Religion in Vietnam. Diversity of religions in Vietnam. Sects and new religious movements

Several very different religions coexist in Vietnam, including world ones (Buddhism, Christianity, Islam). Buddhism predominates. A separate page on this site is dedicated to him. However, according to a 2005 American Pitzer College study, in Vietnam up to 81% of people were atheists. In the past, Confucianism played a major positive role in the life of the country. During the recent period of rapid change, strong Confucian traditions contributed to maintaining stability political life Vietnam.

Catholicism

Catholic Christians make up 5-7% of all believers. Catholic Church loyal to the authorities. The Vietnamese government has always had difficult relations with the Vatican, but dialogue continues.

Relations between authorities and Catholics can be complex. There are disputes over land around Catholic churches. Some Christian sects (Mennonites, Montagnards), especially those living in remote mountainous areas, are in strong opposition.

Many Catholic churches built by the French during colonialism remain intact and functioning. They are also interesting objects for tourists to see. Each of these temples is individual.

Cao dai, hoa khao, Islam, Hinduism, Balamon

In the Mekong basin there are relatively new religious sects: Cao Dai ("Supreme Palace") and Hoa Hao ("Harmony and Nobility"). Cao Dai is based on the teachings of Buddha, Christ, Confucius, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy and other great people. The three main Cao Dai saints are 20th-century Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat Sen, 19th-century French writer Victor Hugo, and Vietnamese poet Nguyen Binh Khiem.
The main temple of Hoa Hao is located in Tay Ninh province near Ho Chi Minh City.

Hoahao combines the ideas of Buddhism, Taoism and a number of other religious movements. In the 1940s and early 1950s, both sects supported separatism in some territories, even creating their own armed forces. The number of supporters of Caodaism is about 2.5 million, and the followers of Hoahao number half a million.

The mountain peoples of Vietnam retained early primitive beliefs. Part of the Cham people, who inhabited the kingdom of Champa in what is now central Vietnam, adheres to Hinduism, another to Islam, and a third to Balamon.

Orthodoxy

In the town of Russian oil specialists in Vung Tau there is a Orthodox church. Part of the Russian colony in Vietnam's largest city, Ho Chi Minh City, has a meeting place for worship on the biggest dates of Christianity.
Representatives of the Vladivostok diocese and the Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church regularly visit Vietnam.
The issue of constructing a chapel in Cam Ranh on the territory of the memorial to the Russian-Vietnamese military brotherhood is being discussed.

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Many tourists learn about the Cao Dai religion only when they get to the territory of the Dalat pagoda, which belongs to Cao Dai. And no wonder. Compared to other religions, Caodaism is very young. Founded it Vietnamese Ngo Van Trieu in 1926.

Ngo Van Trieu (the first Cao Dai patriarch) was well acquainted with the religions of the East and West, and it is also known that he was involved in spiritualism. Cao Dai is a combination of Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Catholic Christianity, ancestor worship and revelations received during seances(the practice of communicating with spirits is quite common in China and Southeast Asia, and children learn this at temples). According to legend, Ngo Van Chieu saw a supreme being who ordered him to create a religion that would unite all the world's main beliefs.

Almost simultaneously with Ngo, another Vietnamese, Le Van Trung (the second Cao Dai patriarch), a retired senior official of the French colonial administration, became interested in communicating with spirits. He received a revelation from the spirit of the medieval Chinese scholar Li Tai-Po, who also tasked him with creating a new religion.

In 1925, three more Cochin officials (Cochin is a French colony covering southern Vietnam), independent of Ngo Van Trieu, began communicating with a spirit that introduced itself as AAA. During a seance on Christmas Day 1925, AAA reported that he was God and his name was Cao Dai.

Cao Dai: the name and commandments of the new religion

The short name of the religion is Đạo Cao Đài (Vietnamese Cao Đài - “Big Eye”), the full name is Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ - “The Great Path of the Third Age of Salvation.” The symbol of religion is the “divine eye”, which Ngo Van Chieu once saw.

Caodaism is an interweaving of different religious and secular philosophies of the East and West and an attempt to create an ideal religion.

Caodaism is based on Buddhist ideal good man» . This can be achieved by observing certain commandments:

• don't kill
• don't steal
• fast and abstain,
• live modestly
• don't lie.

Cao Dai teaching believes that there were three eras in human history

At the beginning- the era of Creation and Ignorance, people lived simply. They wanted to eat - and they ate, they wanted to drink - and they drank, that’s all. But people began to lose their natural kindness, and God appeared to them in the form of Moses (Christianity, Judaism), Dipankar Buddha (Buddhism), Huangdi (Taoism), Fusi (genius). But envy developed further and further in people.

Second era— Progress, Wars and Self-Destruction, when everyone did what they thought was right, which led to chaos. God revealed himself through Buddha Shakyamuni (Buddhism), Lao Tzu (Taoism), Confucius (Confucianism), Christ (Christianity), Muhammad (Islam), Kuong Thai Kuang (Genius), But people continued to degrade further to complete moral and spiritual collapse .

Third era- Annihilation and Preservation, when God decided to appear in the form of Cao Dai, directly revealing the teachings to all beings.
Why did Cao Dai choose Vietnam? Because the Vietnamese have managed to get acquainted with all religions in their history and they can accept Cao Dai better than others.

Seances and mediums

Cao Dai believes that people do not cease to exist after death, and is very active in attracting mediums to contact spirits.

The most common methods of spiritualistic seances:

• Mediums move a platform along a special table, which alternately points to letters, numbers and words.
• The mediums support the shaking table and recognize messages by knocking and movements.
• Mediums use a special apparatus consisting of a basket and long sticks with a pointed end: a pen attached to the stick writes out texts during the session, which are deciphered by third parties.
• The medium places a blank sheet of paper in an envelope in front of the altar; after a while, when it is removed, the paper contains a message from the spirit.

Cao Dai mediums come into contact with such figures as Victor Hugo, Joan of Arc, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and Rene Descartes.

Exactly Much of the sacred literature of Caodaism was compiled during seances.

The goal of Cao Dai is to escape from rebirth and merge with the One God

The goal of Cao Dai is to escape the wheel of rebirth and merge with the One God - Cao Dai. This is achieved by external and internal practices.

External practices are, first of all, cultivation love for all living beings and refusal to kill living beings, life according to the principle “don’t do to others what you don’t want to do to yourself.” In addition, you should do certain things every day rituals in the Temple or at home.

Prayers, which should be recited when offering incense, starting a meal, going to bed and in other situations, arose from higher revelations and are expressed in the form of beautiful, elegant poems.

Internal practices are meditations on unifying oneself with the Supreme and freeing yourself from desires. One should be content with little and live in harmony with Nature. Inner practice is the true development of the Higher Self.

Meditation in Cao Dai is called Thien Din and means concentration of consciousness and keeping the mind from wandering.

Also used in Cao Dai esoteric techniques working with internal energies (energy is directed along the spinal canal, especially concentrating in the heart, navel, at the base of the spine and at the top of the head).

Vegetarianism is considered a form of self-purification. But there are fasts of varying severity, the least strict of which provides for a vegetarian diet only six times a month.

Cao Dai Saints

Among the saints of the Cao Dai religion are: Leo Tolstoy and Victor Hugo.

Cao Dai Temples

In Cao Dai temples, ceremonies are held four times a day: at noon, midnight, 6 am and 6 pm.

The temples are more or less exact replicas of the very first Caodaism residence, which was located in Tay Ninh Province. The service includes ritual bows and meditation accompanied by smooth, quiet music.

Two theories of the origin of religion

There are two theories regarding the emergence of a new religion in Vietnam. Both theories are related to Western influence to one degree or another.

In the first case, it is assumed that religion arose in the course of natural evolution and this is a kind of renewed Buddhism. At the same time, the Western influence of Catholicism is obvious, which can be seen, for example, in the organizational structure of religion.

Another version of the emergence of Caodaism is directly related to the colonialists. There is an opinion that religion was artificially created by the French intelligence services. The missionaries were unable to massively convert the country's inhabitants to Catholicism, so a religion more loyal to the colonialists than Buddhism was needed. At the same time, local national traditions throughout the country supported the cult of ancestors. None of the local religions denied it, which also had to be taken into account. And according to the Caoda teachings, human souls, when they die, do not cease to exist, therefore representatives of the religion practice communication with spirits through spiritualistic sessions.

In the second half of the 20th century it was carried out trial, as a result of which specific names were named of people who could be the true creators of the religion. Among them were the governor of Cochin (a French colony covering the south of Vietnam) Le Fol and intelligence officers Latapi and Bonnet.

History of the Cao Dai religion

Caodaism was recognized as the official religion in 1926 and began to quickly gain followers. Within a year, their numbers reached 26,000, many of whom were Vietnamese employees in the French colonial administration. In the mid-50s, already every eighth Vietnamese was an adherent of this religion.

After the death of the second patriarch Le Van Trung in 1934, the first split occurs between the remaining two founding fathers. Pham Cong Tac (1890-1959) was able to establish himself as patriarch in Tay Ninh, and his rival Nguyen Ngoc Tuong founded his own community in Ben Tre province. At this time, the Pham Cong Tac community established contacts with Japan through the Vietnamese diaspora.

Despite the fact that one of the main commandments of Caodaism was “do not kill,” in 1942-1945, during the short-term Japanese occupation of Vietnam, its own Cao Dai army, which is part of the South Vietnamese army and reaches a strength of 50,000 people. The Japanese began to gather an army. Later, the French continued to expand its numbers. The leaders of the Cao Dai army received general ranks and positions in the pro-colonial Saigon government. Thus, the French and Japanese, vying for control of Vietnam, tried to use the Cao Dai religious movement as their weapon.

When Vietnam unified (we are talking about the reunification of northern and southern Vietnam after the end of the Vietnam War), Cao Dai Tay Ninh was deprived of its lands (nationalized), and several Cao Dai leaders were tried and executed for collaborating with the French intelligence services. Religion itself was placed within strict limits; in particular, spiritualistic séances were prohibited.

But in 1985 In 2016, about 400 temples were returned to the Cao Dai religious community. The persecution of Cao Dai ended, and religion was able to spread freely.

Hierarchy in Caodaism

The hierarchy of the Cao Dai Church is based on the structure of the Catholic Church, but the clergy in in this case is not professional. All followers of religion have worldly profession, which is considered an important nuance.

Both men and women can be clergy. But still, the male clergy is in charge and women cannot occupy positions above the cardinal.

The clergy is required celibacy.

The main leader is considered hofap(guardian of teaching). This word is usually translated into European languages ​​as "dad". On this moment there is no person who holds this title. Previously, the guardian of the teaching was Pham Kong Tak, who was one of the founders of the religion.

The patriarch, senior cardinals and cardinals are also considered high positions. Even lower in the hierarchy are archbishops, bishops, priests, deacons and temple ministers. The number of temple servants may not be limited. The number of priests can reach 3000 people. Higher positions also mean a smaller number of clergy holding them. For example, there should be three senior cardinals and cardinals in a given hierarchy.

Some researchers believe that during the colonial disputes, this hierarchy was merely decorative, while real power was concentrated in the hands of the field commanders of the auxiliary forces of the colonial troops of France. The organization that ensured control over the population was the parish system. They were responsible for propaganda, courts and organizing tax collection. But at the moment the colonial era is over and Cao Dai is a peaceful religion.

However, according to a 2005 American Pitzer College study, in Vietnam up to 81% of people are atheists.

In the past, a major positive role in the life of the country was played by Confucianism. During the period of recent rapid change, strong Confucian traditions contributed to maintaining the stability of Vietnam's political life

Catholicism in Vietnam

Christian Catholics make up 5-7% of believers. Numerous Catholic churches built by the French during colonialism have remained intact despite the oppression of Buddhists in South Vietnam by its pro-American ruler in the 1970s, Ngo Dinh Diem, who was a Catholic. The Catholic Church is loyal to the authorities.

WITH Vatican The Vietnamese government has always had a difficult relationship. During Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung's visit to the Vatican in January 2007 and meeting with the Pope, ways to better harness the potential of Vietnamese Catholics for the benefit of Vietnamese society were discussed.

However, relations between the authorities and Catholics are not as good as we would like. For example, Catholics in the capital, Hanoi, have been putting pressure on the government since December 2007, holding rallies demanding the return of Vatican the building of his former embassy in Hanoi, which was previously converted into state ownership, and other lands on which buildings of private firms and government organizations stand.

For example, on August 15, 2008, many parishioners under the leadership of the pastor of the Thai Ha parish in Hanoi broke the wall surrounding the Chien Thang clothing company, entered its territory and installed a statue of the Virgin Mary and crosses, and also erected huts in which they performed prayers.

Some Christian sects(Mennonites, Montagnards), especially those living in remote mountainous areas, are in even harsher opposition.

Cao dai, hoa khao, Islam, Hinduism, Balamon

In the Mekong basin there are relatively new religious sects: Cao Dai ("Supreme castle") And hoahao ("Harmony and Nobility").

Cao Dai is based on the teachings of Buddha, Christ, Confucius, Victor Hugo, Leo Tolstoy and other great people. The three main Cao Dai saints are 20th-century Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat Sen, 19th-century French writer Victor Hugo, and Vietnamese poet Nguyen Binh Khiem.

Hoahao combines the ideas of Buddhism, Taoism and a number of other religious movements. In the 1940s and early 1950s, both sects supported separatism in some territories, even creating their own armed forces. The number of supporters of Caodaism is about 2.5 million, and the followers of Hoahao number half a million.

The mountain peoples of Vietnam have retained early primitive beliefs, some of the Cham adhere to Hinduism, the other - Islam.

Part of the Cham national group professes religion Balamon.

Orthodoxy

In the town of Russian oil specialists in Vung Tau there is a Orthodox church. Part of the Russian colony in Vietnam's largest city, Ho Chi Minh City, has a meeting place for worship on the biggest dates of Christianity.

Vietnam Representatives of the Vladivostok diocese and the Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church regularly visit.

The issue of constructing a chapel in Cam Ranh on the territory of the memorial to the Russian-Vietnamese military brotherhood is being discussed.

Criticism from Washington

Until recently Vietnam criticized by the US for violations of religious freedoms and civil rights. At the end of 2006, he was removed from Washington's blacklist.

In 2004-2005 Vietnam adopted the Decree on Beliefs and Religions and the Guidelines for Protestant religious organizations"These documents contain a ban on forcing the Vietnamese to renounce their faith.

Religious communities were able to increase the number of clergy. For example, in 2005, 57 Catholic priests were ordained in Hanoi. A number of Protestant churches, closed in early 2001, have been reopened and registered. The number of registered religious organizations has increased.

However, from time to time, Vietnamese authorities are under attack by the US State Department for the arrests of individual priests who, in fact, are engaged not in religious, but in political affairs using church platforms.

Officially Socialist republic Vietnam guarantees freedom of religion (Article 24 of the Constitution).

According to the 2004 census, 81 percent of the population is not religious, but these figures may be falsified by government influence, and the actual number of atheists may be much lower; In addition, among people who indicated that they have no religion, there may be many who practice traditional religious beliefs, for example, ancestor worship.

The first religions to come to Vietnam were Mahayana Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism; they are called three religions (tam giáo).

According to Pew, most Vietnamese people practice traditional religions, worshiping spirits, gods and mother goddesses (45.3%), folk beliefs that have gained popularity since the 1980s.

Petr Ruzicka, CC BY 2.0

Buddhism is the second most popular religion in the country, it is professed by 16.4% of Vietnamese, about 8% are Christians, mostly Catholics, and about 30% are non-religious. Minorities profess Hinduism, Islam, Protestantism, Hoa Hao, Cao Dai.

General information

Despite the fact that in the 1999 census the majority of Vietnamese identified themselves as non-believers, a variety of beliefs and cults are inextricably woven into daily life countries.

One of the most widespread practices is ancestor worship, common to Chinese and other Asian cultures.

Almost all Vietnamese homes have an ancestral altar, where various rituals are performed, an example of which is the anniversary of death, and advice is sought from them when necessary.

Belief in ghosts is widespread, and it is believed that if rituals are not performed, the spirit of the ancestor will turn into a hungry ghost (ma đói).

A 2002 Pew Research Center survey found that 24% of the Vietnamese population considered religion “very important.”

Story

The earliest types of religion in Vietnam are animist and totem cults.

The designs on the Dong Son drums had ceremonial and probably religious significance; they contain images of birds, which suggests the existence of a cult of birds among the ancient Viet.

Another common symbol in early art is the dragon; The Viets revered the dragon king Lac Long Quan, who, according to legend, is the father of all Viets. The golden turtle god Kim Quy appears to the kings of Hoan Kiem Lake during difficult times (the most famous case is his appearance before Le Loi when he took the Thuan Thien sword from the god.

Animals, mountains, rivers and other elements of nature were considered animated protectors of people who worshiped them.

After the Vietnamese met the Chinese, the borrowed “three teachings” were integrated into the ethical and moral system of society, enriching traditional religious beliefs and giving them new facets.

[Socialist Republic of Vietnam; ò ], state in South-East. Asia. Territory: 332.6 thousand square meters. km. Capital: Hanoi (approx. 2.5 million people - 2000). Largest cities: Ho Chi Minh City (over 5 million), Haiphong (1.5 million). Official language - Vietnamese.

Geography

In the south and east it is washed by the South China Sea. It borders: in the north with China, in the west with Laos and Cambodia. Most of the territory is occupied by mountains (Fansipan, 3143 m). The climate is tropical monsoon.

Population

According to 2003 data, the country has approx. 81.6 million inhabitants. More than 54% of the population is between 15 and 64 years old, 40% is under 15 years old. Women make up 51% of the population. The average life expectancy in the country is 70.5 years (men - 67.58, women - 72.7). The population growth rate in 2003 was estimated at 1.29%. 20% of the population live in cities.

V. is inhabited by 54 nationalities. Linguistically, they belong to 3 families: Sino-Tibetan, Austroasiatic. and Austronesian.

The most numerous nationality - the Kinh (self-name - Viet) in 2003 was approx. 87.5% of the population are Chinese, Thai, etc. amounted to 5-10%. Vietnamese speaking Vietnamese. language of the Viet-Muong group Austroasiatic. language family, live throughout the territory of Europe, forming subethnic groups with small nations in the mountainous regions. The Chinese number approx. 1 million people concentrated mainly in Ho Chi Minh City. Khmers (approx. 850 thousand people) live ch. arr. in the Mekong Delta region and in Ho Chi Minh City.

Dr. The peoples of Vietnam are divided into the following language families and groups: Austroasiatics, who speak Thai languages ​​- Thai, Nung, Tai, Lao, Zey, Santiai (Shantiai), Ly, Bui; in the languages ​​of the Meo-Zao group - Meo (Hmong), Zao; in the Mon-Khmer languages ​​- Bakhnars, Sedangs, Mnongs, Ma, Kokho, Khre, Stiengs, Khmu, living in the southwest. parts of the country. The Pleiku and Dak Lak plateaus are home to peoples who speak Malayo-Polynesian languages ​​of the Austronesian family - Jarai, Ede, Raglai, Tyuru, Ede-Bih. The language of the Malayo-Polynesian group is also spoken by the Chams (Tyams). Sino-Tibetan. The language family is represented by Tibeto-Burman. branch to which the Hani, Fula, Lahu, and Lolo people belong.

State structure

Vietnam is a parliamentary republic consisting of 61 provinces, special districts and 4 cities of central subordination: Hanoi, Haiphong, Da Nang and Ho Chi Minh City (formerly Saigon, merged with Teulon (Cholon)). In admin. units are government bodies elected by the population. authorities - people's councils, their term of office is 4 years.

According to the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam of 1992, the highest state body. The government is a unicameral National Assembly, consisting of 498 deputies, who are elected for a 5-year term by direct universal suffrage. The head of the state is the president, elected from among the deputies by the National Assembly. The term of office of the president is 5 years. The President is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces and heads the National Defense and Security Council. He has the right to appoint, with the consent of the National Assembly, officials to a number of responsible positions, including the posts of Chairman of the Supreme People's Court and Prosecutor General. The head of government is the prime minister, who is responsible for the day-to-day activities of the government. He, with the approval of the National Assembly, appoints and removes members of the cabinet, can cancel or suspend the execution of decrees and decisions adopted at the level of ministries and departments, and is accountable to the highest legislative body countries.

V. A. Radaev

Religion

Of the total number of citizens of V., the number of believers is approx. 20 million people; of these, 55% are Buddhists, 27.5 are Catholics, 5% are Protestants (belonging to both registered and unregistered organizations). Such new religions are widespread. movements like Cao Dai (10%), Hoa Hao (5%). To a small extent there are followers of Islam, Hinduism, and Baha'iism (Baha'i faith). In remote mountainous regions of V. before the present. Since then, there have been a few followers of animism, not mixed with any other religion. tradition. 70% of the population practices the cult of veneration of ancestors, and combines it with belonging to a cult. other religions or do not identify themselves with any religion. denominations. Mn. The Vietnamese build tombs in memory of their ancestors or install an altar at home. On Memorial Day, the 3rd day of the 3rd month of the lunar year, followers of this religion visit the graves of their ancestors. Rich people rebury their ancestors in the hope that this will bring prosperity to the family.

Buddhism

There are 10 million believers in Britain: Mahayana Buddhists (9 million people) live throughout the country, especially in the densely populated areas of the north. and south deltas, a smaller part - in high mountain areas, although migration to these places changes the situation. Theravada (Hinayana) Buddhism is practiced by the Khmer minority (1 million people) in the south, in the Mekong Delta.

Orthodoxy

The number of Orthodox Christians permanently residing in the country, mostly foreigners, is insignificant - no more than 1.5 thousand believers.

Catholic Church

in Vietnam there are 3 metropolises: Hanoi (headed by Archbishop Joseph Ngo Quang Kiet), Hue (headed by Archbishop Etienne Nguyen Nhu The) and Ho Chi Minh City (headed by Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City Card. Jean Baptiste Pham Minh Man). Metropolises include 25 dioceses, 2559 parishes, which number 44 bishops, 2004 diocesan priests, 408 hieromonks, 5 permanent deacons, 2315 monks, 9548 nuns. The total number of Catholics is approx. 5.5 million people

Protestant churches, denominations

According to data for 2004, in V. approx. 350 thousand people are members of the only officially registered Protestant. org-tion - Evangelical Church of Vietnam. However, twice as many believers are members of numerous unofficial organizations. small churches (so-called Small Churches or House Churches), most common in rural areas where ethnic minorities live. 200 thousand Protestants belong to the Muong, Thai and other ethnic groups of the north-west. provinces where the house church movement was inspired in the beginning. 80s XX century radio stations from the Philippines in the Muong language, and in subsequent years by various missions, mainly Muong. OK. 350 thousand Protestants from the Ede, Jarai, Banhar, and Kokho peoples live in the highlands of the Center. B. The Mennonite Church has 26 communities with a total number of believers of 1,100 people. The Assemblies of God number 46 communities, uniting 3 thousand people. Neo-charismatic organizations are the fastest growing religions. movements in V. by the number of believers. According to a rough estimate, followers of unofficial. house churches are 175 thousand people. There are 7,625 Seventh-day Adventists in Britain, who make up 31 communities. Mormons (Church of Jesus Christ of Saints Last Days) have several hundreds of followers scattered throughout the country, with the greatest concentration in major cities such as Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi. Some became members of this organization before 1975, others joined it while in exile in Cambodia.

Sects and new religious movements

In 1957, representatives of the J. Wycliffe Bible Translation Agency (Wycliffe Bible Translators) began working in the country, translating the Holy Scriptures. Scripture on various languages B. The distribution of Bible translations was carried out by such organizations as the VEKP, the Pocket Testament League, and others. In 1973, the work on translating the Holy Scriptures. The writings in numerous languages ​​of V. were continued by linguists of the International Organization of Living Bibles (Living Bible International) together with employees of the KhMA and ABPU. With the help of the United Bible Societies (UBS), they were able to translate the NT into more than 20 of the 30 mountain languages ​​of the United Kingdom. The first complete translation of the Bible into the mountain language was the Rade Bible, published in 1974, the same year The New Testament and the Protestant collection were translated into the mountain language of Jarai. hymns. According to data as of 2003, in Vietnam there is a complete translation of the Bible in 4 languages ​​(Lao, Khmer, Yue, Rade), a translation of the NT in 12 languages, and in 20 languages ​​there are translations of individual parts of the Holy Scriptures. Scriptures - Old and New Testaments.

In the 60s in V. it was founded approx. 10 specific to Vietnam. Protestant. organizations, the largest of them are the Vietnamese Church of Christ, founded by immigrants from the Philippines, the Church of God, etc. Church of Christ.

In 1972, at a meeting of Protestant leaders. V.'s organizations with representatives of the National Council of Churches of the USA protested against Amer. occupation. Similar contacts were made with the leaders of the World Council of Churches in 1973, when there were 276 employees from 23 foreign missions in southern Britain. After graduating from Vietnam. After the war in 1975, these organizations were dissolved and their representatives were expelled from the country. In connection with the unification of the northern and south parts of V. and the formation of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976, it was decided to recreate a single Protestant. organization - the Evangelical Church of Vietnam (ECV).

Until 2001, in the north of Europe, only 15 parishes belonging to the ECB had legal status. From 1988 to present At the time, the ECB did not hold annual meetings and did not elect the head of the governing body, since the ECB was unable to agree with the government on a new head of the organization.

In April In 2001, the state granted legal status to the Southern Evangelical Church of Vietnam (SECV), which is a branch of the ECV in the south of Vietnam. However, local authorities recognize only 20 of the several. hundreds of communities that became part of the SECV in the central regions of Britain, where a large number of legal and small house churches joined the SECV even before its recognition. With the permission of the government of the South Central Asia in February. 2003 opened a theological school in Ho Chi Minh City, where 50 students study.

V. A. Radaev, E. Nebolsin

Orthodoxy

In the 30s XX century archbishop Shanghai John (Maksimovich) spent a long time in the port of Saigon, organizing the transfer of Russians. refugees to the Philippines. In con. 90s during the first missionary trip of St. ROC Dionysius Pozdnyaev served prayer services and performed the sacrament of Baptism in Hanoi and in the city of Vung Tau in the south of East. On Dec. In 2000, the chairman of the DECR MP, Metropolitan, visited the country on an archpastoral visit. Smolensky and Kaliningrad Kirill (Gundyaev). According to the results of his trip, St. The Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church decided on the advisability of opening a parish of the Russian Orthodox Church in Vung Tau.

First Orthodox The liturgy in Vung Tau was celebrated in the spring of 2001 on Holy Thursday by an employee of the DECR MP priest. Vladimir Alexandrov. In July of the same year, St. The Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church blessed the opening of a temple in Vung Tau in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, where priests of the MP come to conduct services.

Religious legislation

Art. 70 of the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam secures freedom of conscience and religion for citizens of Vietnam, and also declares the equality of all religions. confessions before the law. Principles and policies of the CPV and Vietnam. States in relation to religion are also determined by Directive No. 37 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam of July 2, 1998 “On work with believers in new conditions” and Government Resolution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam No. 26 of April 19. 1999 “On Religious Activities”, which specify constitutional provisions and are aimed at ensuring unhindered religion. activities, provided that freedom of conscience and religion will not be exercised contrary to the laws and policies of the state. The Decree of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam dated July 13, 2004 “On religion and religious activities” regulates the activities of religions. organizations, believers and clergy in accordance with local legislation; The document provides for the procedure for registering religions. org-tions in V. Art. 1 states that the state guarantees believers the right to freedom of conscience and practice of religion. cults, confession or non-confession of k.-l. religions, as well as the equality of all religions before the law. Citizens must show religious tolerance. Art. 4 guarantees the protection by law of pagodas, churches, mosques, mon-rays, and other religious buildings. communities and religions. educational institutions. Art. 6 provides that the relations of states and other national or international organizations, the activities of which are related to religions. issues will be built on the principles of respect for each other's independence and sovereignty, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality, mutual benefit in accordance with their rules and international law and practice. Art. Article 9 secures the right of believers to freely profess and express their religion. views, pray, participate in religion. activities and religions. rituals, to study the foundations of the faith they profess. Art. 12 establishes the responsibility of religions. organizations for registration in local people's committees of their annual religious programs. activities and provides that religion. Activities not specified in the registered program are carried out with the permission of the competent authorities. Art. 15 stipulates the possibility of suspending religions. or related activities in cases of violation national security, public order, national unity and cultural traditions, attacks on life, health, human dignity, property rights and in other cases of violation of the law. Art. 16 recognizes religion. status for organizations if the doctrinal principles of the religion they profess do not contradict morals and customs, as well as the interests of society; if their statutory documents and guidelines are closely related to the people and do not contradict the norms of the law; if their religion. the activity is registered and carried out on an ongoing basis; if they have a legal office, structure and representation; if their name does not repeat the name of another organization recognized by the competent authorities. An organization that has its own structures with a single leadership center in more than one province or one city is registered by the Prime Minister, and within one province or one city this is done by the chairman of the People's Committee. Art. 19 clarifies that the activities of religions. associations within one rural or urban district, provincial center or city of provincial subordination are subject to registration in the people's committees of the districts where they operate. If this activity covers more than one rural or urban area, provincial center or city of provincial or central subordination, then religion. associations are registered by provincial people's committees. Relig. associations whose activities extend beyond the boundaries of one province or city of central subordination are subject to registration by the central government body responsible for religion. activity. Art. 20 determines the possibility of functioning of Mon-Rei and other places of joint worship after their registration by the competent state authorities. organs. Art. 22 suggests Vietnam. citizenship of persons invested with religion. power and holding elected positions in religions. associations, as well as their compliance with the norms of law, behavior, morality and public ethics, the presence of a sense of national solidarity in them, and their understanding of the need for national revival. Relig. organizations are required to register these persons with the competent state authorities. authorities, as well as promptly inform the state. authorities to defrock them or to release them from their elected positions. Art. 24 fixes the norm, according to the cut, for the opening of theological schools according to religion. vocational training Prime Minister's permission required. According to Art. 25, relig. ceremonies outside sacred buildings are permitted with the permission of the people's committees of the rural or urban areas where they are held. If they extend beyond the boundaries of one rural or urban region, provincial center or city of provincial subordination, permission to hold them is given by the provincial people's committee. Art. 37 obliges foreigners coming to Vietnam to observe Vietnamese laws. laws, import religions. literature, articles and publications of religions. character only for one's own needs. They are subject to the same conditions for worship in sacred buildings as for the Vietnamese. believers. They are required to respect the rules for religions. org-tions. In accordance with Art. 38, if this decree contradicts the country’s obligations arising from the signed Vietnam. state of an international treaty, acts as the overriding provision of an international treaty.

Lit.: Fall B. B. The Political-Religious Sects of Vietnam // Pacific Affairs. 1955. Vol. 28. N 3. P. 235-253; Vietnam: the Christianity, the Gospel, the Church. Phil., 1967. P. 20-27; Missions and Organizations in South Vietnam / Ed. R. E. Reimer. Saigon, 1973. P. 50; Grigorieva N. IN . To the question about the perception of Christianity in the Far Eastern countries. area: Christianity and tradition. religious syncretism in Vietnam // Orthodoxy in the Far East: 275th anniversary of the Russian Spiritual Mission in China. St. Petersburg, 1993. pp. 147-151; Androsov V. P . Dictionary of Indo-Tibetan and Ros. Buddhism: Main names, main. terms and concepts. M., 2000. P. 64; Atnashev V. R . The spread of Islam in Tampa is an example of intercivilizational contacts // East Asia - St. Petersburg - Europe: Intercivilizational contacts and economic prospects. cooperation: Abstract. and report Intl. scientific Conf., Oct. 2-6. 2000. St. Petersburg, 2000. p. 113-118; Kolotov V. N. South Vietnam: new technologies for managing a colony // Ibid. With. 169-182; Novakova O. IN . Catholic Church in modern times Vietnam in the light of contacts between two civilizations: Western European. and Dalnevost. // Ibid. pp. 245-248.

IN . A . Radaev