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Basic groups of complex sentences A lesson in learning new material. Topic: Main groups of complex sentences according to their meaning. Complex sentences with subordinate modifiers Complex sentences main groups with

Complex sentences are complex sentences in which one simple sentence is subordinate in meaning to another and is connected with it by a subordinating conjunction or a conjunctive word.

Such a sentence may consist of two or more simple sentences, one of which is the main clause, and the rest are subordinate clauses.

The subordinate clause can come before the main clause, after it, or even in the middle.

Subordinate clauses serve to explain either one member in the main sentence or the entire main sentence as a whole.

Subordinate clauses are attached to the main clause with the help of subordinating conjunctions expressing different meanings, or with the help of allied words.

Unlike conjunctions, allied words not only connect subordinate clauses with the main one, but are also members of subordinate clauses.

Subordinating conjunctions:

Simple: what, so that, how, when, while, as if, as if, if, exactly, barely, only, although, for, etc.

Compounds: because, since, because, in view of the fact that, due to the fact that, etc.

Conjunctive words:

Relative pronouns: what, who, which, which, what, whose, how many, etc.

Pronominal adverbs: where, how, when, where, where, why, etc.

The words what, how, when in IPP can be both conjunctions and allied words.

In the main part of the NGN, demonstrative words can sometimes be used: that, such, all, everyone, no one, there, then, etc.

Main groups of complex sentences

Based on their meaning and structure, SPPs are divided into three main groups. Subordinate clauses in these complex sentences correspond to three groups of minor members of the sentence: definitions, additions and circumstances.

1. Determinatives (including pronominal-definitive ones)

2. Explanatory

3. Circumstantial:

* mode of action, measure and degree (how?, in what way?),

* time (when?, what time?),

* places (from where?, to where?, where?),

* goals (why?, for what purpose?),

* reasons (why?, why?),

* conditions (under what condition?, in what case?),

* concessions

* comparisons

* consequences

SPPs can have not one, but several subordinate clauses.

Types of complex sentences

Based on what the subordinate clauses refer to and how they relate to each other, three types of SPPs with several subordinate clauses are distinguished.

1. SPP with sequential subordination of subordinate clauses. With such subordination, the first subordinate clause refers to the main clause, the second - to the first subordinate clause, the third - to the second subordinate clause, etc. The specificity of the subordinate clauses is that each of them is a subordinate clause in relation to the previous and main one. relation to the next one.

2. SPP with homogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses. With this subordination, all subordinate clauses refer to one word in the main clause or to the entire main clause, answer the same question and belong to the same type of subordinate clause.

3. SPP with heterogeneous subordination of subordinate clauses (or with parallel subordination). With this subordination, subordinate clauses include:

a) to different words of the main sentence or one part to the entire main sentence, and the other to one of its words;

b) to one word or to the entire main sentence, but answer different questions and are different types subordinate clauses.

Complex sentences are mainly used in written language, but especially widely in the language of fiction.

REPETITION. INSTEAD OF PERFORMANCE, ADD ONE CLAUSE AT A TIME TO THESE SENTENCES. WRITE USING PUNCIPATION. DRAFT AN OUTLINE OF THE COMPLETED SENTENCE. 1. 2. Books should be read like this. . . It's easier on a hike. . .

REPETITION. RESTRUCT THESE SIMPLE SENTENCES INTO COMPLEX SENTENCES, REPLACING THE HIGHLIGHTED SECONDARY CLAUSES WITH SYNONYMOUS SUBJECT CLAUSES. BE SURE TO USE INDEX WORDS. 1. Newspapers wrote about the construction of a new school in our area. 2. The master watched the work of the young mechanic and wrote something down in his notebook.

TYPES OF SUBJECT CLAUSES. Determinative adverbial explanatory The classification is based on a question to the subordinate clause and a means of communication.

CLAUSE CLAUSES. They answer the question: what? 2. Explain the noun or other word in the meaning of the noun in the main predicative part. 3. They join the main sentence using a) conjunctions which, which, where, where, from, when, whose, what b) conjunctions that, as if, as if. There are people who carry with them throughout their lives the feelings they acquired in childhood or adolescence. 1.

1. They were sitting in the garden where the orchestra was playing. 2. The morning when this story begins was cloudy, but warm. 3. We met an acquaintance whom we had not seen for a long time.

EXPLORATIVE CLAUSES: Answer case questions. 2. Explain words with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling or state in the main predicative part: a) verbs: speak, say, report, think, understand, realize, feel, hear, see, decide, regret, rejoice, complain, etc. d; b) adjectives, nouns, state category: right, glad, confident, happy, guilty, sorry, necessary, rumor, message, news, etc. 1.

3. They are attached to the main predicative part using: a) conjunctions: what, so that, as if, how, whether (a particle with the function of a conjunction); b) allied words: who, what, where, where, from where, how, how much, why, why, etc. Suddenly it seemed to me as if a string rang weakly and pitifully in the rooms. My father demanded that I go with him. He told what his brother brought him.

ADVERTISEMENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Time Places Goals Causes Conditions Concessions Consequences Mode of action Measures and degrees of Comparison

1. SUBJECT CLAUSES OF TIME: Indicate the time of the action in the main predicative part; 2) When do they answer questions? how long? since when? How long? ; 3) They join with the help of conjunctions when, while, as soon as, barely, before, while, until, since, as suddenly, before. When the count returned, Natasha was discourteously glad to see him and hurried to leave. 1)

The main predicative part may contain demonstrative words then, until, after that, etc., as well as the second component of the conjunction (then). I sit until I start to feel hungry. [decree. word until], (until). When you eat fresh cucumbers in winter, your mouth smells like spring. (When), [then].

If in the main predicative part there is a demonstrative word then, in the subordinate part the means of communication is the conjunctive word when. The poet feels the literal meaning of the word even when (s.l.) gives it in a figurative meaning.

CLAUSES OF TIME SHOULD BE DISTINCTIONED FROM OTHER CLAUSES ATTACHED BY THE CONJUNCTION WORD WHEN. 1) I saw Yalta in the year when Chekhov left it. (in what year?) (= in which) 2) Mokhov repeatedly asked me when he could be discharged. (asked about what?)

SUBJECT CLAUSES OF PLACE: 1) indicate the place (space) where what is said in the main clause takes place; 2) answer the questions where? Where? where? ; 3) are joined with the help of allied words where, where, from. Go along the free road where your free mind leads you.

The main predicative part may contain demonstrative words there, there, from there, nowhere, everywhere, everywhere, etc. Where the river goes, there will be a channel. Where the wind blows, the clouds float from there.

CLAUSES SHOULD BE DISTINCTED FROM OTHER TYPES OF CLAUSES, WHICH CAN BE JOINED USING CONJUNCTIVE WORDS WHERE, WHERE, FROM. 1. 2. And Tanya enters the empty house where our hero recently lived. (to which house?) (= in which). I began to remember where I went during the day. (remember what?)

SUBJECT OBJECTIVES: Indicate the purpose of what is said in the main predicative clause; 2) Answer the questions why? for what purpose? For what? ; 3) They are joined with the help of conjunctions in order (to), in order to, in order to, then so that, in order to (obsolete). I woke up Pashka so that he wouldn’t fall off the rails. You must not only love, but also be loved in order to be happy. 1)

UNDER SPECIAL LOGICAL Stress, a composite union may fall apart. IN SUCH A CASE, THE CONJUNCTION SO REMAINS IN THE SUBJECT PART, AND THE INDEX WORD APPEARS IN THE MAIN PART. I mention this solely to emphasize the unconditional authenticity of many of Kuprin’s things.

CLAUSES OF OTHER TYPES OF PURPOSE SHOULD BE DISTINCTIONED FROM CLAUSES WITH CONJUNCTION SO THAT. I want the feather to be equal to the bayonet. (I want what?) The landing time was calculated so that we could get to the landing site at dawn. (was calculated how? How?)

ADDITIONAL CAUSES: 1) indicate the reason for what is said in the main predicative part; 2) answer the questions why? for what reason? ; 3) join with the help of conjunctions because, because, since, for, because of the fact that, due to the fact that, thanks to the fact that. All work is important because it ennobles a person. Thanks to the fact that we staged new plays every day, our theater was eagerly attended.

UNDER SPECIAL LOGICAL Stress, a composite union may fall apart. IN SUCH A CASE, THE CONJUNCTION THAT REMAINS IN THE SUBJECT PART, AND THE INDEX WORD APPEARS IN THE MAIN PART. That is why people are dear to me because they live with me on earth.

SUBJECT CONSEQUENCES: 1) indicate a consequence, a conclusion that follows from the content of the main predicative part; 2) answer the questions what follows from this? what happened as a result of this? ; 3) always join using the conjunction so. The heat kept increasing, so it became difficult to breathe. Subordinate corollaries always come after the main predicative clause.

CLAUSE CONDITIONS (CONDITIONAL). 1) indicate the conditions for the implementation of what is said in the main predicative part; 2) answer the question under what condition? ; 3) are joined with the help of conjunctions if, if...then, when (= if), when... then, if, as soon as, once, in case if. If I get sick, I won’t go to the doctors.

IF THE CLAUSE IS IN FIRST PLACE, THEN THE SECOND PART OF THE CONJUNCTION MAY BE IN THE MAIN PREDICATE PART -. THEN Since we started talking, it’s better to finish everything to the end.

ADDITIONAL CONDITIONS (CONDITIONS). 1) the subordinate clause reports an event in spite of which the action is carried out, an event named in the main predicative part; 2) answer questions no matter what? in spite of what? ; 3) are joined Ø by conjunctions although, although...but, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, let, let Ø by allied words in combination with the particle neither: no matter how much, no matter how much, no matter what.

EXAMPLES: And although he was an ardent rake, he finally fell out of love with abuse, and the saber, and lead. Even if the rose is plucked, it still blooms. It was quiet and cloudy in the steppe, despite the fact that the sun had risen. No matter how much I love you, once I get used to it, I will immediately stop loving you.

COMPARATIVE CLAUSES: 1) the content of the main predicative part is compared with the content of the subordinate clause; 2) the question cannot be asked; 3) are joined with the help of conjunctions like, exactly, as if, as if, as if, similarly as, as if, than...that. Like a swarm of midges flying towards a flame in summer, flakes flew from the yard to the window frame.

CLAUSES WITH A DOUBLE CONJUNCTION... THEN INDICATE THE MUTUAL CONDITION OF THE PARTS. How smaller woman we love, the easier it is for her to like us. Subordinate clauses with the conjunction than refer to an adjective or adverb in the comparative degree from the main predicative clause. Time passed slower than the clouds crawling across the sky.

SUBJECT IMAGES OF ACTION AND DEGREE: 1) reveal the image, method of action or indicate the measure or degree of action, attribute indicated in the main predicative part; 2) answer the questions how? how? how much? in what degree? To what extent? ; 3) join with the help of Ø conjunctions that, so that, as if, as if, exactly, etc.; Ø allied words like, how much, how many, etc.

THE MAIN SENTENCE, AS A RULE, CONTAINS INDICATORY WORDS: 1) pronouns such (such); 2) adverbs so, so. The offensive proceeded as planned at headquarters. (how?) - subordinate clause of the manner of action. The old lady wanted to repeat her story as much as I wanted to listen to it. (how much?) - subordinate clause of measure and degree.

UNIQUE AND MULTI-SECONICITY OF CLAUSES OF ACTION AND DEGREE. 1) subordinate clauses are considered unambiguous if they are joined by allied words like, how many, how much. 2) subordinate clauses are considered ambiguous if they are joined by conjunctions (it is the conjunction that adds additional meaning): The white acacias smelled so strongly that their sweet smell was felt on the lips. (subordinate clause of measure and degree + additional meaning of consequence).

Beautiful girl should be dressed in such a way as to stand out from the surrounding environment. (adjective of manner of action + additional meaning of goal). This whole little plant sparkled at our feet as if it were made of crystal. (subordinate clause of measure and degree + additional value of comparison).

Sections: Russian language

General educational goal:

  • Give a general idea of ​​groups of complex sentences according to their meaning;
  • Strengthen the ability to determine the place of a subordinate clause in a complex sentence, ways of connecting it with the main one;
  • Improve your ability to place correctly punctuation marks, draw up SPI schemes.

Educational goal:

  • Cultivating learning motives and a positive attitude towards knowledge.

Developmental goal:

  • To develop the ability to identify essential features and properties;
  • Develop skills in partial search cognitive activity.

Equipment: textbook on the Russian language, sheets with text for each student, table.

During the classes

1. Organizational moment.

2. Lyrical minute ( setting an educational goal):

Since the world arose in darkness,
no one else in the whole world
didn't indulge in regret
about how he gave his life to learning.
Since the universe has existed -
There is no one who does not need knowledge.
Whatever language and age we take,
A person always strives for knowledge.

3. Setting the topic and purpose of the lesson.

  • We will continue to strive for knowledge.
  • What did we talk about in the last lesson?
  • Today we will continue our acquaintance with complex sentences and talk about the main groups of SPPs by meaning.
  • The goal of our lesson is to learn to identify the main groups of subordinate clauses, determine the boundaries of the main and subordinate clauses, and correctly place punctuation marks.

4. Repetition of the material covered.

Now let's remember what we know about NGN. If you agree with the statement, then put a “plus” in the margin of your notebook; if you disagree, then put a “minus”. So,

  1. A complex sentence is a complex sentence, the parts of which are connected using subordinating conjunctions and allied words.
  2. The NGN has two parts, and neither part depends on the other.
  3. The subordinate part of the SPP can only appear after the main one.
  4. Subordinating conjunctions and allied words are in the subordinate clause.
  5. Subordinating conjunctions in SPP are members of the sentence.
  6. Conjunctive words are members of a sentence.
  • Check the answer: 1.+; 2-; 3-; 4 + ; 5-; 6+.
  • Who was wrong in the first, second, etc. approval. Let's announce the correct answers.

5. New topic.

- Well done. Let's return to the topic of the lesson. Subordinate clauses do a lot of semantic work, so they are divided into several groups in accordance with the meanings that they express. These meanings are easy to understand if you learn to pose the question.

– Let’s analyze three sentences and ask a question from the main part to the subordinate part.

– Highlight the grammatical basis, explain the placement of the comma.

– What do these proposals have in common? ( This is an IPP, there is a main and subordinate part.)

- What is the difference? ( A question.)

- Let's write down the questions. ( Which? For what? What?)

– Which members of the sentence answer the same questions? ( Secondary members of the sentence.)

– Based on the name of the secondary members, the groups of subordinate clauses were named: attributive, explanatory and adverbial.

(As work progresses, a table is gradually created on the board)

Clause groups

Which? For what? What?
Definitive Circumstantial Explanatory
Relate to a noun, giving it a characteristic or revealing its attribute In the main sentence they refer to words with the meaning of speech, thoughts and feelings and clarify the meaning of these words Refers to verbs or words with adverbial meaning in the main clause and specifies place, time, reason, purpose.
Question: which one? Case questions Questions of circumstance
They are joined using allied words - pronouns, adverbs: what, who, which, where, where, from, etc. They are joined using conjunctions or allied words that, as, as if, etc. Join using conjunctions and allied words
Always found after the main one or inside the main one Always found after the main one They can be located anywhere in relation to the main one.

- So, what did you find out?

– How to determine the type of subordinate clause? ( You need to ask the question from main to subordinate.)

6. Consolidation.

Let's do exercise No. 8. Mark the boundaries of the sentences that make up the complex sentence. Indicate 1) grammatical basics; 2) conjunctions or allied words that connect subordinate clauses with the main one; 3) what parts of the sentence are the allied words; 4) ask a question and determine the type of subordinate clause.

  1. To the right he saw a large clearing in which stood a thick oak tree.
  2. Last years Opekushin spent his life in his native village on the banks of the Volga, where he was born and spent his childhood.
  3. Their feet were wet to the knees as if the guys had just forded a stream.
  4. They approached the river when the sun behind them was setting towards the distant forest.
  5. A wise man sees what he is after.
  6. I don’t understand why extraordinary luck began to accompany me.

7. Independent work.

No. 11. Insert the missing letters and missing punctuation marks. Highlight the boundaries of the main and subordinate clauses. Indicate whether parts of a complex sentence are connected by a conjunction or an allied word. Outline your proposal. Ask a question and determine the subordinate clause group.

  1. It was already completely dark when we set off.
  2. We went down into the depths where there were luxurious flowers and fancy trees and took a break.
  3. The acne dew left several tears on the petals, in which the sun played.
  4. How many times have they told the world that flattery is vile...not harmful.
  5. I didn’t know what to do in such a situation and was a little confused.

8. Summing up.




Warm-up game: Simple sentences in the NGN are mixed up. Unravel them and write down correctly The only beauty, it is impossible to treat it. The food is more tasteless than the disease that robs life. There is no worse enemy and thief that I know - this is health. If the disease is not defined, the more beneficial it is for health.


CHECK YOURSELF! (self-test) The only beauty I know is health. G. Heine The more tasteless the food, the healthier it is. A. Lesage There is no worse enemy and thief than the disease that robs life. “Mirror of Wisdom” If a disease is not identified, it is impossible to treat it. Samarkandi










Algorithm “The order of mental operations in the analysis of NGN” Determine the type of sentence; how many simple sentences are included in it (find and highlight grammatical basics). Find the main offer. Read the subordinate clause and determine its place in relation to the main one. Determine what the subordinate clause explains (the main thing, word or phrase); put the question from the main clause to the subordinate clause. Name the type of clause. Indicate the method of connecting the subordinate clause with the main one (conjunctions, allied words, intonation). Find out whether there is an indicative word in the main sentence. Explain punctuation marks. Create a graphical diagram of the proposal. Replenishing the methodological piggy bank of the “Schoolboy”




COMPARE: The heart had a presentiment of evil. My house is in a new area. We reached our destination in the evening. My heart had a presentiment that something bad would happen. The house I live in is in a new area. We reached the destination of our journey when evening came. Comparative analysis







Based on their meaning and structure, SPPs are divided into three main groups. The subordinate clauses in these complex sentences correspond to three groups of minor members of the sentence: definitions, additions and circumstances*.

Types of subordinate clauses

1. Determinatives (including pronominal-definitive ones) They answer the questions which? whose? Who exactly? What exactly? and refer to a noun or pronoun in the main part; are most often joined with the help of allied words which, which, whose, where, etc. and conjunctions that, so that, as if, etc. The native places where I grew up will forever remain in my heart; He who does nothing will achieve nothing; She looked with such an expression that everyone fell silent.
2. Explanatory They answer questions about indirect cases and usually refer to the predicate in the main part; are joined with the help of conjunctions that, so that, as if, whether, if, etc. and allied words where, where, how many, which, etc. I soon realized that I was lost; It seemed to him as if everyone around him was rejoicing at his happiness.
3. Circumstantial:
mode of action, measure and degree How do they answer questions? how? to what extent? in what degree? how much? and usually refer to one word in the main sentence; are joined with the help of conjunctions that, so that, as if, exactly and allied words like, how much, how much. We were so tired that we could not go further.
time When do they answer questions? From what time? until what time? how long? and usually refer to the entire main clause; joined with the help of conjunctions when, while, as, while, as, while, as long as, after, barely, since, only, slightly, before, as soon as, only just, just , only, just a little, earlier than, before. Until the rain stops, you will have to stay at home.
places Answer questions where? Where? where? and usually refer to the entire main clause; joined with the help of allied words where, where, from. People go to folklore practice where they are still alive folk traditions songs, tales
goals They answer the questions why? for what purpose? and usually refer to the entire main clause; are joined with the help of conjunctions so that, in order to, in order to, then so that, in order to, if only, yes, if only. To avoid getting lost, we took to the path.
causes Answer the questions why? from what? for what reason? and usually refer to the entire main clause; are joined with the help of conjunctions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, because of the fact that, then that, since, for, good, since, in connection with the fact that, especially since . Because the candle burned weakly, the room was almost dark.
conditions They answer the question under what condition? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join with the help of conjunctions if, if, when, if, if, how, once, how soon, whether... whether. If the weather does not improve within 24 hours, the hike will have to be rescheduled.
concessions Do they answer questions no matter what? in spite of what? and usually refer to the entire main clause; are joined with the help of conjunctions although, despite the fact that, despite the fact that, even if combinations of pronominal words with a particle no matter how, no matter where, no matter how much, no matter where. Despite the fact that it was already well after midnight, the guests did not leave; No matter how you bend a tree, it keeps growing.
comparisons They answer questions like what? like who? than what? than who? and usually refer to the entire main clause; are joined with the help of conjunctions as, likewise, as if, as if, exactly, as if, as if, that. The branches of the birch stretch towards the sun, as if they are stretching out their hands to him.
consequences They answer questions about why what happened? what follows from this? and usually refer to the entire main clause; join by means of a union so. The summer was not very hot, so the mushroom harvest should be good.

Explanatory subordinate clauses can be attached to the main clause using the particle li, used in the meaning of a conjunction. For example: He didn’t know if tomorrow would come. The conjunction particle whether can serve to convey an indirect question: They asked if we would go with them. REMEMBER: the main thing for determining the type of subordinate clauses is the semantic question. Conjunctions and allied words can add additional shades of meaning to NGN. For example: The village where Eugene was bored was a charming place. This is a complex sentence with a subordinate attributive, which has an additional spatial connotation of meaning.