Atmosphere. The structure of the atmosphere. Composition of the atmosphere Know new concepts

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Slide captions:

Lesson topic: “Atmosphere: structure, meaning, study.”

LESSON OBJECTIVES: - To form an idea of the meaning of the atmosphere: its role in human life, the composition of the atmosphere, the distinctive features of its layers, methods of studying the atmosphere; - Introduce atmospheric research; - Develop skills and abilities in working with textbook text, drawings, maps, test tasks; - Use Internet resources in class; - Cultivate love for one’s native land.

Atmosphere is the air envelope of the Earth.

Composition of the atmosphere. Air is a mixture of gases. Which ones?

All living things breathe oxygen!

1. What gas is found most in the atmosphere? 2. What percentage of oxygen is in the atmosphere? 3. What gases make up 1% of the atmosphere?

Structure of the Atmosphere

Main properties: THICKNESS DENSITY COMPOSITION TEMPERATURE CHANGE PHENOMENA

What are the layers of the atmosphere? Which layer above the Mayorsky farm is heavily polluted? Where do noctilucent clouds occur? Which layer contains 80% of the air? In what layer of the atmosphere is the sky black? From what layer of the atmosphere does snow and rain fall? What phenomena and processes occur in the upper layers of the atmosphere? QUESTIONS

How does air temperature change as it rises in the troposphere?

CONCLUSION: - The temperature decreases for every kilometer of altitude by about 6º.

SOLVE THE PROBLEM! Option 1: To what altitude did the plane rise if the temperature outside is -30ºС and at the surface of the earth is +12ºС? Option 2: What is the air temperature in the Pamirs, if in July at the foot it is +36ºС? The height of the Pamirs is 6 km.

LET'S CHECK! Option 1: 7 km. Option 2: 6ºС

The meaning of the atmosphere: Umbrella - Greenhouse - Forest - Ozone - From cosmic particles of dust and meteorites Lets in the sun's rays and prevents heat transfer Needed for breathing by all living organisms Protects from harmful ultraviolet radiation

CONCLUSION: The atmosphere is necessary for our planet. Life without her would be impossible.

Tasks to consolidate the material. Game “What is this number?” 2000 km is the thickness of the atmosphere. 78% - nitrogen. 6ºС - decrease in t for every km. 21% - oxygen. 1% - other gases. 17 km is the thickness of the troposphere above the equator. 50-55 km is the upper limit of the stratosphere.

HOMEWORK. § 35, questions and assignments on page 108. Conduct an experiment and write down the results of temperature measurements during the day, from 8.00 to 20.00, every 2 hours in a notebook. Message " Ecological problems your locality" Workbook, pp. 61-62

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Abstract for the presentation

A presentation on the topic "Atmosphere" in geography will help to develop knowledge about the atmosphere. Introduces the greenhouse effect, the ozone shield, and the importance of the atmosphere for our planet. It will help the teacher in conducting the lesson, contains questions to reinforce the material.

Spheres of the earth
Atmospheric composition
Greenhouse effect
Ozone screen
The structure of the atmosphere
The meaning of atmosphere

Format

pptx (powerpoint)

Number of slides

Lemeshkin A.P.

Audience

Words

Abstract

Present

Purpose

To conduct a lesson by a teacher

Slide 1

Presentation for a 6th grade geography lesson

MBOU Lemeshkinskaya secondary school, Volgograd region

Slide 2

We have to answer the questions:

What is the atmosphere?
What does the atmosphere consist of?
What is the structure of the atmosphere?

Slide 3

SPHERES OF THE EARTH

ATMOSPHERE
M.V. Lomonosov 1775

Slide 4

COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Slide 5

GREENHOUSE EFFECT

Carbon dioxide and water vapor “save” the planet’s heat

Slide 6

OZONE SCREEN

Ultraviolet rays Ozone layer

Slide 7

STRUCTURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

55 km
8-18 km
1000 km

Slide 8

Slide 9

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE

Slide 10

ANSWER THE QUESTIONS

What gas is in the air the most?
What air gas is needed for photosynthesis?
What air gas is needed for combustion, decay and respiration?
Why are ozone holes a dangerous phenomenon?
What is the name of the layer of the atmosphere where you and I live?
Why do they take oxygen in cylinders in addition to the fuel supply for flights into the stratosphere?

Slide 11

ARE THE LESSON OBJECTIVES ACHIEVED?

What is the atmosphere?
What does the atmosphere consist of?
What is the structure of the atmosphere?
What is the importance of the atmosphere for our planet?

Slide 12

HOMEWORK

§23 learn, § 24 (pp. 90-91) read
Find information on the Internet about the name of the upper layers of the atmosphere and their characteristics
Bring recordings of air temperature observations to the workshop.

Slide 13

Resources used

Scanned tables from the textbook by V.P. Dronov, L.E. Savelyeva “Geography. Geography" 6th grade - "Bustard", 2007

View all slides

Abstract

Lemeshkin Alexander Petrovich,

Goals:educational –

developing

educational

Equipment

During the classes

Organizing time

Learning new material

Lesson topic: “Atmosphere” ( slide 1)

During the lesson we will answer the questions:

What is the atmosphere called?

What does it consist of?

The structure of the atmosphere.

slide 2)

Lithosphere (define)

slide 3)

Atmospheric composition

slide 4

Oxygen

slide 4, by click)

Carbon dioxide

slide 5, click on it)

Nitrogen

slide 5, click)

Air impurities

Ozone

(slide 6)

solid impurities

The structure of the atmosphere

slide 7

The structure of the atmosphere

*Layers of the atmosphere*	*Upper limit (km)*	*Features of air*	*Presence of moisture and clouds*	*Temperature Features*
Troposphere	8-10 or 16-18 km	Contains 4/5 of all air
Stratosphere		Contains thin air
Upper atmosphere	Approximately 1000 km	There is almost no air	No moisture or clouds

1st group:

2nd group:

3rd group:

4th group:

5th group:

6th group:

Protection against falling meteorites

(slide 9)

Consolidation

Answer the questions (slide 10):

Reflection.

(slide 11)

Homework (slide 12)

Lemeshkin Alexander Petrovich,

Geography teacher MBOU Lemeshkinsky secondary school

Rudnyansky district, Volgograd region

Geography lesson in 6th grade “Atmosphere, its composition, structure and meaning”

Goals:educational – deepen knowledge about the atmosphere, study the composition of the air, the structure of the atmosphere and the characteristics of the layers, the importance of the atmosphere for the nature of the Earth;

developing– develop universal learning activities: the ability to independently set goals and plan work, work with a textbook, fill out tables, analyze, compare;

educational– continue the formation of environmental thinking and interest in natural sciences, develop the ability to work in pairs, evaluate the work of comrades and self-esteem

Equipment: presentation, Handout– tables for self-filling

During the classes

Organizing time

Greeting students, getting ready to work

Learning new material

Determining the topic and objectives of the lesson

Guys, guess the riddle: “We live at the bottom of the ocean. It, like an invisible blanket, surrounds the Earth and creates a shell called ... (atmosphere).”

So what will we study in today's lesson?

Lesson topic: “Atmosphere” ( slide 1)

What exactly will we need to learn about the atmosphere? Suggest your options for lesson objectives

During the lesson we will answer the questions:

What is the atmosphere called?

What does it consist of?

The structure of the atmosphere.

The importance of the atmosphere for the Earth. (Lesson objectives open at slide 2)

Definition of "atmosphere"

What is atmosphere? (listening different versions, choose the best one and write it down in a notebook)

Atmosphere is the air envelope of the Earth. This term was proposed by M.V. Lomonosov in 1775.

Guys, what other shells of the Earth do you know?

Lithosphere (define)

Hydrosphere (define) (open slide 3)

Atmospheric composition

So, let's move on to studying the composition of the atmosphere. What do you know about this issue?

(Air is a mixture of gases. It consists of oxygen, carbon dioxide (perhaps some of the students will name nitrogen) I open slide 4– diagram on click. I wonder what the composition of the atmosphere is and what proportion each gas occupies in the atmosphere?

For a few minutes we will turn into chemists of the 17th and 18th centuries studying this question.

Oxygen

Air is invisible, so how can we prove that it contains oxygen? (If there were no oxygen, there would be no breathing or combustion)

How to determine what part of the air is oxygen? (Phosphorus, the combustion products of which are not gaseous, was burned under a glass bell lowered into a bowl of water. The water in the bell rose by 1/5. What% of oxygen is in the air? That’s right, 20%, or more precisely, 21%) ( slide 4, by click)

Carbon dioxide

How do we prove that there is carbon dioxide in the air? (Living things release it when they breathe; if it were not there, plants would not have photosynthesis) Do you think there is a lot of carbon dioxide in the air? (Little) Why? (It is absorbed by plants) That's right, there is very little carbon dioxide in the air, only 0.03%. How are carbon dioxide stores replenished, other than by breathing? (Fuel burning and volcanic eruptions)

At the dawn of our planet, the ratio of atmospheric gases was completely different. There was a lot of carbon dioxide, but there was no oxygen at all. Why did the composition of the atmosphere change? (Living creatures appeared, plants changed the composition of the atmosphere)

Carbon dioxide, in addition to participating in photosynthesis, plays another important role on Earth: together with water vapor, it retains heat in the atmosphere (a story about the greenhouse effect, slide 5, click on it)

Nitrogen

So, oxygen in the atmosphere is 21%, carbon dioxide is 0.03%, but what gas occupies most of the atmosphere? Find information in the textbook in Fig. 80 (Nitrogen, its 78%) ( slide 5, click)

Nitrogen literally means “lifeless.” The scientist who discovered it in the atmosphere put a mouse under a cap with nitrogen, and it died. Why did the mouse die? (There was no oxygen). It is now argued that nitrogen, on the contrary, is one of the most important elements in living things. Without it there would be no proteins or DNA. Nitrogen from the air is captured by soil bacteria and converted into salts, and plants absorb it from the soil through their roots.

Air impurities

What else is included in the atmosphere? Almost 1% of some gases remain. Find information in the text of the textbook. (These are water vapor and ozone)

Ozone - this is modified oxygen, its molecules consist not of two, but of three atoms.

Using the textbook text, answer the questions: -Where does ozone come from in the atmosphere? (Formed from oxygen during a thunderstorm) - What role does it play? (Forms an ozone layer at an altitude of 20-30 km, this ozone screen protects all living things from the harmful radiation of the sun (I add – UV radiation from the sun, which causes burns and cancer) (slide 6)

What kind of solid particles are in the air? (Of course, this includes dust, plant spores, pollen, and microorganisms. They are called solid impurities air. They play a role along with water vapor in the formation of clouds).

The structure of the atmosphere

On the question of the structure of the atmosphere, its layers and their features, I propose to work independently in pairs with the text on page 89 and figure 82 and after 5 minutes report the result of searching for answers to the questions that I will give you.

Work in pairs (small groups) on questions usingslide 7 , Figure 82 and textbook text on page 89. After 5 minutes of preparation, move on to a discussion, then to filling out the tables yourself, followed by self-testing (slide 8):

The structure of the atmosphere

*Layers of the atmosphere*	*Upper limit (km)*	*Features of air*	*Presence of moisture and clouds*	*Temperature Features*
Troposphere	8-10 or 16-18 km	Contains 4/5 of all air	Contains almost all moisture and a lot of clouds	Decreases with altitude, reaching -550C
Stratosphere		Contains thin air	Very little moisture, almost no clouds	It increases with altitude, reaching 00C
Upper atmosphere	Approximately 1000 km	There is almost no air	No moisture or clouds	Temperature drops with altitude to -2700C

1st group:

What is the name of the lowest layer of the atmosphere? How thick is it at the poles and above the equator? Suggest why the thickness of this layer is different. How is it determined exactly where this layer ends? (Troposphere; at the poles 8-10 km, above the equator 16-18 km. This layer contains 4/5 of all atmospheric air, and the temperature in it decreases with height, reaching -550C at the upper limit. The teacher should add that, for example, 8 km is like from Lemeshkino to Novokrasino, and 18 km to Sadovoy. And the temperature then, for example, in Lemeshkino is 00, and in Sadovoy -550)

2nd group:

Which layer of the atmosphere is called the weather factory? Where is this layer located? Why is it called that? Give two or three pieces of evidence that this is indeed a true statement. (This is the troposphere - the lower layer of the atmosphere. Evidence that the troposphere is a weather factory: 1) This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, so it is responsible for the weather on the surface of the earth 2) All the moisture in the atmosphere is concentrated here, so clouds and precipitation form here. 3) There is a constant movement of air here and a wind is formed that brings cold or warm air.)

3rd group:

What is the second layer of the atmosphere (from the surface of the earth) called? At what height are the top and bottom boundaries of this layer? What signs were used to establish that these are the boundaries of this layer? (This is the stratosphere; the lower limit is from 8 to 18 km, depending on the position above the poles or the equator; the upper limit is at an altitude of 55 km. The boundaries of the troposphere were established according to the following criteria: 1) there is still rarefied air in it 2) there is very there is little water vapor and clouds 3) in it the air temperature increases with altitude from -550 to 00.

4th group:

In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer located? How high above the ground is it located? Why is the ozone layer called the ozone shield? Why can you find signs of living beings below this layer - spores, pollen, microorganisms - but above it there are no signs of life? (The ozone screen is located in the lower part of the stratosphere, at an altitude of 20-30 km. It reflects ultraviolet rays from itself, therefore it is called a protective screen. Above the ozone layer, all living beings burn in ultraviolet radiation)

5th group:

What heats up more – the surface of the earth or the air? In which layer of the atmosphere does the temperature decrease with height? Why? What happens to the air temperature in the next layer of the atmosphere? Why is this happening? (To answer the question, remember that part of the sunlight passes through the atmosphere, and part is reflected from the clouds - see Fig. 83 on page 91) Why is there cosmic cold in the uppermost layers of the atmosphere - temperatures below 2700? (In the troposphere, the temperature decreases with height, since the sun heats the earth more than the air, and the closer to the earth, the more the air from the earth warms up. Above the troposphere, in the stratosphere, it becomes warmer, because some of the sun's rays are reflected from the dense air of the troposphere and from the ozone screen; these rays heat the rarefied air of the stratosphere. At high altitudes there is practically no air, there is a vacuum, and it is not able to absorb the sun's rays and be heated by them.)

6th group:

Using Figure 81, tell us about the importance of the atmosphere on our planet. Why on other planets solar system no life?

(-Protection from harmful solar and cosmic radiation;

Conditions for the life of plants and animals;

Protection of the earth's surface from overheating and hypothermia;

Conditions for the formation of sounds, winds, precipitation;

Possibility of weathering of hard rocks (formation of sand, clay and soil in their place)

Protection against falling meteorites

On other planets there is no such atmosphere, no water and no temperatures normal for life.) (slide 9)

Consolidation

Answer the questions (slide 10):

What gas is in the air the most? (Nitrogen)

What air gas is needed for photosynthesis? (Carbon dioxide)

What air gas is needed for combustion, decay and respiration? (Oxygen)

Why are ozone holes a dangerous phenomenon? (UV rays are harmful to life)

What is the name of the layer of the atmosphere where you and I live? (Troposphere)

Why do they take oxygen in cylinders in addition to the fuel supply for flights in the stratosphere? (The air is thin there, and combustion of fuel would be impossible)

Reflection.

Sum up today's lesson. What new have we learned? Have all lesson objectives been achieved? (slide 11) Who do you think can be graded for the lesson today? What ratings would you give yourself?

Homework (slide 12)

Download abstract

Slide 1

Presentation on the topic Atmosphere
The presentation was made by 5th grade student Sidorova Violetta Teacher: Kardanova Yu.R.

Slide 2

Slide 3

goals and objectives
deepen knowledge about the atmosphere, study the composition of the air, the structure of the atmosphere and the characteristics of the layers, the importance of the atmosphere for the nature of the Earth; the formation of knowledge about the geographical shell - the atmosphere, as a source of existence of life.

Slide 4

Atmosphere - the air envelope of the Earth
The atmosphere is the uppermost shell of the Earth. Its thickness is approximately 2000-3000 km. There is no upper limit to the atmosphere.

Slide 5

Atmospheric composition
The Earth's atmosphere consists of a mixture of gases. This is mainly Nitrogen (N2) - 78%, oxygen (O2) - 21% and the remaining gases - carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, helium, hydrogen, argon, etc. - 1%.

Slide 6

The structure of the atmosphere
The thickness of the atmosphere is about 3 thousand km. It contains several layers that differ from each other in temperature and gas composition. The lower layer is the troposphere - the surface of the Earth, but this boundary is relative. Next comes the stratosphere. Even higher are the mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere. These are the upper layers of the atmosphere, which pass into outer space at an altitude of 2 - 3 thousand km. above the surface of the Earth.

Slide 7

The troposphere is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the thickness of which above the poles is 8-10 km, in temperate latitudes - 10-12 km, and above the equator - 16-18 km. The air in the troposphere is heated by earth's surface, i.e. from land and water. Therefore, the air temperature in this layer decreases with height by an average of 0.6 °C for every 100 m. At the upper boundary of the troposphere it reaches -55 °C. At the same time, in the region of the equator at the upper boundary of the troposphere, the air temperature is -70 °C, and in the region of the North Pole -65 °C. About 80% of the mass of the atmosphere is concentrated in the troposphere, almost all the water vapor is located, thunderstorms, storms, clouds and precipitation occur, and vertical (convection) and horizontal (wind) movement of air occurs. We can say that weather is mainly formed in the troposphere.
Troposphere

Slide 8

The stratosphere is a layer of the atmosphere located above the troposphere at an altitude of 8 to 50 km. The color of the sky in this layer appears purple, which is explained by the thinness of the air, due to which the sun's rays are almost not scattered. The stratosphere contains 20% of the mass of the atmosphere. The air in this layer is rarefied, there is practically no water vapor, and therefore almost no clouds and precipitation form. However, stable air currents are observed in the stratosphere, the speed of which reaches 300 km/h. This layer contains ozone (ozone screen, ozonosphere), a layer that absorbs ultraviolet rays, preventing them from reaching the Earth and thereby protecting living organisms on our planet. Thanks to ozone, the air temperature at the upper boundary of the stratosphere ranges from -50 to 4-55 °C. Between the mesosphere and stratosphere there is a transition zone - the stratopause.
Stratosphere

Slide 9

The mesosphere is a layer of the atmosphere located at an altitude of 50-80 km. The air density here is 200 times less than at the Earth's surface. The color of the sky in the mesosphere appears black, and stars are visible during the day. The air temperature drops to -75 (-90)°C. At an altitude of 80 km the thermosphere begins. The air temperature in this layer rises sharply to a height of 250 m, and then becomes constant: at an altitude of 150 km it reaches 220-240 ° C; at an altitude of 500-600 km exceeds 1500 °C.
Mesosphere and thermosphere

Slide 11

Slide 12

Slide 13

The meaning of atmosphere
All living organisms need air to breathe. Ozone contained in the stratosphere protects living organisms from harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. As a result of human activities, the air becomes dirty. The ozone layer is being destroyed. We need to keep the air clean!