Vsevolod is a great nest of appearance. Vsevolod is a great leader as a ruler. Vladimir lands during the reign of Vsevolod Yurievich Big Nest

It is better to start getting acquainted with the name of Vsevolod Yuryevich the Big Nest, Grand Duke of Kyiv from 1176 to 1212, not with a brief reference from Wikipedia, but with the work. This is a chronicle story that will help not only to plunge into the atmosphere of the military spirit that reigned on the Kayaly River, but also to delve into the bitter consequences that arose due to the fragmentation of the Russian principalities.

In contact with

Classmates

The alarm bell in the work sounds a call to Prince Vsevolod to come to the rescue, to fight for the Russian land and “to guard the father’s throne.” The power of Prince Vsevolod seems enormous and victorious, because he can “sprinkle the Volga with oars” and “scoop out the Don with helmets.”

But “The Word...” is a work of art. Was the Grand Duke really so strong, responsive and influential in the domestic and foreign policy of Rus' in his time? What is his portrait as a historical figure? The chronicle pages of his biography will answer these questions.

Brothers Vsevolod Yuryevich and Andrey Bogolyubsky

Vsevolod Yurievich in the Epiphany tablets he is mentioned not at all as Vsevolod, but as Dmitry. This is exactly how he was named by the church shortly after his birth on October 22, 1154, which happened during a tour of the Suzdal possessions of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky and his second wife, the Greek princess. The event became so important for the couple that it was decided to rebuild a city on this site in honor of the newborn - Dimitrov.

Vsevolod became the eleventh, youngest, son of Yuri. At the age of three he lost his father, and at the age of seven - his princely possession, which was taken over by the son of Yuri Dolgoruky from his first marriage . This was Andrey's first step along the path of uniting scattered Russian plots. Not wanting to have a handful of principalities on a patch of land, he persistently sought to consolidate power in single hands, and as a result he managed to centralize Suzdal and Vladimir under his command. But he did not want to have competitors in the person of Vsevolod and other heirs on his father’s side.

Vsevolod, his mother and older brothers, along with their squads and boyars, were expelled from the lands of Suzdal. They were sheltered by the Greek Emperor Manuel I, providing the exiles with Byzantine Constantinople on the Danube River to live.

Life away from home didn't last long. The chronicles of 1169 already speak of military campaigns of Russian princes against Kyiv, in which young Vsevolod also participated. This was a period of instability in his life. During his five years of living in the southern lands, he managed to visit the princely throne in Kyiv, take part in the battle with the Polovtsians on the Southern Bug River, see the evil of internecine squabbles between the princes, and be captured by the Smolensk prince.

The activities of Prince Vsevolod to unite the Russian principalities

Since then, Vsevolod has actively supported Andrei Bogolyubsky in matters of the unity of Russian lands. After the martyrdom of Andrei he, together with his other brother, Mikhail, leads a policy of unifying the scattered Russian principalities. Soon Vsevolod takes the grand-ducal throne in fulfillment of the will of Yuri Dolgoruky, who bequeathed the powerful Vladimir-Suzdal principality to his younger sons from his second marriage.

The fight against nephews Mstislav and Yaropolk

But his nephews Mstislav and Yaropolk Rostislavovich do not like this state of affairs. Not even a month has passed since Vsevolod’s reign before he has to enter into battle with them, thirsty for power and the throne.

The decisive battle between the warring parties took place on June 27, 1176 in the fields near the city of Yuryev. The day before Vsevolod had a sign with the face of the Mother of God of Vladimir, who blessed him for exploits for the Russian lands. Mstislav's army suffered a crushing defeat, the Mother of God of Vladimir was declared a seer, and the victory brought Vsevolod his first glory and new land plots.

But the internecine battles did not stop there. The defeated Mstislav took refuge in Ryazan, from where he soon attacked Moscow. Vladimir was next in line. At this time, Mstislav and Prince Gleb of Ryazan staged a series of attacks on the city, burned fields and houses, captured hundreds of people and sold them into slavery to nomads.

Confrontation on the Koloksha River

Vsevolod called on his fellow tribesmen to strike Mstislav. In the winter of 1177, the famous confrontation took place on the Koloksha River. It lasted more than a month. Thin ice did not make it possible to attack, but as soon as a strong crust formed, Vsevolod’s army went on the attack and defeated the remnants of the Mstislav army. Mstislav himself was captured.

There was no need to fight with Yaropolk’s army, which held the defense in the Ryazan lands. The residents, not wanting to be subjected to devastation and military attacks, surrendered it themselves and brought it to Vladimir.

The people demanded cruel punishment for the rebels, and it was carried out against the will of Vsevolod Yuryevich. The chronicle says that Mstislav and Yaropolk were blinded and released to wander freely, but after some time they were seen sighted and combat-ready in other northern volosts.

The transition of the northern principalities to the subordination of Prince Vsevolod

Further successes of Prince Vsevolod in matters of domestic policy and the results of his achievements in unifying the lands are summarized in the table below.

Thanks to the victories won on the internal battlefield, the power of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality strengthened, and the authority of Grand Duke Vsevolod strengthened. But not only successes in the internecine struggle influenced the growing glory of Vsevolod the Big Nest. The defense of the southern borders of the principality from external enemies brought him no less sweet fruits.

Military campaigns as part of Vsevolod’s foreign policy

The inhabited lands of the Russian principalities have always been a tasty morsel for many foreign conquerors. Entire Crusades came against them from the west. Viking tribes tried to conquer it from the north. From the south, endless raids by the Khazars, Polovtsy and Pechenegs ravaged fragile Rus'. The Mongols, united with the Tatars, attacked from the east.

Enemy raids were not avoided and the period of the reign of Vsevolod Yuryevich. He had to act both against the Volga Bulgarians, who established their khanate at the confluence of the Volga and Kama, and against the Polovtsians, who considered attacks on Rus' an easy and commonplace thing. The chronicle has preserved for us the dates, reasons and results of those campaigns.

• 1183 Campaign against the Volga Bulgarians. Vsevolod undertook it with the aim of punishing the Khan’s subjects for attacks on the Ryazan lands. And although the root cause of the discord was initially the attacks of the Ryazan residents on the river ships of the Bulgarian merchants, the prince stood up to defend his people and lands, organizing a military campaign and winning an undeniable victory in it. Vsevolod received the laurels of the winner thanks to the combined efforts of a number of Russian principalities.
• 1198 The campaign against the Polovtsians was caused by the “great insult to the Russian land” inflicted by the barbarians. Vsevolod's Suzdal and Ryazan regiments, in response to the constant attacks of the Polovtsians, reached their warehouses on the banks of the Don, where they showed the heat, completely destroying all the enemy's reserves. The Polovtsians with the remaining belongings were thrown back to the sea coast.
• 1205 Another campaign against the Volga Bulgarians. Historian V.N. Tatishchev believes that the Bulgarians, who reached their peak by the beginning of the 12th century, greatly annoyed the Russian possessions located adjacent to the Volga and its tributaries. Ruining the Murom, Ryazan, Novgorod, Vladimir allotments, they did not know pity for the people. Therefore, this campaign was only a response to great devastation.

Thus, all foreign policy activities of Vsevolod Yuryevich was built on responses to foreign raids. Considering the scattered Russian lands to be easy money, they became impudent and crossed the line of permissibility. Vsevolod, having united the troops of several principalities under his command, was able not only to repel the barbarians, but also to prove the correctness of his ideas about a strong Rus' under a strong ruler.

Father of a large family

Vsevolod Yuryevich entered the annals of Russian history not only as a wise ruler, but also as the father of a large family. He received his nickname "Big Nest" for the birth and upbringing of his 12 children. All of them were born from a marriage with the Czech Princess Mary. Among them are 8 sons and 4 daughters. During Vsevolod's lifetime, Boris and Gleb died. Two subsequent marriages concluded after Mary’s death did not bring children to the prince.

Shortly before Vsevolod's death bequeathed lands to his sons:

• The Grand Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal was intended for Constantine;
• Yuri - Rostov kingdom;
• Yaroslav - leadership over Pereslavl, Tver and Volok;
• Svyatoslav - the cities of Yuryev and Gorodets;
• Vladimir - reign in Moscow;
• John - possessions in Starodub.

Konstantin quarreled with his father over the terms of the will, believing that both the Rostov and Vladimir principalities should belong to him. And he didn’t even come to the funeral of his father, who died on April 13, 1212 at the age of 58. They said goodbye and buried the Grand Duke in the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir. There was great lamentation for him. As the chronicler notes, everyone cried: “the boyars, the peasants, and the whole land of his volost.”

Constantine, deprived by his father of the right to the great reign in Vladimir, was extremely dissatisfied with the results of the distribution of power . This dissatisfaction caused further internecine disputes between all the brothers, which systematically escalated into war.

The results of the reign of the great reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest

Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich the Big Nest received the Grand Duchy of Vladimir in 1176 and ruled it for more than 36 years until his death in 1212.

Drawing a historical portrait of Vsevolod the Big Nest and summing up his activities, biographers highlight the following positions:

Unfortunately, after his death, the sons who entered into inheritance rights were unable to maintain this status quo. The Vladimir-Suzdal principality with the adjoining new volosts, so carefully created by Vsevolod, fell apart into a dozen separate territories, power in each of which was obtained through blood and war. As a result of civil strife, Rus' lost its cohesion and strength, allowing the Golden Horde to easily invade its lands in 1237 and remain there for 300 years.

VSEVOLOD (baptized DMITRY) YURIEVICH, nicknamed BIG NEST(October 19, 1154 - April 13, 1212), Grand Duke of Vladimir (from 1176).

The youngest son of the Prince of Suzdal, later the Grand Duke of Kyiv Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky († 1157); was born in the prince's second marriage (presumably with a Greek princess from the Komnenos family). He is the only one of the sons of Yuri Dolgoruky whose birth is reported in the chronicles: it happened on the Yakhroma River, during the autumn polyud of his father, and in honor of this event Yuri founded the city of Dmitrov. The exact date of birth of Vsevolod is given only in the late Tver Chronicle.

In 1161/62, Vsevolod, together with his mother and half-brothers Mstislav and Vasilko, was expelled from the Suzdal land by his elder brother Andrei Bogolyubsky; The princess and princes found shelter in the Greek land, where they were received with honor by Emperor Manuel Komnenos.

Upon returning to Rus', Vsevolod took an active part in the wars waged by Andrei Bogolyubsky. At the beginning of 1169, as part of the army of eleven princes sent by Andrei, he took part in the campaign against Kyiv and the capture of the city (March). After the dissolution of the army, he remained in Kyiv under his brother Gleb Yuryevich, who became the Kyiv prince. In the winter of 1170/71, at the behest of the already ill Gleb Yuryevich, Vsevolod, together with his other brother Mikhail (Mikhalko), goes against the Polovtsians who invaded the Kyiv land and defeats them. In the future, for the most part, he apparently stayed with his elder half-brother Mikhail, who reigned in Torchesk (on the Rosi River). For a short time (beginning of spring 1172 or 173) he even occupies the Kiev throne, where he was sent by Mikhail, but the Rostislavich princes, who disobeyed Andrei Bogolyubsky, again capture Kyiv, so that Vsevolod is captured. Soon, however, the Rostislavichs make peace with Vsevolod's brother Mikhail and free Vsevolod and his squad.

In 1173, Vsevolod and his brother joined the huge army sent by Andrei Bogolyubsky to Kyiv, against the Rostislavichs. The princes occupy Kyiv and then besiege Vyshgorod (September 8), but ultimately suffer a crushing defeat.

After the death of Andrei Bogolyubsky (June 29, 1174), Vsevolod, together with Mikhail, took part in the internecine war that began in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. He fights on the side of his brother against his nephews Mstislav and Yaropolk - the sons of the eldest of the Yuryevich brothers Rostislav († 1151).

The war ended with a decisive victory for Michael (June 15, 1175), but a year later (June 20, 1176) he dies, and the people of Vladimir proclaim Vsevolod their prince. The Rostovites, however, begin a war against Vsevolod and invite Mstislav Rostislavich to reign. Mstislav with a large army opposes Vsevolod to Vladimir. Vsevolod offers his nephew peace so that he reigns in Rostov, “and let Suzdal be ours,” but Mstislav responds with a decisive refusal. June 27, 1176 near the city of Yuryev-Polsky on the river. A battle takes place in which Vsevolod’s troops win a decisive victory. In the autumn of the same year, the Ryazan prince Gleb Rostislavich, son-in-law and ally of Mstislav Rostislavich, opposed Vsevolod; he approaches Moscow and “then the whole city and villages are burned.” For the winter of 1176/77, Vsevolod opposed Gleb and Mstislav Rostislavich and on March 7, 1177 on the river. Kolakshe defeats them at Pruskov Mountain, and Gleb, his son Roman, and Mstislav Rostislavich are captured and brought to Vladimir. At Vsevolod’s request, the Ryazan people also give him his other nephew, Yaropolk Rostislavich. According to the chronicle, the Rostislavich brothers were blinded by the people of Vladimir, and against the will of Vsevolod himself, but then miraculously regained their sight in the Boris and Gleb Monastery in Smyadyn; Gleb Ryazansky died in captivity.

During his thirty-seven-year reign, Vsevolod became by far the strongest prince in all of Rus'; his authority and “eldership” were recognized by all other Russian princes. He reigned supreme in the Vladimir-Suzdal principality, subjugated Novgorod to his influence, and the Ryazan and Murom princes were dependent on him. Vsevolod firmly held Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny in his hands (where his son Yaroslav reigned, forced to leave the city only in 1206), and this gave him the opportunity to influence events in Kyiv and throughout Southern Rus'. Thus, in February 1203, when the warring princes Rurik Rostislavich and Roman Mstislavich were unable to resolve their dispute about Kiev (which had just been plundered by Rurik, who had united with the Olgovichi and Polovtsians), they decided to resort to the authority of Vsevolod, calling him “father” and “ Mr. Grand Duke." At the request of the princes, Vsevolod gives Kyiv to Rurik and in the same year, as the eldest of the Monomashichs, he makes peace with the Olgovichi.

When in 1206 the head of the Olgovich family, Vsevolod Svyatoslavich Chermny, took the Kiev throne and expelled Vsevolod Yuryevich Yaroslav’s son from Pereyaslavl, Vsevolod began a war with the Chernigov princes. The chronicle quotes his words: “The Russian land alone is our fatherland, but isn’t it our fatherland?” Peace between the princes was concluded only in 1210 through the mediation of the Kiev Metropolitan Matthew, and Vsevolod Chermny “and all the Olgovichi” sent him to Vladimir to Vsevolod the Big Nest, “asking for peace and repenting for everything,” in other words, recognizing the Suzdal prince as the eldest among the Russians princes. Vsevolod Yuryevich, “seeing their subjugation to himself... kissed the cross to them, and having established the metropolitan, let him go with honor.” Vsevolod the Chermny, in agreement with his namesake, occupied Kyiv, and the following year the peace between the princes was sealed by the marriage of Vsevolod's son Big Nest Yuri and Vsevolod the Chermny's daughter Agafya (April 10, 1211).

The authority of the Vladimir prince was recognized outside of Rus'. So, for example, the German Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, having learned in 1189 that the exiled Galich prince Vladimir Yaroslavich, who had arrived to him, was the “sister” (nephew) of Vsevolod Yuryevich, “received him with love and great honor.”

Vsevolod successfully fought against the Volga Bulgarians. In 1183, he went to them himself together with his nephew Izyaslav Glebovich and other princes; this campaign ended with the conclusion of peace. In 1185, Vsevolod sent his governors against the Volga Bulgarians; They “took a lot of villages and returned with a lot of money.”

The author of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” gives a vivid description of Vsevolod’s military power. “Grand Duke Vsevolod! - he mentally turns to him and is amazed at the large number of his troops. - ...You can spill the oars of the Volga (splash. - A.K.), and the Don will pour out the shells (scoop out. - A.K.)". Enthusiastic praise for the prince is also read in the Laurentian Chronicle: “...having shown a lot of courage and audacity in battle, he was adorned with all good morals, executing evil, and showing mercy to the good... Of this name, the whole country and all the lands trembled in his ear, and all his evil thoughts Yes, God is under his hand, no longer arrogant, nor magnified about himself, but he placed everything on God, all his hope, and God punished all his enemies under his nose...” At the same time, the chronicler also noted the peacefulness of Vsevolod, who “is kind, not willing to shed blood.”

Prince Vsevolod Yuryevchi did a lot to decorate his capital city of Vladimir and other cities of his land. He rebuilt the main cathedral of Vladimir - the Assumption (consecrated on August 14, 1188); erected the Dmitrov Cathedral and the main church of the Monastery of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Vladimir, and renovated the Church of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Suzdal. In the first half of the 90s. XII century New fortresses were erected in Vladimir, Suzdal, and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. It is believed that the portrait image of Prince Vsevolod Yuryevich was preserved on the icon of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica from the Assumption Cathedral in the city of Dmitrov (early 13th century). In addition, the supposed image of Prince Vsevolod with his sons is found on one of the reliefs of the Vladimir Dmitrov Cathedral.

Vsevolod received his nickname due to the large number of offspring. All his children were born in the same marriage - with Princess Maria, who, according to some sources, was a “yasynya” (Ossetian), and according to others, a Czech, the daughter of the Czech prince Švarn. (However, the Russian origin of the princess cannot be ruled out.) Maria died on March 19, 1205, having previously been ill for seven years and having taken monastic vows a few days before her death. She also left a noticeable mark on the history of the city of Vladimir, founding a convent in the name of the Dormition of the Blessed Virgin Mary (the so-called Knyaginin). After the death of his first wife, Vsevolod married twice more: in 1209, to the unknown-named daughter of the Vitebsk prince Vasilko Bryachislavich, and then, in 1211, to a certain princess Sophia (from Southern Rus').

Vsevolod had eight sons: Konstantin, Boris (who died during his father’s lifetime), Yuri, Yaroslav, Gleb, Vladimir, Ivan and Svyatoslav, as well as four daughters: Vseslava, Verkhuslava, Sbyslava and Elena (later sources also name his other children).

Shortly before his death, Vsevolod made a will, according to which the great reign and the city of Vladimir were to pass to his eldest son Konstantin, who reigned in Rostov, while Rostov went to Yuri. Constantine did not agree with this and demanded both cities for himself. The angry Vsevolod changed his will: now Yuri was to receive Vladimir and the great reign, and Rostov remained for Konstantin. This decision of his father suited Konstantin even less, who eventually quarreled with both his father and his brothers and did not even attend his father’s funeral in Vladimir.

Vsevolod died on April 13, 1212 and was buried in the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral. “And his sons cried for him with great lamentation, as well as all the boyars and men and all the land of his volost,” writes the chronicler.

SOURCES:

Chronicles: Lavrentievskaya, Ipatievskaya, Novgorodskaya First, Chronicler of Pereyaslavl of Suzdal, Moscow chronicle code of the end of the 15th century, Nikonovskaya, Tverskaya (everywhere under 1154, 1162-1212). "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."

Vsevolod Yuryevich the Big Nest (baptized Dmitry, 1154 - April 15, 1212) - Grand Duke of Vladimir from 1176, for five weeks (from February to March 24, 1173) was the Grand Duke of Kyiv. The tenth son of Yuri Dolgoruky, half-brother of Andrei Bogolyubsky, Byzantine on his mother’s side. He had a large offspring - 12 children (including 8 sons), so he received the nickname “Big Nest”. In Russian historiography he is sometimes called Vsevolod III.

The people of Rostov and Suzdal had no sympathy for Andrei Bogolyubsky, because he did not honor the oldest cities of North-Eastern Rus', preferring the young city of Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Vladimir was inhabited mainly by ordinary people who lived by the construction trade.
“These are our slaves, masons,” arrogant residents of Rostov and Suzdal spoke of the Vladimir residents. After the death of Andrei, they gave the grand-ducal “table” not to his son Yuri, who then ruled in Novgorod, but to his nephews Yaropolk and Mstislav Rostislavich. The people of Vladimir invited Andrei Bogolyubsky’s younger brother, Mikhail Yuryevich.

This immediately caused hostility between the old and new cities. The Rostislavichs, having added the Murom, Pereyaslav, and Ryazan regiments to their squads, besieged Vladimir. The people of Vladimir could not resist for long and, after surviving a seven-week siege, they asked Prince Mikhail to leave the city. So Yaropolk established himself on the Vladimir table, and Mstislav became the prince of Rostov and Suzdal.

The new princes behaved like conquerors in the northeastern capital. Yaropolk, for example, on the very first day of his stay in Vladimir, took possession of the keys to the sacristy of the Assumption Cathedral, took away from the cathedral the lands granted by Andrei Bogolyubsky, and ultimately gave the main shrine of the city - the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God - to the Ryazan prince Gleb. The squad did not lag behind the prince in the matter of profit.

Offended by the incessant robberies, the residents of Vladimir again called on Mikhail Yuryevich to reign. His army managed to defeat the Rostislavich squad, and Grand Duke Mikhail “with honor and glory” entered the capital city..

The first thing he did upon ascending the throne of Vladimir was to return to the Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary all the property and privileges taken away by Yaropolk. The miraculous icon was also returned to Vladimir. Thus, the prince won the sincere sympathy of the townspeople.

But the rejoicing of the Vladimir residents did not last long: in 1176, Mikhail died. Residents of the city unanimously swore allegiance to his brother Vsevolod Yuryevich.

Vsevolod’s fate at first was unenviable. Exiled by his brother Andrei Bogolyubsky to Byzantium, he hung around with his mother and two brothers in a foreign land for several years, then returned to his homeland and reigned, according to some information, in Gorodets.

Having taken the Vladimir throne, Vsevolod Yuryevich ruled for 36 years, all these years continuing the policy of his brother Andrei, expanding and strengthening the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. He also had to pacify his own subjects, since, unlike Southern Rus', where the princely families were at enmity with each other (with the indifferent attitude of the urban population), in the northeast there was a struggle between the old cities of Rostov and Suzdal against the young ones: Vladimir, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yuryev-Polsky, Moscow and others.

Immediately after Vsevolod’s accession, the Rostovites called Mstislav Rostislavich to themselves, proclaimed him prince and demanded that Vladimir be subjugated. The cautious Vsevolod was ready to settle the matter peacefully. But the negotiations reached a dead end, and we had to fight. In the battle of Yuryev, the Vladimir people defeated Mstislav’s army. Thus Rostov the Great was finally conquered.

Mstislav could not come to terms with this and turned to Gleb, the Ryazan prince, for help. And again Vsevolod Yuryevich defeated his rebellious relatives, capturing Mstislav himself, Gleb and his son Roman. The joy of victory did not cool the bitterness that had accumulated among the residents of Vladimir against the captured princes. “Judgment without mercy for those who themselves did not know mercy,” they pronounced the sentence.

To calm the townspeople, Vsevolod imprisoned the prisoners and forced the Ryazan people to hand over Mstislav’s brother Yaropolk to him. But he did not want to shed the blood of the Rurikovichs. Moreover, Svyatoslav, the prince of Chernigov, the bishop of Chernigov, and the Ryazan princess asked for the prisoners. For two years Vsevolod delayed deciding the fate of the captured princes. During this time, the Ryazan prince Gleb died, and his son was sent home on condition of complete submission to the Grand Duke.

With the Rostislavichs - Yaropolk and Mstislav - it turned out differently. The people of Vladimir, having learned that negotiations were underway for their release, approached the princely court with a demand to blind the hated destroyers of shrines. The prince had to fulfill the will of the rebellious residents, after which the Rostislavichs were released to Smolensk. (According to other sources, the peace-loving Vsevolod only imitated blindness, because the former prisoners soon “saw the light” while praying in the Church of Saints Boris and Gleb.)

Thus, Vsevolod Yuryevich managed to establish his power in the northeast and finally consolidate the supremacy of Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Vsevolod was the first to accept the title of Grand Duke of Vladimir. At the end of the 12th century, he founded the cities of Tver and Khlynov (Vyatka) and forced the Ryazan princes to submit. In order to avoid internecine unrest, Vsevolod, following the example of Andrei Bogolyubsky, expelled his nephews from their volosts and became “autocracy” in North-Eastern Rus'.

Boris Chorikov. Grand Duke Vsevolod frees Roman from prison. 1177

Without leaving the banks of the Klyazma, Vsevolod also ruled Southern Russia. There, after the death of Bogolyubsky, the enmity of the Monomakhovichs and the descendants of Oleg Gorislavich flared up with renewed vigor, complicated by infighting within these dynasties. The Kiev “table” continued to be considered great, but not a single ruler felt confident on it without the favorable attitude of the Prince of Vladimir. In 1194, the Smolensk prince Rurik Rostislavich, who unconditionally recognized the seniority of the Vladimir prince, was placed on the “zlatstol” “from the hand” of Vsevolod.

Having strengthened himself, Vsevolod dealt imperiously with Mister Veliky Novgorod. By his own will, he imprisoned and deposed princes there, violated the Novgorod “old times,” and innocently executed the Novgorod “best people.” In 1210, the Novgorodians did not recognize the son of Grand Duke Vsevolod, Svyatoslav, as ruler, and plundered his court. Vsevolod, in retaliation, cut off communication routes between Novgorod and the grain-producing regions and left the city without food. Then the Novgorodians were helped by Prince Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy, the grandson of the Smolensk prince Rostislav, the great-grandson of Monomakh. He was already ready to speak out against Vsevolod, but he did not bring the matter to war and limited himself to the exchange of prisoners.

Even in distant Galician Rus' they felt the hand of the Vladimir “autocrat”. When the son of Yaroslav Osmomysl, Prince Vladimir, with the help of foreign mercenaries, expelled the son of the Hungarian king from Galich, in order to strengthen himself in the city, he asked Vsevolod Yuryevich: “Keep Galich under me, and I am God’s and yours with all Galich and always in your will.” .

The authority of the powerful Vsevolod was supported by the valor of his army and the luck of the brave ruler in battle. Usually he tried to resolve the conflict peacefully, but when it came to swords, the prudent prince did not rush, like Bogolyubsky, headlong at the head of his squad into battle “without time and place.” Vsevolod selected a convenient, dominant position in advance and patiently waited for the enemy on it. It was very difficult to throw him from that position. No wonder the author of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” complained about the absence of Vsevolod in Southern Rus' during the time of princely strife and Polovtsian raids: “Grand Duke Vsevolod! Can’t you even mentally fly from afar to watch over your father’s golden table? You can splash the Volga with oars and scoop up the Don with helmets!”

The years of the reign of Vsevolod the Big Nest turned out to be beneficial for North-Eastern Rus'. There were no attacks from outside, and the prince overcame internal strife. This was a period when the economy and culture of the Zalessk land intensively developed. A wonderful monument of that era is the Dmitrievsky Cathedral in Vladimir, “marvelously decorated” with stone carvings. Strict and majestic, the temple resembles a fairy-tale hero guarding the borders of his native land. And if the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl can be compared to a lyrical poem, then the Demetrius Cathedral is an epic about a harsh and heroic time.

An icon commissioned by Demetrius-Vsevolod depicting his namesake saint

Not only temples, but also civil structures were built from stone. Under Vsevolod, stone fortifications surrounded Vladimir, Suzdal, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, and Chernigov Oster. The “architects” were mainly Greeks, but gradually masters began to appear among the Russian people: it was no coincidence that the residents of Rostov and Suzdal called the residents of Vladimir skilled in architecture “masons.” When it was necessary to renovate the Church of the Mother of God in Suzdal, both architects and stone craftsmen were found in this city.

Vsevolod Yuryevich was nicknamed “Big Nest” for his large family. He had twelve children. And he tried to endow all his sons with estates. From the Vsevolodovichs came the dynasties of Moscow, Suzdal, and Tver princes. And again dividing the lands into inheritances, Vsevolod sowed discord between the brothers. The disastrous shoots of this enmity began to sprout during his lifetime.

In 1212, the Grand Duke, already seriously ill, summoned his eldest son, Constantine, who reigned there, from Rostov the Great. Vsevolod intended him to be his heir and ordered him to cede Rostov to his brother Yuri. Konstantin became stubborn, because he was afraid not to retain seniority for Vladimir-on-Klyazma, and asked his father to leave both cities behind him. The angry Vsevolod, on the advice of the bishop, deprived his eldest son of the grand-ducal throne, and appointed Yuri Vsevolodovich as his successor. In April of the same year, Vsevolod the Big Nest died.
But only in 1218 did Prince Yuri manage to take power over his older brother and take possession of the bequeathed throne. This finally broke the old tradition of inheriting power by seniority. From now on, the will of the “unique ruler” began to mean more than the centuries-old “antiquity”.

Family and Children

1st wife - Princess Maria Shvarnovna of Yassy, ​​sister of the wife of Mstislav of Chernigov.

Maria Shvarnovna (c.1171 - March 19, 1205 (1206), Vladimir) - wife of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest, princess of Yassy (in later sources mistakenly called Czech).

In her marriage to Grand Duke Vsevolod Yuryevich (Georgievich), she gave birth to 12 children, including 8 sons (of which four (Konstantin, Yuri (George), Yaroslav, Svyatoslav), later were, at different times, Grand Dukes of Vladimir) and 4 daughters.

In the last years of her life, Grand Duchess Maria was seriously ill and vowed to found a monastery, and in 1200, at her insistence, the Assumption Monastery was founded in the city of Vladimir, which later became known in her honor as the Assumption (Princess) Monastery. Thanks to her efforts and patronage, the monastery was quickly built and developed. Mary herself took monastic vows and received the name Martha as a monk. She died and was buried in the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery. The monastery later served as the ancestral tomb of the princesses and princesses of the Vladimir grand-ducal house.

2nd wife - Lyubava, daughter of Vasilko Bryachislavich of Polotsk-Vitebsk.

Konstantin (1186-1218) - Prince of Novgorod, Prince of Rostov and Grand Duke of Vladimir;

Boris (†1188);

Gleb (†1189);

Yuri (1188-1238) - Grand Duke of Vladimir;

Yaroslav (1191-1246) - Grand Duke of Vladimir;

Vladimir (1193-1227) - Prince of Starodub;

Vladimir (Dmitry) Vsevolodovich (October 26, 1192 - January 6, 1227), appanage prince of Pereyaslavsky (1213-1215), Starodubsky (1217-1227), son of the Grand Duke of Vladimir Vsevolod the Big Nest and Princess Maria Shvarnovna.

At the age of 15 he accompanied his father on a campaign against Chernigov; after the death of Vsevolod the Big Nest (1212) he remained in Yuryev-Polsky. By the will of the situation that developed after the death of his father, he was forced to take part in the internecine war of his older brothers: Konstantin and Yuri (George).

In 1213, he left Yuryev (since Yuryev-Polsky was received as an inheritance from his father by his brother Svyatoslav) first to Volok Lamsky, and then to Moscow and occupied it, taking it from Yuri (George) Vsevolodovich. Later, together with his squad and Muscovites, he went to the city of Dmitrov (the city of his brother Yaroslav Vsevolodovich). The Dmitrovites burned all the settlements, locked themselves in the fortress and repelled all attacks. Vladimir, having received news of the approach of Yaroslav’s squad, left the city back to Moscow, losing part of his squad, which was killed by the Dmitrovites who were chasing the retreating ones. Yaroslav together with Yuri (George) went to Moscow, and Prince Yuri (George) Vsevolodovich sent to tell Vladimir: ... “Come to me, don’t be afraid, I won’t eat you, you’re my brother.” Vladimir accepted the offer and during the negotiations the brothers decided that Vladimir would give Moscow back to Yuri (George), and he himself would go to reign in Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny. Here Vladimir married Princess Efimiya, the daughter of Prince Gleb Svyatoslavich of Chernigov, and reigned until 1215, when in a battle with the Polovtsians he was captured, from which he was released in 1218. After his release from captivity, he received Starodub as an inheritance, where he reigned until his death.

According to the Laurentian Chronicle, in 1224 Vladimir, together with his nephew Vsevolod Konstantinovich, was sent by his brother Yuri on a military campaign, however, the purpose of the campaign does not indicate the purpose of the campaign, placing the event between the installation of Metropolitan Kirill in Kiev (which occurred on January 6, 1225) and the large-scale invasion of the Lithuanians in Novgorod land and the Smolensk principality, which ended with the battle of Usvyat (until the spring of 1225). The Novgorod chronicles report that Vladimir and his son took part in the campaign led by Yaroslav against the Lithuanians, but nothing is known about Vladimir’s children. Perhaps we are talking about Mstislav Udatny’s brother Vladimir Mstislavich and his son Yaroslav.

Vladimir died after taking the schema in 1227. The Principality of Starodubskoe again became part of the lands of the Grand Duchy of Vladimir.

Svyatoslav (1196-1252) - Grand Duke of Vladimir;

Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (March 27, 1196 - February 3, 1252) - Grand Duke of Vladimir (1246-1248), son of Vsevolod Yuryevich, baptized Gabriel. During his life, Prince Svyatoslav reigned in Novgorod, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Suzdal, and Vladimir.

As a four-year-old child, he was appointed to reign in Novgorod, and then was replaced by his older brother, Constantine in 1206 and again returned to Novgorod in 1208.

In 1212, after the death of his father, Svyatoslav received the city of Yuryev-Polsky as an inheritance. During his reign in 1230-1234, the St. George Cathedral was built on the foundation of the white-stone church of the Holy Great Martyr George, “wonderfully, he decorated the saints’ faces and feasts with carved stone from the base to the top, and he himself was a master.” In the cathedral there is a relief composition, traditionally called the “Svyatoslav Cross”, at the base of which there is a stone with an inscription dedicated to Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich.

In 1220, Svyatoslav, at the head of the Vladimir army, was sent by his elder brother Yuri against the Volga Bulgarians. The expedition was a river expedition and ended with the victory of Russian troops at Ochelle.

In 1222, Svyatoslav, at the head of the Vladimir army, was sent by Yuri to help the Novgorodians and their prince Vsevolod, Yuri's son. A 12,000-strong Russian army, in alliance with the Lithuanians, invaded the territory of the order and ravaged the outskirts of Wenden.

In 1226, Svyatoslav, together with his younger brother Ivan, at the head of the Vladimir army, was sent by Yuri against the Mordovians and won.

In 1229, Svyatoslav was sent by Yuri to Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny.

In 1234, Svyatoslav founded the Church of St. George in Yuryev-Polsky.

In 1238 he took part in the Battle of the City. From his brother Yaroslav, who took the Vladimir throne, he received the Suzdal principality as an inheritance.

In 1246, Yaroslav died, and Svyatoslav took the grand-ducal throne according to the old right of inheritance. He distributed the principality to his nephews, the seven sons of Yaroslav, but the Yaroslavichs were dissatisfied with this distribution. In 1248, he was expelled by his nephew Mikhail Yaroslavich Khorobrit, who soon died in a battle with the Lithuanians on the Protva River. Then Svyatoslav himself defeated the Lithuanians at Zubtsov. The reign of Vladimir, by the will of Yaroslav and by the will of Guyuk, went to Andrei Yaroslavich.

In 1250, Svyatoslav and his son Dmitry traveled to the Horde. According to historian A.V. Ekzemplyarsky, this was an unsuccessful trip with an attempt to return the grand ducal throne. Historian V.A. Kuchkin notes that although the chronicles do not explicitly speak about the purpose of this trip, such trips of Russian princes with their sons-heirs to the khans usually took place when it came to assigning their principalities-fatherland to the Rurikovichs. Considering that Svyatoslav’s grandson already bore the nickname of Yuryevsky, Kuchkin makes the assumption that by that time Svyatoslav owned the Yuryevsky principality.

After a short great reign in Vladimir, Prince Svyatoslav returned to Yuryev-Polsky. Here he founded a male princely monastery in honor of Archangel Michael.

The holy prince lived the last days of his life pleasing to God, in fasting and prayer, purity and repentance. Died on February 3, 1252. His body was laid in the Cathedral of the Holy Great Martyr George, which he built. The relics of the Holy Blessed Grand Duke Svyatoslav were rediscovered in 1991 and placed in the Holy Protection Church in the city of Yuryev-Polsky, “where to this day they are kept by God and the gift of healing is given to those who come with faith.”

Marriage and children
The wife is Princess Evdokia Davydovna of Murom, the daughter of Prince Davyd Yuryevich of Murom and his wife Princess Fevronia (in monasticism Euphrosyne), who are revered by Saints Peter and Fevronia, patrons of the family in Russia.

Prince Svyatoslav sent his wife Evdokia in 1228 to the Murom Boris and Gleb Monastery, where she was tonsured a monk on July 24 on the feast of Boris and Gleb. The princess lived in the monastery until her death and was buried there; her remains are still there.

Son: Dmitry, according to the ancient calendar he was revered as a saint

Ivan (1198-1247) - Prince of Starodub.

Ivan Vsevolodovich (August 28, 1197/1198 - 1247) - appanage prince of Starodub from 1238 to 1247. Nickname, according to some genealogies, Kasha, the youngest of the sons of Vsevolod Yuryevich (Big Nest).
After the death of his father, he took part in the struggle of his older brothers, Konstantin and Yuri, for the grand-ducal table, holding the side of the second (1212-1213).

In 1226, together with his older brother Svyatoslav, he led the successful campaign of the Vladimir troops against Mordovians.

After the invasion of Batu, Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich gave Starodub, which had just been ravaged by the Tatars, as an inheritance to Ivan. In 1246 Ivan traveled with Yaroslav to the Horde.
He had an only son (his wife has not been identified) - Mikhail.

***

History of Russian Goverment

And with the young Christ.

Christ blesses the marriage of his younger brother to Mary.
What incredible image quality.
And what a blessing that we can see this.

Grand Duke Vsevolod! It is not with your thought that you fly from afar and take away the gold of the table.
You can scatter the oars of the Volga and pour out the helmets of the Don.
Even if you were, you would have been hit by chaga, and cut by koshchey.
You can shoot the shereshirs alive on dry land - the daring sons of Glebov.

This will be written by Christ 15 years after this wedding.
In 1185.

The year of Vsevolod’s birth apparently corresponds to reality.
1154.

They'll come up with a dad for him. Yura Dolgoruky.
A nickname that some German clerk would come up with in the 17th century, which is not hidden.

And he is Vsevolod Glebovich.
This is what Christ wrote about in the Word about the regiment, including himself among the Glebovichs.
Because both of them are the Sons of Gleb Vladimirovich Davyd.
Emperor of Byzantium (Romea) John 2 Eye of Minos. And the grandchildren of Vladimir the Great.

Also in the Word there is Glebovna. This is Bui Tur’s wife Vsevolod-Elena. Sister of Christ and the Nest, of course.

This miniature will be signed by the monsters of history.
It supposedly depicts Nikephoros III Botaniates, who ruled Byzantium in 1071-78 and his wife, Maria of Alania.
Moreover, the miniature shows that there was a different text and it was etched out, so that there were stains.

If only this text could be examined in ultraviolet light.
They just won’t allow us to do this, since the miniature itself is kept in the Vatican, where they chemically treated it.

We can do without their permission.
Christ was born only in 1152 and therefore could not bless anyone in the 11th century.

The word Basileus remains. It's enough.
Because Vsevolod the Big Nest was a Byzantine prince, as the son of the Emperor of Byzantium, John-Gleb Vladimirovich.

And Vsevolod’s wife’s name was Maria and she really was Princess Alan.
They will sew her Czech origin with rotten threads and call her Shvarovna.
And we'll throw it out.

In this picture, Maria is the daughter of the Georgian king Bagrat 4.
And the feeble-minded monsters have already confused Alania with Georgia.
Vsevolod's real wife Maria is really from the Caucasus.
But she is Princess Yasskaya, that is, Alanskaya, as the Ossetians were called then.

RUS-ALANS.
Our chronicles, which are not ours at all, will be made by Maria Maria Vsevolzha Shvarnovna, daughter of the Prince of Czech.

Like this. But this is just a version. Attempts to tear out the story of our friendship with the Alans.

Under this name - Maria Shvarovna - she will be buried in the Princess Monastery of Vladimir, next to the Mother of God Anna, having given birth to Vsevolod 12 children.
The kingdom of heaven to her!

It is interesting and immediately noticeable that this miniature is made on fabric.
And this fabric is silk. Because it shimmers.
The method of applying paints is called silk-screen printing.
A small-scale method of printing a color image on fabric. Through a stencil mesh.
You need several grids, one for each paint.

Where did silkscreen printing come from?
They say it's from China because the silk came from there.
Maybe, but then the printing method should also sound Chinese.
And it sounds in Greek. "serigrafia". "silk" and "image" (scripture)
And all of Greece, with all its antiquity, is Christ.
Who in Greece tore the lion's mouth with his hands.
And immediately after that, with the same hands, I could teach silk-screen printing.
In addition, Christ himself was a painter.

And the image of the still young Christ, he was 18 years old then, was very skillful and lively. Some kind of flight.

Let us finally admire this magnificent and very famous couple with Christ hovering above them!

Thumbnail from Wikipedia.

Vsevolod Glebovich is very reminiscent of his grandfather Vladimir, with his resin-black hair.

By the way, the Alans, now they are Ossetians, our blood brothers. There is a Temple in Vladikavkaz dedicated to Davyd Soslan and Queen Tamara, his wife.
This is the brother of Vsevolod and Christ Mstislav Glebovich Davyd.
And Davyd on the fresco is written correctly Davyd.
Oh, and he was handsome, this greatest Russian Warrior, the First Son of Christ!

Let us be overwhelmed, Lord!
Let's get crazy!