And so on like that. Highlighting introductory words, introductory sentences and inserted structures in writing. Option without commas

Sometimes introductory words can puzzle even an experienced user of the Russian language. One of the most common problems is determining whether a word needs to be separated with commas. The phrase “thus” can easily be classified as doubt. For correct punctuation, it is necessary to find out whether the phrase is an introductory one, and in what context it is used.

How to decide if a given phrase is an introductory phrase

Everyone has introductory words and combinations have a distinctive feature that allows one to calculate their belonging to this class. Introductory phrases do not affect the meaning of the rest of the sentence. If you take them out of context, the main idea remains the same.

For example: “Next Thursday we might go to the theater.” When you remove the word “perhaps” from a sentence, the meaning does not change. Introductory words only make additions and clarifications to what is already available.

To further punctuate the phrase “thus,” it is necessary to determine whether it belongs to the category of introductory words.

Cases in which punctuation is necessary

If the phrase “thus” is introductory, punctuation marks are indispensable. You can determine its belonging to the introductory by its meaning. If a phrase is used to summarize, it acts as an introductory phrase. When it is used to draw a definite conclusion, it takes on the meaning of the words “thus” and “consequently.”

Wherever the phrase “thus” is located, commas are always needed. Here are 3 possible options:

The phrase is in the middle of the sentence. In this case, you need to select it on both sides.
The introductory construction comes at the very beginning of the sentence. Quite a common case, since this is the most logical placement for the introduction before the conclusion. A comma, sometimes a dash, is placed only after a phrase.
Combination with union. If a sentence begins with an inserted phrase preceded by the conjunctions “a” or “and,” a comma is placed only after the phrase.

You can often find such a use where the phrase is introductory in the context: “Thus, we come to the conclusion...”. This is all clear.

Synonyms for “thus” in each case are the following words: therefore, therefore, consequently, therefore, from which one can conclude, it follows. They are intended for summarizing and sequentially presenting thoughts in a sentence, text or speech.

Option without commas

The second way to use the phrase “thus” is as part of a sentence. In this case, it cannot be removed from the text, since the main idea or meaning will be distorted.

If the phrase is not introductory, then it acts as a simple circumstance, a phraseological figure. In this case, it acquires the meaning “in this way, in this way, in this way.” More emphasis is placed on the word “image,” which is now used as a way or method of doing something.

A phrase that is not introductory should not be highlighted with commas or any other punctuation marks.

Examples of use in context

You can only learn to distinguish introductory constructions in sentences and use correct punctuation marks through practice.

A good way to consolidate a topic and test your knowledge is to write dictations and place commas in phrases yourself. You can ask someone to read the examples below so that it is not possible to spot the correct punctuation mark placement ahead of time.

Examples with introductory phrases:

Late in the evening, therefore, the suspect did not have the opportunity to be at the crime scene. He has an alibi.
This is unlikely to be the case, and thus it can be argued that the option should not be taken into account when processing data.

Examples of sentences in which the phrase is not an introductory one:

The balance was thus maintained. The cat continued to move along the branch.
Equipment converted in this way lasts longer than usual.

It can be concluded

To learn how to quickly and accurately put punctuation marks into place, you need to know the rules well. There is no need to cram anything, because top scores shown by those who well understand the meaning of grammatical and punctuation rules rather than learning them by heart.

An important rule: you should not be content with a good understanding of the theory. It is better to debug in memory what has been honed in practice. In addition, only by training on real sentences can you speed up the search for the correct option.

Thus

introductory expression and adverbial expression

1. Introductory expression. Same as “therefore, means.” Indicates the connection of thoughts, the sequence of their presentation. Identified by punctuation marks, usually commas. For details on punctuation for introductory words, see Appendix 2. ()

The balance of power is thus would have turned out clearly not in favor of the United States - and the landing was planned in France. Yu. Semenov, Seventeen moments of spring. Thus, It wasn't a matter of bad or good taste. L. Kassil, A matter of taste.

2. Adverbial expression. Same as “so”. Does not require punctuation.

And as a result of such reasoning, he remained forever in the same silent state, uttering only occasionally some monosyllabic sounds, and acquired Thus title of the most boring person. N. Gogol, Overcoat. Thinking this way , he rushed forward. I. Ilf, E. Petrov, Bright personality. Relationships this way were restored, and all three sat down on the bench again. M. Bulgakov, The Master and Margarita.

Dictionary-reference book on punctuation. - M.: Reference and information Internet portal GRAMOTA.RU. V. V. Svintsov, V. M. Pakhomov, I. V. Filatova. 2010 .

Synonyms:

See what “thus” is in other dictionaries:

Thus- therefore, it follows from here, in this way, so, from which it follows, thus, it became, consequently, this, from which it is clear, from this it follows, in such a manner, in such a way of life, therefore, it turns out, in this manner, in this way, in such a spirit , so it turns out... ... Synonym dictionary

Thus- Unism. 1. In this way, so. With verb. nesov. and owls kind of: how? thus receive, achieve, fulfill, achieve, fulfill... Hard work, constant improvement of knowledge and skill - this is the only way to achieve success in... ... Educational phraseological dictionary

Thus- I still see this; in sign. introductory collocation Therefore, so. II in this way see image I; in sign. introductory collocation Anyway; hence. Thus, the meeting was scheduled for the morning. Thus, you refuse our... ... Dictionary of many expressions

Thus- after all, Benjamin acted exactly this way... Spelling difficult adverbs

Thus- adv. qualities circumstances 1. In this way; So. 2. Used as an introductory phrase, emphasizing the meaning of the result, the result of a previous action and the corresponding word: so. Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern Dictionary Russian language Efremova

Thus- *tsu taipara... Russian-Ingush dictionary

the way I do- adverb, number of synonyms: 4 in my opinion (23) just like me (4) just like me (4) ... Synonym dictionary

in the same way as- sentence, number of synonyms: 1 similar (20) ASIS Dictionary of Synonyms. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

Conjunction + adverbial expression; conjunction + introductory expression 1. Conjunction + adverbial expression. Same as “in this way”, “so”. An adverb does not require punctuation. Punctuation during conjunction depends on the syntactic structure of the sentence. Mother...... Dictionary-reference book on punctuation

part of a block of shares sold over a period of time in such a way as to avoid a decline in the market price- Can be part of an initial public offering program (placement of a new issue) or a secondary public offering after preliminary registration (shelf registration) ... Financial and investment explanatory dictionary

Books

Secret plans of the Nazis A new order for a conquered world This was how the world should have become after the victory of the Third Reich, McNab K.. What would Europe have looked like if Nazi Germany had won the Second World War? The Great German Empire (“Grossdeutsches Reich”), the creation of which Hitler dreamed of, was supposed to...

Thus, we find that the third factor in the etiology of neuroses, the tendency to conflict, depends just as much on the development of the ego as on the development of the libido. Our understanding of the causes of neuroses has thus deepened. First, as best general condition- forced refusal, then - fixation of libido, which pushes it in certain directions, and, thirdly, a tendency to conflicts as a result of the development of the ego, which rejects such manifestations of libido. The state of affairs, therefore, is not so confused and not so difficult to understand as it probably seemed to you in the course of my reasoning. Perhaps, however, this is not all. It is necessary to add something new and detail what is already known.

In order to demonstrate to you the influence of the development of the ego on the formation of conflicts and at the same time on the cause of neuroses, I would like to give an example, although completely fictitious, but in no way devoid of probability. Referring to the title of Nestroy's comedy, I will give the example the characteristic title “In the basement and on the first floor.” The janitor lives in the basement, and the landlord, a rich and noble man, lives on the first floor. Both have children, and let us suppose that the daughter of a householder is allowed to play unattended with the child of a proletarian. It can easily happen that children’s games will take on an obscene, i.e., sexual character, that they will play “daddy and mommy,” look at each other during intimate activities and irritate the genitals.

The janitor's girl, who, despite her five or six years, could observe something of the sexual life of adults, will probably play the role of a seductress. These experiences, even if they do not last long, are enough to activate in both children certain sexual impulses, which, after cessation, joint games for several years will be expressed in masturbation. This is the general thing, but the end result for both children will be very different. The janitor's daughter will continue to masturbate until she menstruates, then stop it without difficulty, a few years later find herself a lover and perhaps give birth to a child, follow one or another path in life that may lead her to the position of a popular actress, and end up life as an aristocrat. It is quite possible that her fate will turn out to be less brilliant, but in any case she will fulfill her destiny in life, without suffering from the premature manifestation of her sexuality, free from neurosis. Another thing is the landlord's daughter. Even as a child, she will begin to suspect that she has done something bad, and soon, but perhaps only after a hard struggle, she will give up masturbatory pleasure, and, despite this, some kind of dejection will remain in her. When in her girlhood she is able to learn something about sexual intercourse, she will turn away from it with inexplicable disgust and prefer to remain ignorant. She will probably now give in to the irresistible urge to masturbate that has once again seized her, about which she does not dare complain. In the years when a man might like her as a woman, she will erupt in a neurosis that will deprive her of marriage and hope in life. If, with the help of analysis, it is possible to understand this neurosis, then it will turn out that this well-bred, intelligent girl with high aspirations has completely repressed sexual feelings, and they, unconsciously for her, have been stuck in miserable experiences with a childhood friend.

There are rules in the Russian language, the formulation of which turns out to be quite complex, it is difficult to reduce it to some kind of elementary scheme (for example, the rule for spelling adverbs). At first glance, the rule for placing punctuation marks for introductory words, phrases and sentences consists of a single formulation - they are highlighted on both sides of the letter with commas. However, in fact, the difficulties associated with the use of introductory words and phrases in texts lead to a huge number of errors in the written work of schoolchildren and applicants.

Standard errors associated with punctuation in introductory words are the following:
The introductory word is not highlighted;
A word is highlighted that is mistakenly taken as an introductory one, but is not one;
The writer uses punctuation marks inaccurately when including an introductory word in the text.
In the first paragraph of this article you can find four cases of using the rule for punctuation with introductory words, although there is only one introductory word - “for example”. The word “however” is not introductory in the proposed context, performing the function of the conjunction “but”; the combinations “at first glance” and “in fact”, considered by many writers as introductory, are not such at all.

So, what words will be introductory and what are the features of using punctuation marks in introductory constructions?

Introductory words and sentences that are not grammatically related to the general structure of the sentence are called introductory. Introductory words are not parts of a sentence; they cannot be asked questions. Introductory sentences and plug-in structures are not included in general scheme sentences are remarks that are not related or not closely related to the general meaning of the sentence. Both introductory words and introductory sentences are isolated, that is, the writer uses an emphasizing punctuation mark - paired commas, dashes, parentheses.

Below we will try to understand the specifics of the rules for using introductory words and phrases in the text. In order for everyone to check how accurately they understood the proposed section of the rule, after each fragment they will be offered exercises for independent analysis. Our exercises are somewhat different from those offered in most teaching aids. These are not separate phrases, but a coherent text, not entirely traditional in content, but extremely rich in introductory combinations, which will allow you to more effectively work through the completed section of the rule.

Basic rule: The introductory word or phrase is separated by commas on both sides.

The main mistake of most writers is related to inaccurate knowledge of the list of introductory words. Therefore, first of all, you should learn which words can be introductory, which groups of introductory words can be highlighted, and which words are never introductory.

GROUPS OF INTRODUCTORY WORDS.

1. introductory words expressing the speaker’s feelings in connection with what was said: fortunately, unfortunately, unfortunately, to annoyance, to horror, to misfortune, what good...
2. introductory words expressing the speaker’s assessment of the degree of reliability of what he said: of course, undoubtedly, of course, indisputably, obviously, certainly, probably, possibly, true, maybe, should be, it seems, in all likelihood, apparently, essentially, essentially, I think... This group of introductory words is the most numerous.
3. introductory words indicating the sequence of thoughts presented and their connection with each other: firstly, so, therefore, in general, means, by the way, further, however, finally, on the one hand... This group is also quite large and insidious.
4. introductory words indicating techniques and ways of forming thoughts: in a word, in other words, in other words, or rather, more precisely, so to speak...
5. introductory words indicating the source of the message: they say, in my opinion, according to..., according to rumors, according to information..., in opinion..., in my opinion, remember...
6. introductory words, which represent the speaker’s address to the interlocutor: do you see, know, understand, forgive, please, agree...
7. introductory words indicating an assessment of the extent of what is being said: at most, at least...
8. introductory words showing the degree of ordinaryness of what was said: it happens, it happened, as usual...
9. introductory words expressing the expressiveness of the statement: jokes aside, it’s funny to say, honestly, between us...

Writers' mistakes are associated, first of all, with the incorrect characterization of a word as an introductory one, in other words, with the isolation of a word that is not an introductory one.

The following words are not introductory words and are not separated by commas in writing:
literally, as if, in addition, suddenly, after all, here, there, hardly, after all, ultimately, hardly, even, precisely, exclusively, as if, as if, just, meanwhile, almost, therefore, therefore, approximately, approximately, moreover, moreover, simply, decisively, as if... - this group includes particles and adverbs, which are most often mistakenly isolated as introductory ones.
by tradition, by advice..., by direction..., by request..., by order..., by plan...- these combinations act as non-isolated members of the sentence - On the advice of her older sister, she decided to enter Moscow State University. By order of the doctor, the patient was put on a strict diet. According to the author, the novel was supposed to cover the period up to 1825.

Task 1. Place the missing punctuation marks. Try to figure out which groups the introductory words used in the text belong to.

To my shame, I don’t read serious literature, preferring detective stories to it and speaking between us romance novels. Firstly, it seems that I don’t always correctly grasp the author’s intention, but I can well follow the twists and turns of the plot of a crime story. Secondly, I am absolutely not interested in descriptions of the fictional experiences of the characters, so I, as usual, skip almost half of the book. Apparently I am just one of those people who, to put it mildly, should not read “serious” literature. In addition, this literature, in my opinion, is often written by people who have not fully realized themselves in practical activities in other words, unemployed, and detectives are created by former and current employees of the competent authorities, who, you agree, have proven their right to understand the essence of what they are describing. Of course, from the point of view of style, these novels, unfortunately, seem to be copied from one another, but the plots can, without any doubt, excite even an honored philologist.
For example, one cannot help but be captivated by novels about the everyday life of police officers. According to literary scholars, these books are allegedly devoid of artistic merit. Therefore, reading such a work does not essentially develop our intelligence, but believe me, the pleasure of the process of complicity in the investigation of a bloody crime essentially adds so much adrenaline that intelligence increases as if on its own. Sometimes the reader guesses before the characters in the novel who, according to the author’s plan, is committing a crime. Maybe it is precisely this illusion of your superiority over the police officers participating in the action that gives you, among other things, a feeling of involvement in the novel’s plot, while unfortunately no one can even virtually imagine themselves as one of the heroes of a postmodern novel.
Further, any detective reading knows that evil will ultimately be punished and, of course, justice will prevail. Thus, these books provide an opportunity to hope for the triumph of good, and in my opinion, this alone is a fairly compelling reason for the publication of such works that essentially do not bother anyone. Maybe many will not agree with me, but you must agree, we all know people who have never mastered “War and Peace” and are unlikely to remember the contents of the novel “Oblomov”, but to be honest, even my friends, professors and academicians, often spend their leisure time leafing through new detective.

Depending on the context, the same words can act either as introductory words or as members of a sentence:

MAYBE and COULD BE, MUST BE, SEEMED act as introductory words if they indicate the degree of reliability of what is being reported - Maybe I’ll come tomorrow? Our teacher has been gone for two days; maybe he got sick. This must be your first time encountering such a phenomenon. I think I saw him somewhere. These same words can turn out to be predicates - What can a meeting with you bring me? How can a person be so dispensable! It should be yours independent decision. This all seems very suspicious to me.
OBVIOUSLY, POSSIBLY, SEEN turn out to be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of the statement - You obviously want to apologize for your action? Next month I may go on vacation. Apparently you don't want to tell us the whole truth? The same words can be included in the predicates - It became obvious to everyone that we need to look for another way to solve the problem. This became possible thanks to the coordinated actions of the fire brigade. The sun is not visible because of the clouds.
SURELY, TRUE, EXACTLY, NATURALLY turn out to be introductory when indicating the degree of reliability of what is being reported (in this case they are interchangeable or can be replaced with words of this group that are close in meaning) - You probably (= should be) do not understand how important it is to do this on time. You, right, are the same Sidorov? She was definitely a beauty. All these arguments, of course, are just our assumptions for now. These same words turn out to be members of the sentence (circumstances) - He translated the text correctly (= correctly, circumstance of the course of action). I don’t know for sure (=certainly, the circumstance of the course of action), but he had to do it to spite me. The student accurately (=correctly) solved the problem. It's natural (= naturally) led us to the only correct answer.
BTW is an introductory word if it indicates a connection of thoughts - He is a good athlete. By the way, he studies well too. This word does not act as an introductory word in the meaning of “at the same time” - I’ll go for a walk, by the way, I’ll buy bread.
BY THE WAY, it turns out to be an introductory word, indicating the connection of thoughts - Her parents, friends and, by the way, her best friend are against the trip. This word can be used as a non-introductory word in the context - He made a long speech, in which he among other things noted that he would soon become our boss.
FIRST OF ALL, as an introductory word, it indicates a connection of thoughts - First of all (=first of all), is it necessary to raise such a sensitive topic at all? The same word can act as an adverb of time (= first) - First of all, I want to say hello from your parents. It must be said that in the same phrase “first of all” can be considered either introductory or not, depending on the will of the author.
REALLY, UNDOUBTEDLY, UNCONDITIONALLY, PROPERLY will be introductory if they indicate the degree of reliability of what is being reported - From this hill, really (= exactly, in fact, without any doubt), the most best view. There is no doubt (=really, really) that your child is capable of music. He certainly read this novel. - or to the method of forming thoughts - That, in fact, is the whole story. These same words are not introductory if they appear in other meanings - I really am the way you imagined me (= in reality, in fact). He was undoubtedly a talented composer (= without a doubt, in fact). She is certainly right in offering us such a simple way to solve the problem (=very, quite right). I had nothing actually against the school, but I didn’t want to go to this one (=in general, exactly). The words “really” and “unconditionally,” depending on the intonation proposed by the speaker, can be either introductory or not in the same context.
THUS, NEXT, THEN, FINALLY, FINALLY as introductory words they indicate a sequence of thoughts - And, then, she turned out to be a celebrity. Next, we will talk about our conclusions. Thus (=so), our results do not at all contradict those obtained by other scientists. She is smart, beautiful and, finally, she is very kind to me. What, after all, do you want from me? Typically, sentences containing the above words complete a series of enumerations; the words themselves have the meaning “and also.” In the context above, the words “firstly”, “secondly”, “on the one hand”, etc. may appear. “Thus” in the meaning of the introductory word turns out to be not only the completion of the enumeration, but also the conclusion.

These same words are not highlighted as introductory in meaning: “in this way” = “in this way” - In this way he was able to move the heavy cabinet. “Next” = “then” - Next, the floor is given to the second opponent. Typically, time adverbials, such as “first,” are found in the previous context. “Later” = “then, after that” - And then he became a famous scientist. “Finally” = “at the end, finally, after everything, as a result of everything” - Finally, all the affairs were successfully completed. Usually in this meaning the particle “-that” can be added to the word “finally”, which cannot be done if “finally” is an introductory word. In the same meanings as above for “finally”, the combination “eventually” is not introductory - Eventually (= as a result) an agreement was reached.
HOWEVER, it is introductory if it is in the middle or at the end of a sentence - Rain, however, has been falling for the second week, despite weather forecasters. How cleverly I did it, however! "However" does not appear to be introductory at the beginning of a sentence or at the beginning of a clause complex sentence when it acts as an adversative conjunction (=but) - However, people did not want to believe in his good intentions. We didn't expect to meet, but we were lucky.
GENERALLY is introductory in the sense of “generally speaking”, when it indicates the way thoughts are formed - His work, in general, is of interest only to a narrow circle of specialists. In other meanings, the word “in general” is an adverb meaning “in general, completely, in all respects, under all conditions, always” - Ostrovsky is for Russian theater what Pushkin is for literature in general. According to the new law, smoking in the workplace is generally prohibited.
IN MY opinion, IN YOUR opinion, IN OUR opinion, IN YOUR opinion are introductory, indicating the source of the message - Your child, in my opinion, has a cold. Do you think this proves something? The word “in his own way” is not introductory - He is right in his own way.
OF COURSE is most often introductory, indicating the degree of reliability of the statement - We, of course, are ready to help you with everything. Sometimes this word is not isolated if it is intonationally highlighted with a tone of confidence, conviction. In this case, the word “of course” is considered an intensifying particle - I certainly would have agreed if you had warned me in advance.
ANYWAY more often it is introductory and used for evaluation - I, in any case, would not like to remember this. These words, in any case, indicate the seriousness of his attitude towards life. In the meaning of “always, under any circumstances,” this combination is not introductory - In any case, I had to meet him today and talk to him.
IN REALLY, more often than not, it is NOT introductory, speaking in the sense of “really” - Petya is really good at computers. I really have nothing to do with this. Less often, this phrase turns out to be introductory, if it serves to express bewilderment, indignation - Why are you really pretending to be a smart guy?
IN ITS TURN it can be introductory when it indicates the connection of thoughts or the way thoughts are formed - Among the many modern writers, Vladimir Sorokin is of interest, and among his books, in turn, “The Novel” can be especially highlighted. Having asked me to help him with his work, he, in turn, did not mess around either. The same phrase can be non-introductory in the meaning “in response”, “for one’s part” (= when it’s the turn) - Masha, in turn, talked about how she spent the summer.
MEANS is introductory if it can be replaced with the words “therefore”, “therefore” - The message is complex, which means it needs to be conveyed today. The rain has already stopped, which means we can go for a walk. If she fights us so hard, it means she feels she is right. This word may turn out to be a predicate, close in meaning to “means” - A dog means more to him than a wife. When you are truly friends with a person, it means that you trust him with everything. “So” can appear between the subject and the predicate, especially when they are expressed by infinitives. In this case, a dash is placed before “means” - To be offended means to recognize oneself as weak. To be friends means to trust your friend.
ON the contrary, it is introductory if it indicates a connection of thoughts - He did not want to offend her, but, on the contrary, tried to ask her for forgiveness. Instead of playing sports, she, on the contrary, sits at home all day. The combination “and vice versa”, which can act as a homogeneous member of a sentence, is not an introductory one; it is used as a word that replaces a whole sentence or part of it. – In spring, girls change: brunettes become blondes and vice versa (i.e. blondes become brunettes). The more you study, the higher grades you get, and vice versa (i.e. if you study little, the grades will be bad; the comma before “and” ends up at the end of the sentence - it’s like a complex sentence, where “on the contrary” replaces its second Part). I know that he will fulfill my request and vice versa (i.e. I will fulfill it, there is no comma before “and”, since “on the contrary” replaces a homogeneous subordinate clause).
AT LEAST it is introductory, if the assessment matters - Misha, at least, knows how to behave, and does not pick his teeth with a fork. This phrase can be used in the meaning of “no less than”, “at least”, then it is not isolated - She will at least know that her father did not live his life in vain. At least five from the class must take part in ski racing.
FROM VIEWPOINT is introductory meaning "in opinion" - From my grandmother's point of view, a girl should not wear trousers. Her answer, from the point of view of the examiners, is worthy of the highest mark. The same phrase may have the meaning “in relation to” and then it is not introductory - The work is going according to plan in terms of timing. If we evaluate the behavior of the heroes of some literary works from the point of view of modern morality, then it should be considered immoral.
IN PARTICULAR, it stands out as introductory if it indicates the connection of thoughts in a statement - She is interested, in particular, in the question of the contribution of this scientist to the development of the theory of relativity. The company takes an active part in charitable activities and, in particular, helps orphanage No. 187. If the combination IN PARTICULAR is at the beginning or end of the connecting structure, then it is not separated from this structure (this will be discussed in more detail in the next section) – I love books about animals, in particular about dogs. My friends, in particular Masha and Vadim, vacationed in Spain this summer. The specified combination is not distinguished as an introductory one if it is connected by the conjunction “and” with the word “in general” - The conversation turned to politics in general and in particular about the latest government decisions.
MAINLY it is introductory, when it serves to evaluate a fact, highlight it in a statement - The textbook should be rewritten and, mainly, such chapters should be added to it... The room was used on special occasions and, mainly, for organizing ceremonial dinners. This combination may be part of a connecting construction, in which case, if it is at the beginning or end of it, it is not separated from the construction itself by a comma - Many Russian people, mainly representatives of the intelligentsia, did not believe the government’s promises. In the meaning of “first of all,” “most of all,” this combination is not introductory and is not isolated - He was afraid of writing mainly because of his illiteracy. What I like about him mainly is his attitude towards his parents.
FOR EXAMPLE, it will always be introductory, but it is formatted differently. It can be separated by commas on both sides - Pavel Petrovich is an extremely attentive person to his appearance For example, he carefully takes care of his nails. If "for example" appears at the beginning or at the end already detached member, then it is not separated from this phrase by a comma - In many large cities, for example in Moscow, an unfavorable environmental situation is developing. Some works of Russian writers, for example "Eugene Onegin" or "War and Peace", served as the basis for the creation of feature films not only in Russia, but also in other countries. In addition, after “for example” there can be a colon if “for example” comes after a generalizing word before a row homogeneous members– Some fruits can cause allergies, for example: oranges, tangerines, pineapple, red berries.

Task 2. In the text below, place punctuation marks for introductory words. In the phrase in italics, all punctuation marks are missing, try to place them and explain what rules of the Russian language had to be used.

Student 6 "B" class Nikita Pryshchikov was undoubtedly a lazy person. Naturally, his laziness led to him getting bad grades at school, and therefore, of course, he was also a poor student. In general, he could sometimes fight his laziness and then, to the joy of all the teachers, he received a “B”, but Nikita did not often have the desire to overcome himself. By the way, his laziness extended only to doing homework and maybe some other unpleasant chores around the house, such as washing dishes and cleaning the room. But Nikita had time and energy for pranks, computer games and of course for football. Actually, Pryshchikov had nothing against going to school; some lessons, in particular physical education and drawing, even brought pleasure, but mathematics and mainly the Russian language caused unbearable suffering. First of all, he did not always understand the rule correctly, but perceived it in his own way, as it seemed to him more accurately. Further, Nikita could not apply this rule in practice, which means he made a lot of mistakes. Perhaps he needed more time to understand the material, but Nikita didn’t have it. Coming home from school, he first turned on the computer and played for at least an hour with a toy that was interesting and useful from his point of view. Then he ran into the yard and played football, demonstrating the agility and quick reaction undoubtedly inherent in a boy. He really loved sports, and then a boy needs to run and jump, in the end he must grow up strong and strong. Sitting at home and reading boring books means becoming lethargic and weak, and this in turn can lead to illness. In fact, isn't football more important than books? Nikita expressed these thoughts to his father, and he, in turn, supported his son and protected him from his mother, who, on the contrary, considered the most important thing to be “A” in the diary.
Then Nikita rested, watched TV or played on the computer again. After that, there were just 30 minutes left for lessons, because my mother demanded that I go to bed no later than 21.30. And it was precisely during these half-hours that laziness attacked Nikita, at least this state could only be called that way. The boy listlessly flipped through the pages of his textbooks, mainly trying to remember what was discussed in class and convincing himself that he already remembered everything, and closed the books. Thus, the lessons ultimately remained undone, and among the teachers the opinion grew stronger that Nikita Pryshchikov was undoubtedly a lazy person. You don't really think so?

Introductory words often raise doubts about whether a comma is needed and where it is placed. This also explains the question of whether a comma is placed in the words “thus” or not. The answer to this question depends on whether these are introductory words or not, as well as on what comes before or after this combination.

“Thus” is separated by commas

On both sides

If this combination is an introductory word, then a comma is needed.

Early in the morning, therefore, there was no way the suspect could have been in the city center.
The solution to this issue is therefore beyond my competence.

After the phrase

1. A phrase often begins with the words “thus”, since this introductory word indicates a certain conclusion, the result of what was said before. So the question whether “thus” is highlighted with commas or not at the beginning of a sentence must be answered in the affirmative, although a comma, naturally, is placed only after these words.

Thus, we have irrefutably proven that these triangles are similar.
Thus, I can conclude that the new drug has a beneficial effect on the patient’s condition.

2. A comma is placed only after “thus”, but not before it, if this combination is preceded by the conjunction “and” or “a”. That is, a comma, if necessary, is placed before the conjunction, and then after the introductory word.

No comma needed

The words “thus” may not be introductory, but an ordinary circumstance with the meaning “so”, “in this way”. In this case there is no comma.

He grabbed the rope, began to move along it with both hands, and thus got out of the water.
A sheet decorated in this way can be used for a congratulatory letter.