Electricity in SNT. How to deal with theft and losses online? Company "software service" Land plots and property SNT

Light / Electricity in SNT

Fair electricity metering has always been and will be a sore subject for any electricity consumer. This problem becomes especially relevant in horticultural non-profit partnerships (SNT) and other associations of private home owners, where serious “battles” often take place over fair payment. It is no secret that in SNT, where the owner becomes the full owner of not only the plot and house, but also his internal networks, it is possible to connect to the wires to the meter, which is what “savvy” gardeners use.

Nonsense, you say! Is it really possible to steal a lot?! And you will be wrong. Because you can really do a lot! For example, when using an electric heater in winter. And not in one, but in several houses. But payment for all unmetered electricity falls in equal shares on all members of the partnership. Those. someone uses many times more, but everyone pays for them!!! The amounts can be really large. If so, you should seriously look into the problem. Let's start, as usual, from afar.

Electricity in SNT. Main problems

In 2008, the reform of the Russian energy industry was completed. One of its consequences was significantly more serious requirements for electricity metering at the balance sheet boundary between the electricity consumer and the power grid organization. Electricity network and generating company, etc. It can be said more simply. Now accounting must be organized where it should have been and where it was not and in many cases is not until now. Or there is electricity metering, but it is not organized properly.

This cannot be done without creating automated electricity metering systems within one “consumer” (object). The dispatcher's automated workstation (AWS) allows you not only to view the current readings of all electricity meters at all current tariffs at any time, but also access the archive of energy consumption of any of the devices. Analyze electricity consumption for a certain period of time, remotely change the tariff schedule of the device, etc.

Speaking more down to earth, many years of experience in the electricity metering market allows us to formulate two main problems facing SNT: theft (theft) of electricity and real losses of electricity in networks.

Electricity in SNT. Network losses

Just a few words about the “second” problem. With correct and high-quality installation of the 0.4 kV distribution network within the SNT itself, and our experience shows this, the volume of losses ranges from 3% to 6% of the total energy consumption.

Often, SNT managers talk about a significant under-accounting of electricity or a significant imbalance between the readings of the electricity meter located at the input of the SNT transformer substation and the total amount of energy consumption according to the readings of the meters used by SNT members. As a rule, the reason is immediately indicated - unauthorized (unmetered) energy consumption by members of the gardening partnership.

At the same time, the condition of 0.4 kV networks is not taken into account at all, losses in which in some cases can amount to up to 100% of the amount of imbalance that “forces” SNT managers to contact our company to perform automation work accounting for electricity consumption and ultimately identifying points of “theft” of electricity. Often, however, the true reasons for the imbalance are found elsewhere. And if we talk about the causes of losses in 0.4 kV distribution networks, the main ones are as follows:

• reduced wire cross-section
• poor quality connections
• "misalignment" of the load by phase
• unsatisfactory condition of the circuit along the neutral wire
• “irrationality” in the construction of the networks themselves.

Electricity in SNT. Theft, also known as theft, of electricity

Now a little more about the theft of electricity in SNT and methods of “combat” this phenomenon. Of course, one of the main measures to counter “theft” is the installation of an electricity meter before entering the house of each of the SNT members in a place or conditions that exclude the possibility of electricity theft.

In addition, it should be possible to read information remotely from each of the installed devices - after all, in many cases, SNT managers insist that electricity metering devices be mounted at a height of several meters from ground level on a 0.4 kV line support. Let's assume that such work has been completed in SNT. And the “imbalance” between the readings of the input electricity meter (for the entire SNT as a whole) and the total volume of electricity consumption of all members of the SNT remains significant. What's next?

Electricity in SNT: localization of problem areas of the network

Of course, miracles do not happen, and most likely the reason for this is significant losses along the 0.4 kV network. This means that now the task is to identify points of energy loss and, accordingly, minimize losses. How to achieve this?

As a rule, a 0.4 kV distribution network is a fairly branched system, with taps, “branches”, etc. To effectively control energy consumption, it is necessary to determine “control” points, as a rule, these are tap locations on the lines. It is advisable to install additional electricity meters in them, which will account for electricity by consumer groups. Of course, the installation locations for these additional metering devices must be provided for in the project for the creation of an automated electricity metering system for SNT, which takes into account the existing configuration of the 0.4 kV line.

Having the readings of electricity meters at “control” points and the readings of the “input” device, it is already possible to analyze the “pattern” of energy consumption for a specific period of time. And then - with a sufficient degree of probability to localize one or another “problem” section of the 0.4 kV line where losses occur.

A fair question would be why is it necessary to install additional “control” devices for a group or groups of consumers? After all, the total readings for one or another “branch” of a 0.4 kV line can be obtained simply by adding up the readings of all metering devices in this group. The answer is simple - it may very well be that within this particular group there are significant discrepancies between the readings of the control device for the group and the total electricity consumption of individual consumers. Having identified it, we localize the area where there are significant losses of electricity.

Thus, by creating an automated electricity metering system within SNT, the gardening partnership receives for itself a powerful tool that not only provides control over the energy consumption of SNT members, but also allows, with sufficiently high accuracy, to identify places where electricity is lost and, ultimately, to monitor the condition the distribution network itself is 0.4 kV within SNT.

Electricity in SNT - consumption calculation

Now a few words about payments for electrical energy. In the relationship between SNT and the energy sales organization, everything is quite simple. As a rule, calculations are made according to the readings of an electrical energy meter, located on the border of balance and operational responsibility between SNT and the electric grid company, mounted in a switchgear at the input of a 0.4 kV power line or in a 10 kV switchgear of a transformer substation.

As for the SNT members, they make settlements with the SNT board based on the readings of electrical energy meters, which are located in separate areas. It is advisable to divide the losses of electrical energy, which occur in any case (as mentioned above - from 3% to 6% of the volume of energy consumption) in accordance with the number of plots in the SNT by their owners. The decision on how exactly to pay for losses in SNT distribution networks is made by the general meeting of SNT members.

This is one side of the issue. But there is another way - the process described above is quite possible to automate. Connect SNT metering devices into a single network and receive the necessary data online. The most obvious, as they say, on the surface way to do this is to “connect” all electrical energy metering devices in SNT using a “wired” information highway using one or another protocol. However, this decision may come with significant financial costs. The large territorial dispersion of sites within one SNT can make the creation of a system based on wired information highways simply unprofitable.

It is more acceptable to create an information system using PLC technology. Those. transmission of meter readings via 0.4 kV power wires without the use of additional information cables. Readings from all metering devices are collected in the concentrator and stored there until the accumulated information is collected. Data on the consumption of all members of the SNT can be displayed in a form convenient for use, for example, as a table on a computer monitor.

Electricity supply in SNT. Some results

Naturally, it is simply impossible to immediately talk about all the intricacies of organizing the energy supply of such a specific object as a gardening partnership within the confines of one article. However, we tried to place the main accents. It is important to understand that all problems can be solved! There are the necessary legal and technological tools for this.

Their use makes it possible to abandon inspection raids and calls to conscience from dishonest gardeners. If a persistent defaulter appears, you can teach him a lesson - disconnect him from the power grid for a while until payment is received. If one of the SNT members decides to switch to a two- or three-rate tariff and pay for electricity based on the time of day, this is also feasible.

The main thing is the presence of an agreed policy in the field of energy supply developed by the members of the association of owners and a detailed program of actions for its implementation. And for this, of course, it is necessary that the members of the SNT are not just neighbors, but like-minded people. But this, of course, is a topic for a completely different article.

The volume of actual electricity losses in gardening non-profit partnerships (SNT) can reach 30% of the individual consumption of each individual subscriber. The reason for this is a combination of three factors: poor quality networks, unreliable metering and theft of electricity. Consistent elimination of these problems will reduce the level of actual losses to the standard level - 5% of total electricity consumption within SNT networks.

Technical losses of electricity in SNT distribution networks

Formulation of the problem

Technical losses of electrical energy in 0.4 kV distribution networks are an inevitable phenomenon. According to the Joule-Lenz Line Law, the resistance of the wire converts some of the electricity into heat. These are standard losses that are included in the tariff. In a properly functioning distribution network, their level does not exceed 2-5% of the total volume of transmitted electricity. Losses of up to 10% of total consumption are considered the maximum acceptable. With this indicator, no urgent measures are taken.

The problem arises if technical losses increase sharply compared to the standard value. In SNT distribution networks, the increase in standard losses is caused by the following factors:

• reduced wire cross-section;
• physical wear and tear of electrical equipment in the network;
• poor quality connections;
• “distortion” of the load across phases;
• unsatisfactory condition of the circuit along the neutral wire;
• increasing the length of networks by connecting new ones
• subscribers;
• errors made during the design or installation of networks.

Finding a solution

1. Calculate standard electricity losses in SNT networks.
2. Check the condition of the electrical equipment of the networks: transformer, cables, connections.
3. Make sure that the networks are laid in accordance with the design.

Project implementation

1. Reconstruct the network: replace the faulty transformer, install new wires, replace electrical connections. Don't skimp on the quality of cables and other equipment. The wires must be of the same cross-section throughout the entire length of the network. It is better if these are self-supporting insulating wires (SIP) in double insulation. Such wires give off less heat and interfere with unauthorized withdrawal of electricity from the power line, bypassing the meter.
2. Optimize your power distribution design.
3. Establish reliable commercial accounting.
4. After reconstructing the networks, submit an application to the energy supply organization to accept the networks into operation. During the acceptance process, the power industry will re-measure the parameters of the power transmission line, calculate the standard loss coefficient and approve it at the Regional Energy Commission (REC).

With correct and high-quality installation of the 0.4 kV distribution network, technical losses in SNT networks return to the level of the standard indicator.

Inaccurate electricity metering in SNT

Formulation of the problem

Despite the adoption of the law “On Energy Saving,” the organization of reliable electricity metering remains a pressing problem for SNT managers. Often there is a significant under-accounting of electricity or an imbalance between the readings of the calculated meter located at the input of the SNT transformer substation and the total amount of energy consumption according to the readings of the individual electricity meters of the partnership participants.

Modern metering devices provide an error of ±2%. The error of old general and individual meters is higher due to outdated technologies and wear of parts. Such meters are prone to “self-propelling”, when the counting mechanism continues to rotate even when the load is turned off. In addition, it is easier to exert external influence on outdated metering devices in order to distort the readings.

Finding a solution

1. Make sure that individual and general utility meters have no visible damage to the casing or signs of breaking the control seal.
2. Check that certified metering devices with a valid state verification period are installed at the sites.
3. Check the serviceability of individual metering devices that are suspicious. To do this, turn off all power-consuming equipment in the garden. A working induction electric meter will complete no more than one revolution in 10 minutes without load, and a modern electronic meter will consume no more than 5 watts per hour required to power it.

Project implementation

Replace all metering devices that do not meet current requirements for metering mechanisms.

Unmetered electricity consumption in SNT

Formulation of the problem

SNT participants have full access to the network section on their farms, and “savvy” gardeners often take advantage of the technical opportunity to connect to the line to the meter. At the same time, payment for all unmetered electricity falls on all SNT participants in equal shares. In everyday life, this phenomenon is called “electricity theft,” or, in a very simple way, theft.

Some gardeners also use more resourceful methods of unaccountable consumption, most of which are based on interfering with the operation of metering devices.

Finding a solution

To identify thefts, an inspection of garden plots and consumption analysis for each of them will be required.

1. Check the condition of networks, meters, and the presence of bypass lines. Transformers for twisting readings can be connected to the meter through poor insulation without damaging the seal. Therefore, pay attention to the presence of bare sections of wire close to the meter.
2. Study consumption statistics for each site. If consumption on the site remains at a low level during the irrigation period, when electric water pumps are actively operating, or during the heating season, the subscriber may be “stealing” the energy resource.
3. Pay attention to the correspondence of external factors to the test results. For example, consumption readings may not be low if the house is heated with oil-fired electric heaters.

Pay special attention to surveying large consumers connected to SNT networks: shops, workshops, farms. As judicial practice shows, they most often resort to illegal methods of “optimizing” energy consumption.

Project implementation

Metering devices for consumers who come under suspicion must be dismantled to conduct a trace examination. This will make it possible to unambiguously establish the fact of interference in the operation of the meter, or to refute it.

The only way to manipulate the metering device, which cannot be recorded by experts, is to stop the counting mechanism with a neodymium magnet. The magnetic field of this device is strong enough to block the counter and leaves no trace. To avoid using a magnet to stop the meter, stick a magnetic field indicator seal on its body. This will make it possible not only to stop “magnetic theft”, but also to prove its fact in court.

A more effective, but expensive way to stop energy theft is to install an automatic electricity metering system (ASCAE).

The chairmen of the SNT perceive the organization of electricity metering on the poles of 0.4 kV overhead lines as a panacea for the theft of energy resources. Yes, this method reduces the possibility of unmetered consumption, eliminates the error of outdated metering devices and allows crawlers to monitor readings at any time. But such a decision contradicts the Electricity Metering Rules, which clearly states that an electrical energy meter can only be installed indoors. In other words, it is illegal. The chairmen of dacha cooperatives may not know about this. But this is known for sure to entrepreneurs who earn good money by installing electricity meters on poles or facades of houses. The only correct, legal and effective solution to combat unmetered consumption is the installation of ASKUE. Jan Kalish, Chief Power Engineer of Asset Management Center LLC

Amount of fines for electricity theft

In order to hold an unscrupulous consumer accountable for the theft of electricity, it is necessary to draw up an act on unaccounted consumption of energy resources. The court will hold violators administratively liable under Art. 7.19 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. According to the court decision, the “enterprising” gardener will be fined and monetary compensation for unaccounted consumption, which will be accrued from the date of the last check of the meter according to the current standard.

The current fines for unaccounted consumption are:

• from 3 thousand to 4 thousand rubles for individuals;
• from 6 thousand to 8 thousand rubles for officials;
• from 60 thousand to 80 thousand rubles for legal entities.

If theft is detected on an especially large scale, the violators will be prosecuted under Art. 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In this case, the consumer will pay a fine of up to 300 thousand rubles, or in the amount of income for two years. The maximum punishment is forced labor or imprisonment for two years with a fine of up to 80 thousand rubles.

Prevention of commercial electricity losses in SNT networks

The introduction of ASKUE will make it possible to comprehensively solve the problems of losses in SNT. This technology eliminates factors that influence the increase in actual losses in the network:

1. Excessive technical losses in 0.4 kV distribution networks. ASKUE with high accuracy identifies areas of technical losses of electricity and effectively monitors the condition of the network itself.
2. Inaccurate accounting of consumed electrical energy. ASKUE provides full control over the energy consumption of all SNT participants in real time.
3. Unaccounted consumption of energy resources. ASKUE records any attempts to influence the operation of metering devices in normal mode and remotely limit the energy consumption of the violating gardener.

In addition, ASKUE allows SNT participants to switch to a multi-tariff system for metering consumed electricity, which will provide additional savings for each gardening farm.

Thus, the introduction of ASKUE systems is an effective means of preventing an increase in actual electricity losses in SNT networks.

ASKUE for SNT based on LPWAN technology,
without wires or hubs.

In this article I want to give an overview of my new program, which will be useful to the chairmen, power engineers of SNT and other similar organizations where there are many sub-subscribers. With the help of the program, paying for electricity will become much easier.

I already have a similar program:

But that program was made for a specific enterprise and, I must admit, is not suitable for everyone.

My new program has become simpler, more convenient and more functional.

For example, you have a transformer substation where general electricity metering is installed. Using this meter, you need to pay the energy supply organization. Each sub-subscriber has its own counter. But, if you add up the readings of all sub-subscriber meters, the sum will be less than the readings of the main electricity meter. This occurs due to losses in overhead (cable) power lines.

How to take into account the line losses of each sub-subscriber A?

The most accurate way is to provide 2 counters on each line: at the beginning and at the end of the line. But, in real conditions, this is almost impossible to do, and why would you need extra counters?

In my program I took a different path. I distribute electricity losses evenly depending on the electricity consumed. I think this method is the fairest and simplest. This method allows you to distribute absolutely all electricity losses. Other calculation methods will not do this.

At the same time, you must understand that losses are different at each moment in time. The more loaded the cable, the greater the loss of electricity. In other words, if you consume all the power in 1 day, then the losses will be greater than if you consume the same power evenly throughout the entire month.

Now let's move directly to the program.

First page: input of initial data.

All initial data for all metering devices is recorded here. The readings of the main accounting and the readings of all sub-accountants are recorded.

For a more detailed overview of the program, watch the video:

I should note that this program is not included in my software package and is adapted for each object. To receive the program, contact me on the page

Question: The gardening partnership pays for electricity according to the meter. But after the meter, here’s what: consumers + transformer idling + losses in wires + theft. For this reason, the partnership is forced to approve an inflated “internal” tariff, otherwise it simply won’t make ends meet.

Answer: SNT (SPK, DSK, etc.) does not have the right to accept payments from its gardeners for consumed electricity at a tariff other than that established in the constituent entity of the Russian Federation. If the SNT, represented by the chairman or board of the general meeting, itself decides to establish a tariff at which it will collect money for the electrical energy consumed by gardeners, then this SNT commits at least two offenses for which criminal and administrative liability is provided. The FTS of Russia and the FAS of Russia have already given official clarifications on this issue several times; the media regularly publishes information about the courts and bringing SNT to justice on this issue.

It should be noted that the FTS of Russia also clarified at what tariff gardeners must pay for the electrical energy they consume - at the tariff for urban residents without electric stoves.

Losses that occur in SNT networks and transformer substations must be included in membership fees and distributed evenly among all SNT members.

Question: The sound of a word is not higher than its meaning. It doesn’t matter what we call it: “internal tariff” or tariff + a piece of the membership fee. The meaning remains the same, that is, gardeners pay for the electricity spent on heating the wires, etc. They do not prosecute people for terminology, the only exception being, perhaps, cases of insult.

Answer: The only difference is that accounting for losses in membership fees is within the framework of the law, but the approval by the assembly of the “internal tariff” is outside the framework. The Law “On Electric Power Industry” 35-FZ clearly assigns the powers to set electricity tariffs to the jurisdiction of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Terminology is very important. Write in the minutes of the meeting that you have set a “tariff” - you will break the law, exceed your authority.

Question: In my deep conviction, it is completely wrong to include wire losses in membership fees. Then these losses are paid in equal shares by all members of the SNT. And those who are heated by three heating elements at once, and those who simply do not have electricity. This is injustice.

Answer: The power consumed by the consumer and the amount of losses are not directly related things. A house with a power consumption of 30 kW may be located 30 meters from the transformer, and the losses in the network section from the transformer to this house may be 0.1% of its consumption. And another house, which consumes 5 kW of power, may be located a kilometer from the transformer, and the losses from the transmission of electricity to this house will be 5%. According to the “internal tariff”, the one who is not to blame for the formation of losses, but is only to blame for the fact that he consumes electricity more than others, will have to pay for the losses that occurred from feeding other consumers. Both options have pros and cons, so fairness in this matter is very conditional.

Question: Both methods of accounting for losses in the partnership’s electrical networks (inclusion of losses in membership fees or “internal” tariff) have their drawbacks. So, there is no ideal option for accounting losses for gardening partnerships?

Answer: There is an opportunity to completely avoid problems with losses that arise in networks of gardening partnerships.

Option 1. The gardening partnership transfers its electrical networks to the network company (sells it, transfers it under a lease agreement, etc.). Each member of the gardening partnership (as a consumer) enters into an energy supply agreement with a supplier of last resort (the energy retailer that services the given territory), and independently pays for its consumption according to the readings of its meter. In this case, the gardening partnership does not pay for anything at all; the network company itself maintains the electrical network transferred to it. Electricity losses in the network in this case are taken into account in the tariff for electricity transmission services for the network company.

Option 2. The horticultural partnership submits an application to the executive authority of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation in the field of state regulation of tariffs to establish a tariff for electricity transmission services, and receives such a tariff for its networks. In the future, the network company superior to the gardening partnership will pay the gardening partnership at this tariff for the service of transmitting electrical energy via SNT networks to the gardeners' homes. Electricity losses will be taken into account as part of the costs when calculating the tariff for electricity transmission services. Each member of the SNT in this option also enters into a direct agreement with the guaranteeing supplier serving the given territory, and pays for its electricity consumption to the guaranteeing supplier directly, according to the readings of its meter.

Question: Do I understand the second option correctly, that gardeners pay energy sales according to the tariff, and energy sales also returns part of the money to gardening for transmitting electricity through the partnership network to the home of each gardener? But energy sales won’t like this.

Answer: You understand correctly, and it makes absolutely no difference to the sales company. Because the sales company already pays for the transmission services provided by the network companies. Now in each region there is a “boiler” payment scheme for electric energy transmission services. Sales companies collect money from consumers (for example, 4 rubles per kWh), pay the cost of generating electricity to the electricity market (say, 2 rubles out of 4) and pay transmission services to the “boiler holder” in the region (the largest grid company) ( 1.5 rubles out of 4). Of the cost of 1 kWh (4 rubles), the remaining 0.5 rubles. - this is the money of the sales company (sales allowance of the guaranteeing supplier). The “boiler holder”, who receives payment from all sales companies for all services of all network companies in the region (at a single “boiler” tariff), of the money received from sales keeps part of it for himself (for the maintenance of his electrical networks), and transfers part to other network companies which Below him on the lines are. In its simplest form, the diagram looks like this. I must say that our country is huge, and in different regions the above scheme may become more complicated and look different, but the essence will remain the same.

Question: If the partnership receives a transmission tariff, it means that gardening is an electrical network organization. Is it acceptable to consider a gardening partnership in this status?

Answer: On the question of whether gardening can be called an electrical grid, I answer that it can. The legislation calls a network company that provides electricity transmission services any person (including an individual or an entrepreneur without forming a legal entity) who owns or disposes of electric grid facilities under the law established by law (and these are networks, transformer substations and distribution substations), through which electrical energy is supplied (flows) to other persons (anyone, i.e. both individuals and legal entities). That is why, from the point of view of antimonopoly legislation and legislation on state regulation of tariffs, if gardening owns networks and a transformer substation, gardening is a network company with all the ensuing rights and obligations.

Question: The power grid organization must also issue technical conditions for technological connection. Law 66 does not provide for any electrical specialists in horticulture. How will the chairman of the board draw up these technical conditions? Every second chairman, puzzled by such a topic, will get a nervous breakdown.

Answer: Yes, when contacted by a consumer who wants to connect to SNT networks, SNT will be obliged to issue technical specifications to such a consumer. Moreover, an individual with a connected power of up to 15 kW will need to connect for 550 rubles, by virtue of the law. If SNT avoids issuing technical specifications, I would recommend immediately contacting the territorial body of the FAS Russia so that this issue can be resolved within the framework of the law.

If there is not enough power of the transformer substations, the legislation establishes the procedure for increasing the power of substations. From January 1, 2011, all costs for increasing the capacity of substations are compensated by tariffs for services for the transmission of electrical energy, through the approval of investment programs by network organizations in the manner established by the Government of the Russian Federation and their implementation. In addition, the lost income of network companies from providing preferential conditions for connecting consumers with a connected capacity of less than 15 kW should also be taken into account as part of the tariff for electric energy transmission services.

Regarding the fact that the chairmen do not want to deal with this, this is a separate topic for discussion. In our country, to my regret, very often the chairmen of gardening associations are professionally unfit to perform their duties. However, the law is the same for everyone, and it must be observed. Otherwise, we are doomed to vegetate in the state in which most SNTs are now: no documents for land, no normal roads or electricity, a complete mess with finances and various frauds.

In my understanding, SNT, just like any other organization, requires competent management, and the experience of my gardening confirms that SNT can exist without problems with collecting payments for electricity, theft of electricity, normal roads, and for all this members do not pay crazy amounts of money .

Question: Let’s say a member of the partnership comes to the board who did not pay the target contribution for the poles. The board is obliged to connect it for 550 rubles? And I’m not talking about an individual who is not a member of the partnership, I’m talking about a defaulting member.

Answer: Yes, I must. And even if a person comes from outside, he must connect. From my point of view, the board should rejoice, since there is a real opportunity to increase the capacity of the partnership’s transformer substation. After all, if a partnership has a transmission tariff and receives funds from this tariff for the maintenance of its networks, the emergence of a new consumer is an ideal basis for launching the procedure for approving an investment program. After the investment program is agreed upon and taken into account in the transmission tariff, SNT will have funds to increase the capacity of the substation. Moreover, not at the expense of the gardeners’ wallet, but at the expense of the electricity transmission tariff.

Question: Can a gardening partnership be both an electrical network and a consumer at the same time? It turns out that when gardeners come together, they are the power grid, and when they disperse, they are consumers. This is just some kind of hoax.

Answer: It is possible to be a consumer and a network company at the same time. Many large and medium-sized enterprises simultaneously combine both of these statuses, since electrical energy flows through their electrical networks and substations to other consumers, while at the same time they themselves consume electrical energy for their production needs.

Question: Do gardeners have the right to enter into contracts with energy sales companies for the consumption of electricity on their own behalf? Or can only a gardening partnership, as a legal entity, enter into such an agreement with an energy retailer?

Answer: According to the FAS Russia, if the decision to conclude an energy supply agreement was made at a general meeting or a board meeting, and this decision is recorded in the minutes of this meeting, then gardeners do not have the right to enter into a direct agreement with sales. If such a decision is not reflected in the minutes of meetings or boards, it has the right. A gardener who has left the gardening community has the right to enter into a direct agreement with sales or resolve this issue within the framework of an agreement with the gardening industry. But there is a hidden pitfall here.

To conclude a direct contract, the gardener must submit for sale:
- two energy supply contracts filled out by the gardener (consumer) and signed by him (the form is written, sample forms are available on sales websites, you can pick up the form at the sales office for free);
- a project for the energy supply of a house (plot) agreed upon by the network company to which the consumer is connected (in our case, agreed with SNT), indicating the connected power, to which must be attached an act of technological connection to the networks, signed between the gardener and SNT, as well as an act of delimitation of operational responsibility and balance sheet, signed by the gardener and SNT, the acts indicate the type, model, serial number and readings of the meter that the gardener has;
- conclusion of the State Energy Supervision Authority (Rostekhnadzor) that the energy receiving devices comply with safety requirements (given by the inspector who comes upon the application).

The sales company (supplier of last resort) does not have the right to refuse to conclude an agreement with a consumer - an individual. After receiving the above documents, the sales company is obliged to send the consumer 1 copy of the energy supply agreement signed on its part within 15 days. If you don’t send it, you can contact the territorial division of the FAS of Russia; the law establishes significant fines for evading a guaranteeing supplier from concluding a contract.

Question: Somewhere on the Internet I read about a gardener (or even a group of gardeners) who wanted to enter into a direct agreement. Energosbyt did not even object, but made it a condition that a telemetric meter be installed. Since the telemetry meter turned out to be expensive, the matter stopped.

Answer: The demands of sales companies to install any meters, with or without a GPRS channel, or allowing readings to be taken remotely, is an unauthorized initiative of sales companies, not based on legal norms. Electricity meters are certified for use on the territory of the Russian Federation by an authorized government agency, and not by sales companies. The consumer himself has the right to decide which meter to install, depending on his financial situation. The main thing is that the electric meter must be certified by an authorized body, which will be indicated in the meter’s passport.

Question: Inspectors will go crazy looking for metering devices installed, in fact, without an address. It seems that the demand of the energy sales company to install telemetric meters by gardeners who want to enter into contracts with the energy sales company directly.

Answer: Each property has an address. And for your garden plot it is also there, and it is registered in your land documents. Moreover, local governments have long been assigning a postal address upon the application of any property owner. How the sales company's controllers will take readings is the problem of the sales company. She receives a tariff (sales allowance) for her activities, the calculation of which also takes into account the costs of paying inspectors, traveling by car, and purchasing these cars. The vast majority of sales companies complain about their financial situation, but if you look at their financial statements on official websites, you will find that they are very profitable. I would even say that they are very, very profitable.

In most regions of the country, since January 1, 2011, tariffs are regulated only for the population, and for other consumers market prices are used, and this further helps to improve the financial situation of energy companies, including sales companies.

Question: Even if a gardener has left the partnership, he is still attached to gardening, because a special law is applied in gardening matters - Federal Law-66. And it says that an individual gardener uses common property for a fee. The individual pays to the gardener for the use of the electricity grid, and to the retailer for the electricity. It turns out that the individual pays twice, and he cannot achieve happiness.

Answer: Federal Law 66-FZ regulates only the activities of gardening associations of citizens; it does not regulate legal relations in the areas of the electric power industry, state regulation of tariffs and control of natural monopolies. It should be noted that the provisions of 66-FZ in no way contradict the legislation in these areas.

In the case of concluding a direct agreement with the distributor for the use of the partnership’s electrical network, the individual does not have to pay the partnership absolutely anything! The individual pays the sales company for the consumed electricity at the final tariff, which includes everything: the cost of generation, the cost of transmission services and the sales markup of the guaranteeing supplier (sales company). And the sales company itself is obliged to regulate all relations with network companies.

SNT, which owns the networks, and in the case of an individual, has the right to decide whether it wants to receive a tariff for the transmission of electricity and, at the expense of this tariff, maintain its electrical networks, or not receive a tariff for transmission services, and, accordingly, not receive and money for their services, i.e. independently, at their own expense, maintain their networks, and provide services for the transmission of electrical energy for free.

Andrei Gromov answered the questions,
Member of the Board of the SPK "Rodnichok", Moscow region.

Questions were asked by D. Okhapkin

February 2011

Collection of payments for electricity in SNT and GSK is, as a rule, one of the sore topics for the chairman and accountant. The share of payments for electricity in the total cost estimate is steadily growing year after year and losses are increasing. There are many reasons: increased tariffs, increased consumption, under-metering, theft of electricity, etc. Let’s take a closer look at the structure of losses and options for solving the problem.

For a typical SNT (700 plots of 6 acres, two package transformer stations, two wells, a board, a caretaker’s house), the structure of payments and electricity consumption is as follows: (average values ​​are given)

— payment to the energy sales organization for common meters installed at the package transformer substation – 800 thousand rubles. in year

— technical losses in lines and transformers, determined by their design, are approximately 6%

— expenses for pump operation, guards’ accommodation and entrance lighting, approximately 100 thousand rubles. per year (12.5%)

— PAYMENT RECEIVED from members of the array and other consumers – 400 thousand rubles. per year (at best!)

TOTAL LOSSES from non-collection of payments, under-accounting and theft of electricity exceed 30% and in monetary terms amount to OVER 250 thousand rubles ANNUALLY!!! The calculation is approximate, but in general the picture is exactly the same, and sometimes even much worse!

This shortfall is distributed evenly among ALL members of the array and is paid from general contributions! Those who suffer the most in this situation are pensioners and citizens who have small consumption (a shed on the site, or do not live) - they are forced to pay for theft in large houses and the unsatisfactory organization of work by the management.

There are cases when, at a general meeting, gardeners with low consumption, after reading the report of the audit commission, directly pose questions to the chairman:

- WHY should I pay 500 rubles - in general contributions, for those who steal?

- What have you done - Dear Chairman, to reduce losses, what specific measures have been taken?

— How much was collected for connections without a meter, how many acts were drawn up over the last TWO years?

Unfortunately, when the chairman and accountant are not interested in organizing transparent accounting, then there are no answers to these questions. As a result, issues are not resolved for years and losses amount to hundreds of thousands of rubles.

To solve this problem, we will consider the steps to organize high-quality accounting - we will draw a version of the “ideal” picture. And the chairman and the board will decide locally which of the above to implement in practice :)
To reduce energy losses you need to:

1. Conduct a walk-through and enter the counters into the computer database! (not in the electrician’s notebook or card). You should also enter technical parameters: meter number, type, value, parameters of current transformers, verification dates, seal numbers, inspection dates, photos of objects, meters, etc. (program for SNT “Accounting-SNT-GSK”, website: http://snt-gsk.rf/ see below).

2. Record the state of accounting, unmetered consumption and facts of theft of electricity with acts and photographs - the latter is especially important!

4. Collect reports: who stole and did not pay the acts, who does not install meters and does not eliminate accounting violations, who has low consumption and a large house, who has not had an audit for more than 1-2-3 years, who has expired accounting verification deadlines etc. and so on. IMPORTANT POINT: Reports must be collected regularly, and NOT ONCE once a year - by manually sorting through cards.

5. Control the consumption of large loads (shops, construction, purchase accounting, etc.) calculate - record consumption volumes and issue invoices (and, for example, issue an advance - for those who live in winter).

6. Carry out disconnections for debtors, non-payers, and persons convicted of stealing electricity, in compliance with the norms of current legislation.

7. To carry out claims work on debts, accruals (distribution of claims, pre-trial notices, filed claims, reflecting the history in the program) to work with debtors, you can use your ready-made printed forms of documents and easily organize all the collection work yourself, use the services of a lawyer only for consultations and if necessary.

It is practically impossible to do all this work manually for more than 100 object counters! And with the help of a special program, it is EASY to do! For example, a program for SNT, GSK Internet service: “Accounting for SNT-GSK”, website: http://snt-gsk.rf/ created for accounting of objects, counters, owners, charges and payments. Here you will make accruals by area and counters, create an income estimate and a cash book, collect reports for the audit commission, you will also have access to: events on objects with photographs, accounting for work with debtors and many other additional functions:

The next important point: how to carry out work and organize a tour of objects with drawing up inspection and theft reports? To ensure quality and impartiality, this must be done not by your own low-skilled electrician, and by NOT local personnel to eliminate cases of “forgiveness to your own.” ALSO, the inspector should be INTERESTED in finding theft, for example, receive 200 rubles for an inspection report, and 500 rubles for an act with detected theft. or 5-15% of the amount received. Ideally, it is assumed that an agreement will be concluded with THIRD PARTY qualified, responsible electrician inspectors. The total costs of this work for 600 objects can reach up to 120-360 thousand rubles.

Modern seal on the electric meter

Due to the high costs of this work, inspections can begin to be carried out in stages and bypass large consumers first. At the same time, the MAIN THING is to organize the work of recording acts, charging them and monitoring payments, for example, in the “Accounting for SNT-GSK” program, it is easy to collect reports on large consumers and control the payment process; also, scanned images of acts and photographs of identified violations are entered into the program, which allows immediately prove to the gardener the fact of theft and in case of non-payment it is easy to prepare claim documents. Carrying out inspections without recording them in the program often leads to cases where the written acts “stay” in the folder and work on them drags on indefinitely.

To justify the accruals, carry out work to inspect and disconnect non-payers, it is necessary to provide and approve in the minutes of the general meeting the following points: on the mandatory installation of metering devices, on charging for connection without an electric meter, an advance payment - for example for those living in the winter, etc. . We provide ready-made samples of protocols and acts with clauses granting the right to the chairman to carry out inspections and shutdowns that help reduce losses in the premium version of the program.

If work on the array to check records is carried out clearly and systematically, then immediately “word of mouth” begins to work between gardeners and losses begin to decrease significantly.

Sometimes, seeing such a volume of work, an accountant assumes that most of the work will fall on him, and he will have to deal with ALL these issues. This opinion is erroneous - it is the program that can significantly facilitate the work of an accountant and reduce the time for accrual, calculation, acceptance of payments, and compilation of reports. The program provides flexible settings for access rights, for example, entering technical information can be entrusted to an electrician, claims to a lawyer, without the ability to change the accrual and payment. As a result, the accountant’s work will be made easier - you can read more about this in the article: How to organize accounting in SNT, GSK, Online: http://snt-gsk.rf/

The use of the Internet service program “Accounting-SNT-GSK” DOES NOT AFFECT the capabilities of the chairman, accountant to control expenses, payments for services provided and tax optimization, i.e. does not require a revision of existing activities for work carried out in the partnership, but only help to significantly save time and increase revenue.

The main point of using these services is connecting to the Internet! Currently, this is not a problem - the Internet is connected via a modem (or phone) of a cellular operator (MTS, Megafon, Beeline, TELE2, Rostelecom, etc.). To connect, you need to find out which of the cellular operators works well on your array, and then buy a modem at any operator’s store - a device slightly larger than a flash drive, and you will always have Internet. Alternatively, the Internet can be connected to a computer and via a cell phone. Connecting to the Internet allows the chairman and accountant to receive additional useful information :).

Simplicity and ease of learning is the main feature of our program - this is clearly visible in the demonstration and training videos. As a result, the chairman and accountant automate routine activities, are able to quickly collect reports and can manage the array much more efficiently. (By the way, in the premium version of the program for SNT, we have provided ready-to-use samples of technical acts, minutes of the general meeting, orders, notifications, claims for collection, etc. website: http://snt-gsk.rf/)

We have also encountered cases where the chairman is offered the services of local programmers who will now do EVERYTHING QUICKLY :), unfortunately, practice shows that it takes more than one year to formulate such a large task, and it is not possible to quickly create a fully functional program, and the result is As a rule, money is wasted.

By creating the program - the Internet service “Accounting for SNT-GSK”, we actually concentrated the useful practical experience of many arrays in one place and provided it to all our clients. In our development, we relied on the experience of energy sales companies and thoroughly studied the legal and accounting aspects of the current legislation.

Practice shows that when carrying out work to organize electricity metering, losses are significantly reduced and the partnership’s budget increases by tens and hundreds of thousands of rubles!

1. Minutes of the decision of the general meeting with points: on the installation of meters, payment for unmetered consumption, disconnections, switch-on fees, etc.

2. Inspection report - acceptance of the metering unit (electricity meter).

3. Inspection report with an order to replace and move the meter in accordance with the requirements for ensuring correct accounting

4. Acts of unaccounted consumption (theft) of electricity, options No. 1,2,3.

5. Instructions-consultation with a lawyer about disconnections and debt collection.

6. Claims for debt No. 1, No. 2.

7. Pre-trial notice.

8. Claim for debt collection

These documents will help you easily and quickly organize work on metering charges and debt collection, and as a result, the partnership’s budget will significantly increase.

Sincerely,

Head of the Internet service “Accounting SNT-GSK”,

programs for SNT, GSK

Ignatiev Alexey Gennadievich.