation. For comparison, you need to take the same parameters.
The power of standard heating elements exceeds 3 kW. This allows you to quickly raise the temperature at any time of the year. But you need to make sure that the wiring and other network components are designed to handle the appropriate loads. If necessary, install a liquid heat exchanger.
The automation parameters must be checked carefully. You should make sure that the remote control is easy to use and the settings are simple. In addition to the standard change in rotation speed, the ability to set an individual time schedule will be useful. At night, for example, reduce the temperature and ventilation intensity.
It will be useful to save user settings in memory. Maintenance is simplified if there is a differential pressure sensor. This device measures pressure changes before and after the filter. An increasing difference in readings will indicate excessive contamination. In cheap modifications, time-based alarms are installed, which do not provide high accuracy of control.
Self-diagnosis using software and electronic tools will help you find out about equipment problems in a timely manner. Additional convenience is provided by notifying the user with sending messages to a smartphone, or other mobile device, or desktop computer.
In serial equipment for household use, G4 filters are installed, which are capable of removing poplar fluff, bird feathers, and other large impurities. If necessary, elements with small channels are installed instead or sequentially. Retention of particles smaller than one micrometer is acceptable. It must be remembered that such modernization will increase the load on ventilation units.

When developing project documentation, it is necessary to separately study the issues of future operation. Ventilation equipment will have to be serviced. It is necessary to exclude situations when, in order to inspect and perform routine maintenance, parts of decorative finishing and building structures have to be dismantled. For this reason, it is more convenient to place fans, filters and other system components in a special technological room. This solution will simplify the creation of effective noise insulation of the ventilation unit.

What to consider when equipping individual rooms

During the distribution of flows, it is necessary to ensure the initial penetration of air from the street into the living room, bedroom, and other living rooms. From there, he is sent to the technical rooms, to the storerooms. This solution will create excess pressure in places of permanent residence, which will prevent unpleasant odors and other contaminants from entering there.

For your information! According to current standards, “permanently occupied” rooms are rooms in which people stay for more than 6 hours in one day or for at least 2 hours continuously.

Ventilation in the kitchen in a private house: a rational solution to complex problems

In this room the temperature varies over a wide range. The cooking process is accompanied by the appearance of odors and atmospheric pollution with hazardous and persistent impurities. It is necessary to take into account not only the intensity, but also the high frequency of various negative impacts.

It is also necessary to remember the peculiarities of working with kitchen appliances. If installed, an air exchange of at least 60 cubic meters should be ensured. per person per hour. When installing a gas stove, this standard is increased by 50% (up to 90 cubic meters).

infiltration supply valve

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For your information! The minimum distance from the hood body to the gas/electric stove must be at least 65/75 cm, respectively.

Principles of coordinated operation of the two systems:

Rice. "A". Initially, the design of the house provided only natural ventilation using an opening (2). It can be seen that part (1) will reduce the cross-section of the common channel (3) after installation.
In Fig. “B” shows the work (5), which is installed behind the decorative grille (4). When the hood fan is turned on, it closes, blocking the air flow in the opposite direction.
The following figure “C” shows how natural ventilation works.

Table hoods lower into the cabinet furniture when turned off. They can be connected to ventilation shafts according to a standard diagram, from above. But if necessary, the corresponding channels are created in . The latter option involves significant changes in architectural designs. It is used in the construction of houses and during major renovations.

kitchen hoods

To maintain high performance, the following details must be taken into account when designing the hood connection:

Corrugated pipes are not difficult to work with. But these products create greater resistance to air flow compared to smooth channel walls.
The cross-section of the air duct is selected in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. It should not be less than the specified value.
When laying the route, it is necessary to prevent flattening of flexible pipes and other significant deformations. The number of turns should be minimized.

An approximate calculation of the required hood performance can be made using the formula P = (L x W x H) x 12 x 1.25, Where

P– the maximum amount of air removed from the room per hour in cubic meters;
D,Sh And IN– length, width and height of the room in meters;
12 – standard correction factor;
1,25 – additional power reserve, which is useful for quickly removing fumes from burnt food.

This operation can be performed safely by using steam over boiling water. Special detergents are also used. To remind you of routine procedures, hoods are equipped with electronic timers with sound and light alarms.

Here the hood is supplemented with air conditioning. This technique is more expensive than standard models. But it is capable of maintaining a user-specified temperature in the room.

Such equipment performs the functions of a filter. With its help, pollution is retained. As a rule, additional elements with carbon fillers are used. These sorption technologies help remove the smallest impurities and unpleasant odors. However, in any case, it is necessary to ensure work. In this embodiment, an existing shaft is used. To increase productivity, forced mechanisms are installed in the input (exhaust) tract.

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To find out, you need to supplement with deep thematic knowledge. This article contains information that will help you make a comprehensive analysis and make the right decision about purchasing a specific product.

How to create good ventilation in the toilet and bathroom

To calculate the needs of these parts of the property, the following air exchange standards in cubic meters are used. in an hour:

25 – for each individual room;
50 – for a combined bathroom.

Insufficient ventilation in the bathroom in a private house contributes to the appearance of mold and fungal colonies. In addition to the unsightly appearance, the composition of the atmosphere will deteriorate. Some microorganisms provoke the occurrence of diseases dangerous to health, so appropriate preventive measures can be called mandatory. Of course, we must not forget about peeling paint and damage to other decorative coatings, and the intensification of destructive corrosion processes.

Air can be supplied here from living rooms and corridors. If there are not enough existing cracks, through holes with plastic inserts are made in the door panels.

supply valve for windows

Natural ventilation is not sufficient for such premises. Therefore, more productive compulsory systems are used. The choice of fan is made taking into account individual conditions. The above are the minimum regulatory requirements. They will not be enough if you shower frequently and there are many people living in the house. As in the case of the kitchen, it is better to install a sufficient power reserve here.

For your information! For an approximate calculation, you can use the above formula with the coefficient “5” instead of “12”.

The walls are reinforced with a piece of plastic pipe. The installation location is chosen at a distance from plumbing fixtures in order to prevent accidental splashes on the body of the equipment.

When choosing equipment, you need to pay attention to the features of modern models:

The grille and body made of durable polymers are not damaged in conditions of high humidity or temperature changes.
An aerodynamic impeller with a large number of blades creates a strong air flow at relatively low speeds, with minimal noise.
Vibrations from the electric drive are effectively dampened by damping inserts.
The rotor supports on ball bearings are designed for long-term intensive use.
Good tightness of the joints of individual parts prevents moisture from penetrating inside.
Light weight makes installation easier.
Some models are additionally, or as standard, equipped with check valves.

For your information! When choosing a fan for a small room, pay special attention to the noise level. A value of 35 dB and below can be called quite acceptable. If the manufacturer specified less than 25 dB, the sound of the operating electric drive will not be heard at a distance of several meters.

exhaust fan for toilet

Special ventilation in the basement of a private house: reliable protection against mold and dampness

The requirements for the system design are formulated taking into account the intended purpose of the premises in this part of the building. With an area of up to 40-50 sq. m. In a low-rise building, it is enough to install natural ventilation.

This figure can be used to explain the main parameters of the system:

The entrance hole is covered with a grill to prevent rodents from entering.
The opening of the supply pipe in the basement is mounted at a distance of 20-30 cm from the floor level.
The hood is installed diagonally. The pipe entrance is 20 cm below the ceiling.
A plug is used to block the channel in winter, preventing the penetration of cold air.
An “umbrella” on the roof protects against precipitation from entering the system.

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In the review we will talk about how the air circulation diagram in such rooms should be arranged, as well as what types there are. After all, in a garage it is necessary not only to remove gases, but also to maintain humidity at the required level - its excess reduces the service life of the car.

The examples given are suitable for organizing suitable conditions in the lower part of the building for storing vegetables, canned goods, gardening tools, and consumables.

In this case, standard standards for living rooms are used to calculate the system and individual parts. They make additional supplies for the gym, shower room, and kitchen unit. Productivity is increased with forced ventilation.

Important! To figure out how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house, you need to create a list of requirements in advance, taking into account the characteristics of individual rooms. The mode of their operation also matters.

Mandatory requirements for boiler room ventilation

The parameters of the ventilation system when installing gas equipment are precisely established by the current building codes and regulations:

The minimum supply capacity is determined by the characteristics of the boiler. The cross-sectional area of the input channel is normalized (in cm2 per 1 kW of heating equipment power):

8 or more if the inflow is made directly from the street;
more than 30 when air comes from adjacent rooms.

The exit hole is made on the ceiling. It is connected to the central ventilation shaft of the house.
In addition to the main one, it is necessary to install a second channel (25-30 cm lower) for routine inspections and removal of contaminants.
The volume of the room is made no less than 7.5 cubic meters. with a total power of heating equipment up to 30 kW.

For your information! A heated attic in a private house is ventilated using the usual standards for residential premises.

How does the ventilation of the sewerage system perform its functions in a private house?

The diagram of sewer ventilation in a private house shows that the number of outlet channels is determined by the design features of the sewer system. Here one pipe is installed in front. The second is in the far part of the infiltrator.

If it is not possible to install ventilation ducts on all risers, only the far part is connected to the roof outlet. The deflector increases the efficiency of removing contaminated air.

In this figure the following parts are indicated by numbers:

(1) connected to heating equipment;
“backlash channel” (2);
wooden (3) and cast iron (4) cover;
outlet section of the ventilation system (5);
brickwork (6);
clay castle (7), preventing the penetration of contaminants into the soil.

Base ventilation: important nuances

If this part of the building is not in use due to its low height, or for other reasons, appropriate protective measures are necessary. Organizing good ventilation in a private house without a basement prevents damage to wooden parts of structures by rotting processes and the appearance of fungal spores that are dangerous to humans.

For your information! Installation of ventilation for the basement floor of a private house is necessary for the timely removal of radon. This radioactive gas is not detectable by human senses.

Normalizing the humidity level in the pool using efficient ventilation

This information will help you formulate the correct ventilation requirements for the relevant premises:

Experts recommend not increasing the water content in the atmosphere above 14 g per kg of air.
The normal range of relative humidity is 40 to 655.
If the surface temperature is below the dew point, intense condensation occurs. Such processes, in particular, can be observed on the outer walls of air duct pipes.
To prevent drafts and the respiratory diseases caused by them, the speed of air flow should not exceed 0.15 m per second.
Increasing the pressure in the room (special adjustment of inlet and outlet) will prevent chlorine chemical compounds from entering other rooms. If this pressure is set to more than 15-25 Pa, obstacles may arise when opening the doors.

How to make ventilation in a private house: preparation of calculations, design documentation

When calculating ventilation in a private house, professionals determine the following important parameters:

Air exchange system capacity in cubic meters. in an hour. It is determined for each functional room separately, based on current standards and operating characteristics.
The characteristics of the individual components of the air distribution network are further clarified:

channel sizes;
dimensions of distribution devices;
resistance to air movement;
power ;
consumed electrical energy.

The data obtained is used to select a suitable air handling unit.

For your information! In order not to have to figure out how to properly install ventilation in a private home, you can use the help of experienced specialists. When purchasing equipment, such services are provided free of charge by specialized stores.

The materials posted in this article will help you understand how to make a hood in a private home yourself. It should be noted that in any case, personal preferences are of decisive importance. For a demanding user, the volumes of fresh air specified in building regulations may not be enough.

Do-it-yourself ventilation schemes in a private house: overview of standard solutions

Creating high-quality ventilation in a private house with your own hands

Such supply and exhaust ventilation can be created with your own hands. But to implement large-scale plans, you will have to study design issues at a professional level. You will need knowledge on how to properly set up the joint operation of all engineering systems in the house.

Proper distribution of labor and other resources will help solve difficult problems without errors. The execution of individual works and the most complex stages can be entrusted to specialized specialists. Some parts of the supply ventilation can be installed with your own hands without the help of assistants.

Proper solution of individual tasks during system installation

The installation of channels should not violate the tightness of the layers. Damage to wiring, water and gas supplies should be avoided. In order not to disrupt hidden communications, precise plans and step-by-step photographs of construction processes are used. The necessary materials should be prepared in advance. Similar precautions will come in handy when installing underfloor ventilation in a private home. If possible, routes are installed under removable suspended ceiling panels. Dismantling wooden cladding will also not be overly difficult.

roof deflector

How to choose pipes and other components of the ventilation system without mistakes

With the help of such parts, a route with a complex configuration can be created quickly, without errors.

Various devices are used to clean the incoming air from contaminants. In addition to mechanical (mesh and volumetric), you can install photocatalytic, carbon and other types of filters. Some of them perform their functions efficiently, but do not increase air flow resistance.

Such products can be used if they are suitable in diameter. Products in this category (gray) are intended for indoor installation. Excessive heating (above +60°C) and strong mechanical stress should be prevented.

Step-by-step installation with comments

How to make ventilation in a house using specialized components is described in the following table:

Photo	Work operations, explanations, comments
	It is convenient to use the system for work. The specially reduced height helps save space.
	Such products are installed in horizontal and vertical positions.
	Manufacturers' assortment includes air ducts with different channels: round (diameter - 100; 125; 150 mm); rectangular (dimensions - 60 x 120; 60 x 204 mm).
	Fast and accurate installation is ensured by matching the dimensions of the joined parts and a large number of various additional elements. Lightweight products are not difficult to handle in hard-to-reach places or at heights. They are connected into a single structure without special tools. They are cut to the required size by hand with a wood blade.
	Before installation work, it is necessary to prepare design documentation. In accordance with the drawings, holes are made in certain places in the building structures.
	Next, select the necessary fittings.
	Tee.
	This product makes the transition from a rectangular section of the channel to a round pipe.
	Such bends are used to change the route in different planes.
	To speed up the assembly of ventilation in the house with your own hands, functional modules from several elements are connected in advance.
	Such blanks are mounted in the right places. Special fasteners are used to fix vertical and horizontal sections. This entrance hole is located taking into account that plasterboard sheathing with a decorative grille will be installed on top.
	To speed up work operations, cutting to size is done using . But the use of hand tools is quite acceptable.
	Connections are strengthened.

For your information! Installation of ventilation in a private house is often accompanied by drilling holes in the external walls to create supply channels. These complex operations are performed using diamond tips. To cool them, water is supplied to the working area, which flows down along with the debris, forming unpleasant spots. This procedure must be planned before finishing to prevent additional costs for restoring the flawless appearance of the facade.

Features of professional installation of ventilation in a private house: prices, scope of work, control operations

Installation and other work operations	Cost of service, rub.
Design based on 1 sq. m. premises area	55-70
Installation of flexible/rigid channels (per 1 sq. m.)	99-120/300-850
Installation with a capacity of up to 2 thousand cubic meters. at one o'clock	8000-35000
Installation of duct/roof fan	4000-7000/3500-5000
Installation and configuration of an automation cabinet	5000-10000
Departure of specialists for technical maintenance	3000-6000

A correctly selected do-it-yourself ventilation scheme in a private scrapyard is a reliable basis for future success. Careful preparation will allow you to choose the best option for a specific structure and specific needs. An objective assessment of your own financial capabilities and installation skills will be useful. If necessary, specialized specialists can be involved to perform individual operations. You should carefully study technical innovations and modern materials so as not to miss out on current advantages in the relevant market segment.

In the comments to the article - ask questions on this topic, share your experience. To successfully solve complex problems, professional advice and knowledge about the practical implementation of similar projects will be useful.

Natural ventilation channels

For effective ventilation, Each room of the house must have two ventilation devices: one is for air supply, the other is for removing air from the room.

Every room in a house or apartment equipped with a supply and exhaust natural ventilation device according to one of three options:

Supply valve in a window or outside wall for air flow. Transfer hole into an adjacent room with an exhaust duct for air removal (hole in the door or internal wall, partition).
For air flow - overflow hole from an adjacent room with an inlet valve, and exhaust duct
Inlet valve for inflow, And exhaust duct ventilation to remove air.

Check whether in the house or apartment where you currently live, whether all rooms have supply and exhaust ventilation devices?!

In which rooms should exhaust ventilation ducts be installed?

Exhaust ducts for natural ventilation must be provided from the following areas of the house:

Sanitary facilities - bathroom, toilet, laundry room.
Kitchens.
Dressing room, storage room - if the doors of the premises open into the living room. If the doors open onto a corridor (hall, kitchen), then you can do one of two things: arrange an exhaust duct from the premises or install a supply valve in a wall or window.
The boiler room must have both a ventilation duct and a supply valve.
From rooms separated from rooms with a ventilation duct by more than two doors.
On the floor above the first, if there are entrance doors from the stairs to the floor, ventilation ducts are made from the rooms indicated above, and/or from the corridor, hall.
On the floor above the first, in the absence of entrance doors from the stairs to the floor, a ventilation duct and a supply valve are installed in each room of the floor.

In other rooms of the house that do not have natural ventilation exhaust ducts, be sure to install a supply valve in a window or wall and a flow hole into the adjacent room.

In addition, natural ventilation exhaust ducts are used for ventilation:

Sewer pipe riser.

Building rules (clause 6.5.8 SP 60.13330.2016) require that in residential buildings, for premises housing gas equipment (gas boilers, hot water heaters, kitchen stoves, etc.), provide mechanical forced exhaust ventilation and natural or mechanical forced ventilation.

Location and dimensions of ventilation ducts

The minimum side size of the natural ventilation channel is 10 cm., and the minimum cross-sectional area is 0.016 m 2., which approximately corresponds to the diameter of a standard ventilation duct pipe - 150 mm.

A channel of minimal size will provide air exhaust in a volume of 30 m 3 /hour with a vertical pipe length of more than 3 m. To increase the performance of the hood, the cross-sectional area of the channel or the length of the channel is increased. Channels less than 2 long m. do not provide the necessary intensity of natural ventilation.

In practice, the length of the ventilation duct on a floor is usually determined by design considerations - the number and height of the upper floors located above, the height of the attic, the length of the pipe above the roof. On the floor, the length of all channels must be the same. This is done so that the traction force in each channel on the floor is approximately the same.

The cross-sectional dimensions of the channels on the floor are often made the same, but for design reasons - it’s more convenient. The performance of the ventilation channel in a particular room on the floor is adjusted by choosing the size of the ventilation grille.

Ventilation ducts from the premises of the house on different floors are placed side by side, combining them into a block of ventilation ducts.

For design reasons, they try to lay several ventilation ducts from rooms on the same floor side by side, in one place - to create a block of ventilation ducts.

A block of ventilation ducts in stone houses is usually placed inside the load-bearing internal wall of the house or attached to the wall.

The block is laid out from masonry materials, for example, brick. In brickwork, it is convenient to make channels with a cross-section that is a multiple of the size of the brick, taking into account the thickness of the joints - 140x140 mm. (1/2 x 1/2 brick, 196 cm 2) or 140x270 mm. (1/2 x 1 brick, 378 cm 2)

Double-channel expanded clay concrete ventilation block 390x190x188 mm. Flow area of one channel 168 cm 2
Concrete blocks for laying ventilation ducts in a private house. Block height 33 cm., width 25 cm., wall thickness 4 cm. The flow area of one channel is 12x17 cm. (204 cm 2)

They produce hollow concrete blocks specially designed for laying ventilation ducts.

A block of ventilation ducts made of masonry materials must be supported on a foundation or on a reinforced concrete floor.

In other cases, for example, in wooden or frame houses, a block of ventilation ducts is assembled from plastic or galvanized steel pipes. The block of pipes is covered with a box.

How to combine several channels into one channel

In a private house, the number of channels is small, so there is no need to combine air flows from several channels (rooms or floors) into one, as is often done in apartment buildings. Each natural ventilation channel in a private house should begin in the room and end at the head on the roof. Any combination of two or more channels impairs ventilation performance.

In some cases, there is still a need to combine several channels, to combine them into one common natural ventilation channel.

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Ventilation channel performance

Performance of a single exhaust ventilation channel with a cross section of 12x17 cm.(204 cm 2) from concrete blocks depending on the channel height and room temperature:

Capacity of natural ventilation channels with a cross section of 12 x 17 cm.(204 cm 2) depending on the channel height and room temperature (at an outside air temperature of 12 o C)

To determine performance for intermediate channel heights, plot the channel height versus performance graph.

Similar tables can be found for ventilation ducts that are made of other materials.

However, for ventilation ducts of the same cross-section (204 cm 2), but made from other materials, the performance will differ slightly from that indicated in the table.

For a channel of a different cross-section, the performance value from the table can be proportionally increased or decreased.

To increase the performance of a ventilation channel of the same height, it is necessary proportionally increase the cross-sectional area of the channel. To do this, for example, choose a concrete block with a larger hole, or use two or three channels of the above size to ventilate one room.

Calculation of natural ventilation of a private house

The building regulations specify the minimum required capacity of natural ventilation ducts. Typically, people feel better when more fresh air is supplied to the room than specified in the standards. The performance of the natural ventilation channel very much depends on atmospheric and other variable factors (air temperature inside and outside, wind pressure and direction, resistance to air flow into the room). All this suggests that for a private house there is no point in carefully performing calculations accurately. I recommend rounding the calculation results towards greater productivity of natural ventilation channels. During operation, if necessary, the channel capacity can be easily reduced.

Calculation of natural ventilation is carried out in order to determine the size of ventilation channels based on the volume of air removed.

When determining the volume of air removed through natural ventilation ducts, it is taken into account that air enters rooms with supply valves from the street, then this air flows into rooms with exhaust ducts, and is removed through the ducts again to the street.

Calculation is being carried out for each floor at home in the following order:

Guided by the standards (see), determine the amount of the minimum volume of air that should come from the street for ventilation all rooms with supply valves - Q p, m 3 /hour.
According to the standards, the amount of the minimum volume of air that must be go outside for ventilation all premises equipped with an exhaust ventilation duct - Q in, m 3 /hour.
Compare the calculated minimum values of air flow from the street (Q p, m 3 /hour) and going outside (Q in, m 3 /hour). Usually one of the quantities turns out to be greater than the other. The larger of the two quantities is taken as the minimum design capacity of all exhaust ventilation channels on the floor— Q r, m 3 /hour.
Based on the vertical dimensions of the house, the height of the natural ventilation channel on the floor is determined.
Knowing the height of the ventilation channel, and the overall estimated minimum performance of all channels on the floor (Q p, m 3 / hour), According to the table (see above), the total number of standard channels made of concrete blocks is selected. The total performance of the selected number of standard channels must be no less than the value of Q p, m 3 / hour.
The selected number of standard ducts are distributed between the rooms of the house, which must be equipped with exhaust ventilation ducts. When distributing, take into account the need to ensure standard air exchange in each individual room with a ventilation duct.

An example of calculating the natural ventilation of a private house

For example, let’s calculate natural ventilation in a one-story house with a total floor area of 120 m 2. The house has five living rooms with a total area of 90 m 2, kitchen, bathroom and toilet, as well as a dressing room (storage room) with an area of 4.5 m 2. Room height - 3 m. The house is designed with natural ventilation of the underground space through a ventilation duct. Height of ventilated space under the floor 0.3 m. We use concrete blocks to install ventilation channels - see above.

Fan at the entrance to the natural ventilation channel

Continuation: for the next one

Before the construction of a house begins, the owner faces a number of problems related to arranging comfortable living in it. Normally functioning air exchange throughout the house, and in the kitchen in particular, is one of the most important tasks that must be solved at the stage of designing a new home. We’ll talk about how to install ventilation (hood) in the kitchen of a private house with your own hands in this article. Diagram, photo and video as an addition to the text for clarity.

The kitchen is a room of excessively increased humidity and air pollution with aromas from cooking, carbon monoxide particles, so a thoughtful and well-organized process of supplying oxygen is simply necessary. Ventilation in the kitchen of a private house must meet certain requirements:

ventilation should be designed so that the resulting dangerous emissions are quickly diluted with clean air, and then completely removed outside the house;

Important! The kitchen area must be equipped with a window with a window and two exhaust ducts. The minimum height of the walls of the kitchen room is at least 2.2 m.

the number of burners of a gas stove must correspond to a certain volume of the room (8 m3 - 2 burners, 12 m3 - no more than 3 burners, 15 m3 or more - 4);
the speed and quality of air exchange in the kitchen is regulated by regulatory documents. On average, it is 140 m3/hour in a kitchen with a gas stove and 110 m3/hour with an electric panel.

Kitchen hood operation diagram

Kitchen ventilation installation

Attention! Before making a ventilation plan for the entire house, it is recommended to find out the level of air pollution in the area where the house will be built, as additional air purification equipment may be needed.

For the most efficient air circulation, holes are made in all rooms of the constructed building, which are responsible for the entry and exit of oxygen. According to accepted standards, the inlet hole is located above the foundation on the surface of the outer wall. The exhaust is done on the roof, and the pipe rising above the roof for the exit of polluted air is at least 0.5 m.

With a properly designed ventilation system, the air movement in the building will move through the ventilation from the rooms to the kitchen, from where it will be discharged outside (see the attached diagram).

Air movement pattern

Pay special attention to studying the issue of the correct location of ventilation ducts, as well as the selection of high-quality materials. Using special engineering tables, calculate the length and width of the rectangular cross-section of the channel, which would ensure the rapid and complete removal of exhaust air masses to the outside. During construction, the channel is installed in the walls of the building.

The ventilation duct is recommended to be made of stainless steel. The walls inside the pipe-channel must be smooth so that soot deposits and greasy vapors do not cling to burrs. This will make it easier for you to maintain the ventilation. In the room, all air duct openings are protected with special grilles to prevent foreign objects from entering them.

A little about natural ventilation

The natural ventilation system of a cottage has certain differences from the hood in an apartment building. Here it is necessary to take care of good oxygen circulation in each room. Therefore, one pipe and one ventilation hole will not be enough for a private house. This is a whole system that consists of many pipes, passages and outlets.

However, when designing and building a private house, many mistakes are often made. As a result, it turns out that there seems to be air ventilation, but in reality it does not work.

Natural ventilation of a private house

The main mistakes made when designing and installing cottage ventilation:

Incorrectly positioned ventilation holes. According to the rules, they are placed no lower than 10 cm from the ceiling surface. In practice, they are located much lower, which leads to stagnation of warm waste masses near the ceiling.
Insufficient height of the ventilation pipe leads to a stop in the movement of air inside the channel.
Joint ventilation of adjacent rooms.
The kitchen of a private house is often equipped only with forced ventilation, although according to the rules, there must also be a natural ventilation hole in the kitchen area.

Attention! Natural ventilation is a simple and inexpensive way to provide yourself and your family with fresh oxygen, however, it must be followed according to all the rules.

A significant disadvantage of natural ventilation is that it is often insufficient in the kitchen. This is especially noticeable when there is no wind or during hot periods. Therefore, it is necessary to use additional specially installed devices that help increase the flow of fresh air, purify and remove exhaust air.

Forced ventilation in the kitchen

This type of ventilation involves installing special electrical equipment in the openings of the ventilation pipe, which will artificially circulate air. In the kitchen, the easiest way is to install a conventional hood, powered by electricity and directing exhaust air outside. This option would be a good solution in a house with improperly designed ventilation. The kitchen hood is placed directly above the stove at a height of 60-80 cm, but not higher, otherwise it will not be able to cope with the work.

Diagram: forced ventilation device

A slightly more complicated option is to create a forced (artificial) supply and exhaust ventilation system, which will not only remove polluted air, but also promote the influx of fresh air at the same time. Thus, the kitchen will be part of the ventilation of the entire cottage. Also, if necessary, it is easier to equip the entire system with filtering and heating devices.

A significant disadvantage of artificial ventilation is its high financial cost and overly complex installation, which only specialists can do. However, having paid and installed such ventilation once, you will use it for a long time. In addition, it is more reliable and resistant to temperature changes and variability of weather conditions.

What could be simpler than installing a hood in the kitchen? I read the instructions and strictly followed what was written in it. We suggest you additionally familiarize yourself with some tips that are not always found in the manual.

hoods made of aluminum and stainless steel are much stronger and more durable;
change the filter material in the hood at least once every 6 months;

Kitchen hood installation

a fan with high power and excessively strong exhaust air flow can clog the air duct. Thus, all volatile vapors and unpleasant odors will collect in the kitchen and nearby rooms;
ventilation ducts and air ducts must be cleaned from time to time to remove accumulations of soot and greasy deposits;
in a large kitchen (more than 15 m2) you will need to additionally provide two ventilation ducts. One for filling the room with fresh air, the other for a kitchen hood.

As you already understand, there is nothing difficult in creating good ventilation in the kitchen. The main thing is to follow all the recommendations and advice, and you will be guaranteed clean fresh air and a healthy atmosphere.

Kitchen ventilation system in a private house: video

A properly installed ventilation system is the key to comfortable living in a home. Fresh air, optimal humidity and the absence of unpleasant odors are its main tasks. Today we will talk about how to install the system yourself. , a diagram that is optimally suited for each room, and recommendations from professionals - all this is in our material.

Read in the article:

Why are ventilation systems needed in a private home?

For those who still doubt whether installing ventilation in a private house is necessary, we will give a simple example. Breathable air contains about 60 percent oxygen. The remaining 40 are gases that either have no effect on the body or cause harm to it. Our body consumes oxygen from the air and returns carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

In addition, in a room with insufficient air circulation, harmful bacteria and viruses actively multiply.

Many parents, who wrap up their children too zealously and close all the windows and vents, cannot understand why their child, nevertheless, is constantly sick. The answer is simple - in the stuffy atmosphere of a sealed room, pathogenic organisms feel excellent and successfully attack their prey. They take as their allies the smallest particles of dust, which freely enter the tissues of the lungs and nasopharynx and settle there, causing a cough and a constant runny nose.

Sometimes diseases take a chronic form. But installing ventilation in a private home will help solve all these problems, and the entire structure will cost much less than a full set of medications for treating family members.

In addition to harm to humans, the tightness of premises also causes damage to the structure itself. The lack of normal air exchange leads to the growth of mold and mildew, the destruction of all natural finishing materials and walls. Excessive moisture affects the plaster, which cracks and peels off from the base. Ventilation projects for private houses provide for the specific purpose of each room and create the necessary microclimate in the bathroom, kitchen, boiler room and living rooms.

Types of ventilation systems

According to the basic principle of operation, ventilation systems can be divided into three types:

View	Description
Active	This system works using electrical appliances - fans. The flow of air flows is carried out naturally through channels protected from dust, insects and rodents. The waste streams are removed by exhaust fans. All ventilation ducts are combined into one common pipe. This design is not difficult to install, but does require energy costs.
Passive	This version of the ventilation system does not need to be connected to the mains and works due to the natural movement of air flow. Such a system will require the installation of several ventilation ducts in each room of the building.
Supply and exhaust	A system that combines the advantages of natural and active ventilation. The incoming air duct is equipped with a filter and a fan that draws in air from the street, and the outgoing air duct is equipped with an exhaust device. This is an economical system; it is enough to install one such device in a room.

Let's take a closer look at the design principles of each of these systems.

Natural ventilation device in a private house

Installing natural ventilation in a private house with your own hands should be considered at the stage of designing the house. During the construction of walls, ventilation shafts are laid or pipes are fixed if the house is not made of brick. The system works effectively due to the difference in air pressure and temperature inside and outside the building. Advantages and disadvantages of the system:

For natural air exchange, the diameter of the air duct must be at least 13 centimeters. The installation holes are located under the ceiling.

An approximate diagram of natural ventilation in a private house:

The optimal option is one in which a common air duct is located inside the central wall, to which ventilation ducts from all rooms are connected.

Ask a specialist

“The fewer horizontal bends in the system, the more efficient it works.”

Another important point is that the exhaust pipe must be sufficiently insulated. If it is made of brick, then the recommended thickness of the masonry is two and a half bricks. Metal and plastic hoods are insulated with mineral wool. This is necessary so that on frosty days the air duct does not cool down and continues to operate effectively.

The height of the ventilation duct is selected relative to the height of the ridge. To determine the dimensions of the pipe, you need to draw a horizontal line from the ridge, and then another straight line with a rise of 10 degrees. The top point will be the desired value.

Important! The natural ventilation channel for a fireplace or gas boiler must be larger than usual, at least 13 by 26 centimeters. Its masonry is made as airtight as possible.

Features of forced ventilation in a private house

Equipment for forced air exchange is in most cases located in the attic. But there are cases when forced ventilation is installed in the basement of a private house. Usually one powerful device is installed, which will provide exhaust throughout the entire system or be placed in each air duct. In this case, the influx of fresh atmosphere is carried out through windows and vents.

Advice! If doorways in rooms are equipped with baseboards, they should have grilles for unimpeded air penetration.

The system requires installation of additional equipment:

protective grilles and nets against insects and rodents;
filters that trap dust, pollen and other allergens;
cold air flow control valves;
exhaust fans;
material that absorbs vibration and sounds;
air heaters (work in winter);
air ducts;
automation units for system control.

To obtain the desired effect, you should choose a forced air exchange system that is most suitable for your home. Here are some possible options:

System	Description
Combined system	Combines natural and forced air supply. Does not require special maintenance and is easy to install.
Forced supply with cooling effect	Installed complete with air conditioner. It is quite expensive and requires regular maintenance.
Forced with heated air flow	The system components include recuperators. They use the heat of outgoing flows to warm up incoming air masses. Recuperators are not cheap devices, but they can be assembled with your own hands.
Recirculation system	Requires the installation of complex devices that mix outgoing exhaust air flows with the street atmosphere and return them to the house. Installation of such a device should only be carried out by qualified personnel.

Expert opinion

HVAC design engineer (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) ASP North-West LLC

Ask a specialist

“A large general ventilation unit should be located as far as possible from living rooms. Even very good insulation will not make it silent.”

The main requirement for arranging forced ventilation: air masses must move from residential premises (rooms) to non-residential premises (kitchen, bathroom).

Types of systems and their schemes

It is not easy to draw up a diagram of a ventilation system in a private house. This task requires special knowledge and understanding of the correct placement of air ducts, heat exchangers and fans. The efficiency of air exchange depends on the correct layout.

Ask a specialist

“If you do not have experience in designing such systems, entrust this task to professionals. You can carry out the installation on your own, but only a specialist can plan everything correctly.”

Basic rules to follow:

in the chain of ventilation ducts, non-residential premises should be the last;
the exhaust pipe must be higher than the roof ridge;
the dimensions of the air ducts are calculated using special formulas;
Air ducts must be carefully warmed and soundproofed, otherwise the wind will howl in the house.

Supply ventilation in a private house: operating principle and diagram

The supply air exchange system includes several components: an air duct, fittings and the supply chamber itself. The dimensions of the device are relatively small, and such ventilation will not spoil the external and internal appearance of the house.

Important aspect! Incoming air flows must have a temperature of at least 18 degrees. Such an air flow will not disturb the comfortable atmosphere in the room and will not cause colds or drafts. In the case of forced air supply, elements must be built into the system to heat it to the required temperature. Previously, such devices were installed, but in modern construction they have been replaced by recuperators. The principle of their operation is the heat exchange between incoming and outgoing flows through a system of filters and plates.

In a private house, the forced ventilation system has its own characteristics. Usually in a country house there are many household premises with special functions. Unlike a city apartment, it contains a boiler room, a basement, a residential attic, a swimming pool or bathhouse and other objects necessary for the owners. These rooms have different humidity and temperatures, and combining them with one air exchange system is not easy.

It is for this reason that special requirements are put forward in the house:

It must be powerful enough to serve the entire house.
An extensive system must provide for the characteristics of different rooms.
The home owner must have the ability to remotely or manually control air exchange.
The design must take into account seasonal temperature changes and heat the house in winter and cool in summer.

Related article:

In the article we will consider in detail the types of structures, the principle of operation, how to choose a place for installation, how to properly install the device with your own hands, useful tips and recommendations from specialists.

Principles of exhaust ventilation in a private home and video instructions for installing the hood

Hoods are used to remove exhaust air. It is especially important to install them in rooms where odors actively spread and an unhealthy atmosphere reigns - in the kitchen, in the boiler room, in the bathroom. To forcefully eliminate air masses, you will need a fairly powerful fan and an exhaust hood directed toward the street.

One hood can be installed on a maximum of two heating devices, but representatives of regulatory authorities have the right to require you to install separate chimneys for each device. It is better to do just that, because we are talking about your safety.

Important! If exhaust ventilation through the walls to the street is installed in the boiler room, it must have a sealed air duct so that combustion products do not penetrate into other ducts and rooms. All seams and joints are additionally treated with sealant. In places where the chimney comes into contact with the roofing material, fire-resistant gaskets are installed to prevent fire.

For forced ventilation of the chimney, a fan with a check valve and a fire-resistant asbestos-cement pipe are used. It is acceptable to use metal pipes.

Important! Under no circumstances should plastic pipes be used for exhaust hood in a boiler room or kitchen; they are not heat-resistant and burn easily, releasing toxic fumes.

Nuances of supply and exhaust ventilation in a private house

It is believed that this principle of organizing air exchange is the most productive. Removal of used air masses and injection of new ones occurs simultaneously.

There are two schemes for supply and exhaust ventilation. In the first case, two air ducts are simply installed in the room under the ceiling. Air enters through one hole, and out through another. Both processes occur with the help of fans. In the second case, the supply flow is located at the bottom of the wall. The fan blows in fresh air, and the exhaust air is removed through the air duct by the ceiling naturally. This system works especially effectively in houses with unusually high ceilings.

We focus on each room - what is needed for ventilation?

As already mentioned, in a private house there are many rooms with different purposes. Their features should be taken into account when planning the ventilation system. Let's take a closer look at each case.

Ventilation in a private house in the kitchen: the main thing is the hood

The kitchen is a hot shop, in which there is always a lot of steam, heat, smoke and odors. If you are preparing a festive dinner for guests or the oven is running at full power, you literally can’t breathe.

Advice! You shouldn’t limit yourself to just a kitchen hood in a private home. It must be combined with a general ventilation system. This will prevent food odors from entering other rooms.

Setting up ventilation in the kitchen is not difficult. Here are some recommendations from practitioners:

It is better to select the hood body from aluminum.
The filters in the device above the stove must be cleaned at least two to three times a year.
It is best to choose a device with adjustable fan speed. This will allow you to use different methods of air purification depending on its pollution.
You should periodically check the efficiency of the ventilation duct using a burning match or piece of paper. If the flame draws in or paper sticks to the grill, the ventilation is working properly.
For large kitchens with an area of more than 15 square meters, several exhaust ducts are provided.

Video instructions on how to properly install a hood over the stove:

Installation of ventilation in the toilet and bathroom

The atmosphere of the bathroom and toilet is saturated with bacteria and microbes, which, accumulating in a small space, attack not only the human body, but also finishing materials. After taking a bath, the walls remain damp for a long time, and in the absence of a high-quality exhaust hood, the smell in the toilet is unbearable.

To install bathroom ventilation you will need:

ventilation shaft that goes to the roof. The ventilation duct must be straight and even; only this shape will allow air flow to move unhindered. Its optimal dimensions are from one to two meters;
external grille with inclined louvres, which protects the channel from atmospheric moisture;
internal grille with adjustable flap.

For your information! In the bathroom you can install a natural and forced ventilation system. Forced, of course, is more effective.

Important points in installing ventilation in the toilet of a private house:

For installation, low-noise devices with a maximum value of 30 decibels are used.
The ventilation duct is placed opposite the front door. This ensures maximum draft and proper distribution of fresh air.
All duct equipment is placed at a safe distance from heating devices. Ventilation materials cannot withstand temperatures above fifty degrees, unless it is a specialized device for baths and saunas.
The power of the ventilation device is selected depending on the intensity of use and the size of the room.
In the bathroom, it is justified to install motion and air humidity sensors and timers on the fans.

Advice! Before designing an air exchange system in a bathroom, read the requirements of SNiP 01/41/2003. This document describes all the requirements for ventilation in a bathroom in a private house.

Ventilation in the basement of a private house: important points

All owners of country houses are interested in the question: how to make ventilation in the basement of a private house? A workshop, laundry room, and boiler room can be located in the basement of a country house. In the basement, many housewives store homemade canned goods and vegetables for the winter.

Dampness provokes the development of mold and destruction of the walls of the basement and basement. In order to create a normal atmosphere in the basement, it is necessary to provide vents or vents even at the stage of pouring the foundation of the house. They are located on opposite sides of the base. If there are partitions inside the basement space, there should be vents in them too. The vents are located under the ceiling of the basement, at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from the ground level and must be equipped with rodent bars, otherwise your winter supplies will not be preserved until serving.

For your information! Another real threat to the basement is an explosion of heating equipment if the boiler room is located in this room. Only high-quality ventilation will prevent the accumulation of dangerous gases in the event of an emergency and prevent the fire from spreading throughout the entire house.

The area of the vents can be easily calculated by dividing the area of the basement by 400. The recommended diameter of one hole is 12 centimeters. And it is worth remembering that the effectiveness of their work will directly depend on the prevailing winds on the site, so they should be positioned accordingly. Among other things, when planning vents, one should take into account the characteristics of groundwater, seasonal temperature changes and the amount of precipitation.

Important! To prevent water from pouring into the vents during a rainstorm, install canopies on them and make an inclined blind area that removes moisture from the foundation.

Important information about boiler room ventilation

The main tasks of ventilation for a gas boiler in a private house:

regulation of carbon monoxide levels. Even if its percentage exceeds 0.2%, this threatens with serious consequences for the human body, including respiratory arrest;
preventing the occurrence of reverse draft, in which combustion products enter the room;
providing the room with the oxygen necessary for breathing. In addition, oxygen is also important for the operation of the boiler, because it is in its presence that combustion processes are possible.

An object with a high level of fire risk must be equipped only with a forced air exchange system. Natural ventilation is not suitable here due to its low efficiency.

In order for the heating device to operate normally, the atmosphere in the room needs to be changed three times per hour. Each chimney is equipped with two openings. The upper one is intended for removing gases, the lower one is for periodic cleaning of soot and soot.

Ask a specialist

“Before installing the ventilation duct, study the boiler data sheet. It specifies all the requirements for chimney installation. Calculate the boiler room ventilation taking into account all the recommendations.”

All chimney elements are made of fire-resistant materials. To increase the efficiency of the device, a coaxial chimney with two air ducts is installed on floor-standing boilers.

Proper organization of air ducts in the attic

Unobstructed air exchange will prevent the formation of condensation under the roof. This will extend its service life and save you from the need for constant repairs. In winter, the roof will not be covered with ice, and in summer, good ventilation will prevent it from overheating from the sun's rays.

To properly organize attic ventilation in a private home, use perforated soffits. They look neat and decorative, and in addition, they do not allow insects to pass through. In addition to these elements, roof aerators and ventilated ridges are used.

Advice! If soft roofing material is used for the covering, small gaps are made in the counter-lattice to allow air to penetrate.

In the most difficult areas of the roof with a complex geometric shape, point aeration devices are used.

Some tips from roofing professionals:

attic ventilation should be protected from dust; it quickly absorbs moisture and adversely affects the insulation of the roof;
all attic vents must be equipped with protection against birds, insects and fallen leaves;
ventilation ducts must have the same size along their entire length. Any restriction will adversely affect the efficiency of the system;
When the roof length is over 10 meters, it is recommended to use forced ventilation of the space under the roof.

How to make ventilation ducts for sewers and cesspools

Many people believe that the main task of cesspool ventilation in a private house is simply to eliminate unpleasant odors. This is only partly true. Proper air exchange promotes rapid decomposition of waste and reduces pressure in the local sewerage pipeline. Excess methane, a product of organic matter decomposition, can lead to fire.

To remove exhaust gases, high risers are installed in the right place. They are installed not only in the country toilet, but also in an autonomous waste processing system - in septic tanks and closed tanks.

Important! The height of the sewer ventilation riser should exceed the height of the roof by at least 70 centimeters, and the riser itself should not be located near windows.

If it is not possible to install a riser above the roof, use ventilation valves that open as the atmosphere becomes thinner. The ventilation duct for sewerage can be made of plastic; ordinary sewer pipes are suitable for this.

Air exchange in the basement and foundation

We have already talked about how to improve air exchange in the basement. But what about foundation ventilation in a private house without a basement? In fact, in this case it is necessary to ensure normal air exchange. It will protect floor joists from rot and prevent the accumulation of harmful gases and dampness under the floor.

To ventilate the basement floor of a private house, the same vents with protective grilles are used. They are laid at the time of pouring the foundation on opposite sides. For this purpose, asbestos-cement or plastic pipes are used. At the time of pouring, they are filled with sand so that they do not deform and the solution does not get inside.

How to ventilate a pool

A swimming pool is a special room in which there will be high humidity and temperature. These conditions dictate special requirements for ventilation of a swimming pool in a private home. Only properly organized air exchange will prevent the growth of fungus, which will like the climate of this room. If its growth is not stopped, the spores will cause severe allergic reactions among home owners, and all finishing materials will be destroyed literally before our eyes.

For your information! Favorable air temperature in the pool is 28-32 degrees Celsius. Permissible humidity is 64 percent.

There should be no draft in the room with the pool; this is important for a comfortable stay in it. A swimming pool is one of the most difficult areas to design. For this reason, it is better to entrust the development of a ventilation scheme to specialists.

How to make ventilation in a private house: calculations and step-by-step installation

To calculate ventilation in private houses, you will need some basic values. These are the parameters of each room, its purpose and performance standards for natural and forced air exchange.

Ventilation ducts for passive air exchange are located vertically and go from each room to the roof. In a living space, the atmosphere must be completely renewed every hour.

Ask a specialist

“To calculate forced ventilation, you will need to sum up the required air exchange rates for each room, taking into account its area, and based on the resulting amount, select equipment that will cope with this task.”

For example: a house has three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a boiler room. We calculate the productivity for each room in accordance with its purpose and area:

kitchen -90 cubic meters per hour;
bathroom – 50 cubic meters per hour;
boiler room - 70 cubic meters per hour;
children's room - 40 cubic meters per hour;
living room - 120 cubic meters per hour;
bedroom - 60 cubic meters per hour.

Total - 430 cubic meters per hour for the whole house. Therefore, for the successful operation of the ventilation system, an installation capable of handling such a volume of air will be required. You can install one unit or divide the power according to the needs of each room and install the units separately.

An example of how to properly make ventilation in a private house in the following video:

Before deciding how to make a hood in a private house, read the standards SNiP 02/31/2001 and ABOK 2/1/2008. They suggest using it to calculate the air exchange rate. The indicators in these documents differ somewhat, so for independent calculations it is better to choose a larger value.

Features of do-it-yourself ventilation schemes in a private house, depending on the specifics of the building design

If the air exchange system is combined into one, the design of the ventilation system in a private house should provide for the movement of air from “clean” rooms to “dirty” ones. That is, from living rooms to the bathroom, boiler room and kitchen.
Supply valves are placed in every room where there is no hood.
If the building has two or more floors, ventilation ducts are placed according to the basic principles.
Natural ventilation through vents is provided for the basement, basement, and foundation.
Passive ventilation exhaust ducts are located strictly vertically.
For uniform draft, the exhaust channels must be of the same length without narrowing or widening.

To minimize heat loss, ventilation shafts are carefully insulated, especially in places where they open onto the street.

Do-it-yourself ventilation installation in the house

Some difficulties may arise during the work. The main problem is the weight of the equipment for forced ventilation. Sometimes one craftsman is not able to lift and install the unit. That is why take care in advance of an assistant and a lifting mechanism that will make the task easier. You can assemble the unit step by step. The structural units are assembled on the ground and installed sequentially according to the diagram. Do-it-yourself supply and exhaust ventilation is installed using some special equipment.

In a frame house the task is greatly simplified. Installing fresh air ventilation with your own hands will only require the use of a stepladder, drill and jigsaw.

Features of installation work

If ventilation in a private house passes through brick walls, it is better to install ventilation ducts during the construction process, so as not to have to deal with labor-intensive and expensive drilling later. Use templates made of cardboard or wood during the laying process so that all air ducts have the same cross-section. Lay out the inside of the air duct with solid bricks, carefully sealing all joints.

To bring the ventilation outlet to the roof of a private house, you can use asbestos-cement pipes. They are connected to the ventilation duct in the wall and carefully secured, cementing the entire structure.

Important! Make sure that the cross-section at the joints of the ventilation duct does not change. To do this, remove excess solution and make sure that the inner surface of the air duct is smooth.

And, of course, do not forget about your own safety while working:

do not work on the roof in icy or rainy weather;
if the roof slope is more than 20 degrees, use insurance;
when drilling walls, use a hidden wiring sensor;
When using a jigsaw or drill, use protective glasses and gloves.

How to choose pipes for ventilation

When choosing pipes, the following basic requirements should be taken into account:

section size;
heat resistance;
tightness;
compliance with sanitary standards.

Round pipes are an easily available material with good aerodynamics. Most often, ventilation in a private house is made from sewer pipes. Air ducts with a square and rectangular cross-section are more difficult to find, but you can make them yourself from a stainless steel sheet. It is easier to install such pipes for ventilation in private houses in right angles and under the ceiling.

Now about the pipe material. Galvanized steel air ducts are resistant to corrosion and temperature changes. Stainless steel is suitable for hoods in “hot” rooms – boiler rooms and kitchens. A plastic vent hood is the cheapest option and is ideal for wet areas.

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