All about car tuning

Good quality bottled water. We choose the healthiest and safest bottled water. Where to buy a cooler, pump, dispenser for bottled water

In Europe, there has long been a rule to drink at least 2 liters of non-carbonated water daily, regardless of the number of first courses eaten and coffee, tea, and other drinks drunk. This norm is sacredly observed by people of any profession and any material wealth. In our country, people are also gradually joining this rule, but not everyone knows what kind of water is better to buy. There are so many of them on the shelves of stores that the eyes run wide. Few people meticulously read the information on the labels, moreover, it is often served in such small print that you need to take a magnifying glass. Therefore, among the abundance of brands, some choose the most famous, others - the one that is cheaper, believing that the water is all the same. This is not entirely true, because there is water of the highest category and the first, and among them there is natural and purified, which is far from the same thing. So what kind of water should be taken in order to benefit from it? Let's figure it out.

Why does the body need water

Even children know that we are all 80% water. Every day 500 ml is lost with sweat and breath, 1500 ml - with urine. Here, in order to restore the losses, you need to pour in yourself 2000 lost ml, only it should be high-quality drinking water. All this is true, but only in part.

Firstly, the figure of 80% is the average, but in fact, depending on age, weight and other indicators of water, each of us has a different amount. Secondly, we lose it also in different ways. More in the heat, less in the cold, more on the move, less on the couch. That is, someone needs to drink 2 liters of it, and for someone, even 3 will not be enough. But why drink it? Is it only to recover losses? It turns out that water can easily dissolve both organics and all kinds of chemical compounds, such as salts. Once in our body, it takes in a lot of harmful substances that are safely excreted in the urine. Thus, there is a natural cleaning of our systems from toxins and other muck. Of course, the best drinking water, that is, chemically purer, copes with this task much more efficiently. And one more important function of water is that chemical reactions take place in it and complex complex compounds without which we cannot live. That is why the loss of only about 10% of fluid by our body can end very sadly.

Types of drinking water

Now they write a lot about what drinking water of the highest category is. The rating of this product partly helps to find out which brand to buy. It is based on various analyzes and tests that determine compliance chemical composition water to GOSTs and SanPiNam. But the results of such checks are rarely displayed on the labels. But there is almost always evidence that water was extracted in such and such a region from such and such a depth, and other data that are not understandable to everyone are also reported. To clarify the situation, and perhaps even more confuse it, we note that in nature there are approximately 476 modifications of water, depending on which isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen make up its molecule. Naturally, the properties of these waters are different, and not all of them are equally beneficial to health. Fortunately, not all modifications can last long enough, and information about them is not displayed on the labels at all. What kind of water can be used for drinking? Its most famous types are:

  • light;
  • heavy;
  • soft;
  • hard;
  • underground (extracted from wells and aquifers);
  • mineral;
  • plumbing;
  • purified.

Categories of drinking water

Apart from the technical, which is not considered in this article, there are two categories of water - the highest and the first. Each country has GOSTs and SanPiNs for bottled drinking water that regulate their taste, color, chemical composition, and transparency. Drinking water of both categories, unless it is therapeutic mineral water, must be transparent, odorless, foreign impurities and sediment, in otherwise it should not be used at all. Regarding the chemical composition, higher requirements, of course, must be met by drinking water of the highest category. The rating, taken into account by many buyers, shows which brands of water that passed the quality control meet the standards. It is this product that becomes the most popular. Now about 700 types of drinking water are produced. It is clear that it is difficult to check all of them, and unscrupulous manufacturers can write anything on the label. How can an ordinary person distinguish high-quality water from a fake?

First, for the price. If the water is really extracted in an ecologically clean region, and even from a decent depth, then it has high production costs. Therefore, it cannot be cheap. If the water is of poor quality, the manufacturer does not risk setting a high price, since it is very important for him to quickly sell his product and get benefits before a possible test.

Secondly, according to the information on the label. On it, if indeed the water is of the highest category, the place of its production, the address and website of the manufacturer, and the chemical composition must be indicated. In reality, almost all elements from the periodic table can be present in natural drinking water, but most chemical elements are so small that they are ignored.

Basically indicate the content of such chemical substances and connections:

  • potassium (up to 10 mg/l);
  • magnesium (up to 20 mg/l);
  • sodium (up to 100 mg/l);
  • calcium (up to 20 mg/l);
  • nitrates (up to 45 mg/l);
  • chlorides (up to 100 mg/l);
  • sulfates (up to 30 mg/l);
  • bicarbonates (up to 300 mg/l).

Sometimes the labels indicate the pH of the water, which should be in the range of 6.5-7.5. The discrepancy of even one of these indicators does not give the right to assign the highest category to water.

Water is light and heavy

The taste, color, smell and one and the other are the same, but the usefulness is very different. Numerous experiments have proven that the best drinking water, which, among other things, has high healing properties, is light. It contains practically no impurities of deuterium (an isotope of hydrogen) and other heavy elements, therefore, the purification of the body from toxins, and all metabolic processes in it, are better. Light water even in the treatment of cancerous tumors helps. in which deuterium atoms are attached to the oxygen atom, it is harmless to humans if you drink it in small quantities. But there is no benefit from it either. In nature, deuterium molecules are found in any water, no matter how deep it is extracted from wells. It is logical that these molecules contain any drinking water of the highest category. There is no rating on this issue, but choosing bottled water, you can buy products from well-established brands, and at home make this good, but ordinary water easy way freezing in the refrigerator followed by thawing. What will melt, first of all, will be the cleanest drinking water in the world, which is most beneficial to health. And the rest of the ice after such a procedure is desirable to throw away, since it will collect all the harmful impurities.

Water soft and hard

With these characteristics, things are easier. Soft water or hard - depends on the content of magnesium and calcium salts in it. In small quantities, you can drink both, and in large quantities, hard water can lead to the formation of kidney stones, and soft water can lead to pressure problems. In everyday life, you can by eye. So, if there is too much calcium and magnesium salts in it, there will be little foam when soaping the hands, and if there is a shortage, it will seem that the soap is not washed off the hands. But when buying water in a store, no one conducts such experiments. Yes, this is not necessary, because the content of hardness salts in water is strictly defined by GOST and must be indicated on the label. AT different countries figures may vary slightly.

In Russia, from 01/01/2014, water hardness is measured in degrees and is indicated by "°F" or in milligram equivalents per liter, of which in drinking water should be at least 1.5 and not more than 2.5 units. Sometimes the labels do not indicate hardness, but the amount of calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+), as well as their salts (CaSO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, MgCl2). The amount of each salt is not regulated by GOST, it only indicates how many of them should be in total. If these standards are met, then we may well have drinking water of the highest category suitable for everyday use. The rating, in order to be high, must take into account the content in it of other useful trace elements, especially nitrates. As for the tests for magnesium-calcium, such well-known brands as Aqua Minerale, Dombay did not pass it, and there was a lot of chlorine in the water of the Holy Spring and Shishkin Les brands.

Mineral water

Now mineral water is freely sold in any store, so many people buy it as ordinary drinking water, being sure that mineral water is any where there are trace elements. In fact, mineral water is called water, extracted only from certain aquifers and having a strictly regulated chemical composition. Just this water of the highest category can have a rather unpleasant taste, smell, and sometimes even color and sediment, which depends on the salts with which it is rich. It is important to know that, despite the rich (indicated on the labels) chemical composition, water is not considered mineral if it is a mixture of natural and artificially made.

There will be no high-quality mineral water and water, which is a mixture extracted from various aquifers, but, unfortunately, this cannot be determined by the label. You can navigate here only by the names of brands. So, time-tested and well-reviewed natural drinking water is Borjomi, Narzan, Essentuki, Mukhinskaya, and in Ukraine - Mirgorodskaya, Kuyalnik, Polyana Kvasova. In terms of composition, mineral waters can be sulfate, hydrocarbonate, chloride, mixed, and in terms of the concentration of useful substances they can be table waters (trace elements in them up to 1 gram per 1 dm 3), medical table waters (trace elements up to 10 grams per dm 3) and medicinal. Every day you can use only the dining room without consulting a doctor.

Tap water and purified

Previously, no one bought bottled water, and even non-carbonated water, everyone drank tap water. There are also GOST and SanPiN standards for its purity, therefore, in principle, it should be suitable for drinking in any quantities. Tap water in most countries is subjected to several stages of purification: mechanical, coagulation, filtration, aeration, sterilization or, in other words, chlorination. Despite such a serious technology, the rating drinking water from the tap is one of the lowest, because it almost always contains large amounts of salts of various chemical elements, these elements themselves, such as chlorine, and sometimes pathogens. Therefore, we no longer want to drink such water.

Savvy entrepreneurs figured out how to capitalize on it and still do good. The method is simple and consists in additional cleaning. The cost of the whole process is relatively low, so the price of the product is low, although the label may indicate that the water is crystal clear, mineralized and generally the best.

However, a reasonable buyer should understand that the best bottled water cannot cost 5-10 rubles per liter and a half, even if it says “spring” or “artesian”. For comparison, bottled water, extracted from pure natural sources of the Alps, pulls 70-80 rubles per liter bottle.

But what is purified water? We use two methods: trusted by the people, although little understood, reverse osmosis and mysterious coagulation. Let's see how they work.

Reverse osmosis is the passage of water through several membranes with a microscopic texture, on which all the elements dissolved in water remain one by one. The result is almost perfectly pure, similar to distilled water. For health, it is not useful, because, once in the human body, it begins to replenish the useful substances removed from it, taking them away from our body. To prevent this from happening, manufacturers enrich it again, so the composition of trace elements indicated on the labels of such water may be correct, but the highest category is rarely assigned to it.

Coagulation consists in adding a coagulant (clarifier) ​​to ordinary water, which precipitates some chemicals and trace elements. After that, the water is separated from the sediment and bottled. The process is so cheap and easy that about 70% of all manufacturers use it. So, buying the cheapest drinking water, you can stumble upon a product that is not particularly suitable for health.

Water from the bowels of the earth

Wells of various depths (even more than 50 meters) are available to many Russians in their yards. It would seem, why should they buy bottled natural water, if you can use your own, also natural. However, such water shows the excess of microelements in it not by two, and not even by ten, but by several tens of times. Obviously, you can't drink it. The problem is that the entire thickness of the earth's crust, like a cake of cakes, is made up of geological layers - loam, sandstone, limestone and others. The closer to the surface of the earth and the closer to settlements, especially to industrial centers, the more chemical elements, garbage, waste products of people and animals are in the layers. All this easily falls into shallow water layers, so they can be used for drinking only after thorough cleaning.

The so-called high water, which is formed during floods and river floods, is also unsuitable for drinking. And yet, the bowels of the Earth can give us clean and healthy water, only to get it, you need to drill artesian wells. In different regions, their depth varies from 100 to 1000 meters. Needed water must be between waterproof layers of rocks and be under pressure there, therefore, from a drilled well it beats like a fountain. In many ways, artesian water is the best bottled water available in stores, despite the fact that it also contains some salts and trace elements. Manufacturers, as a rule, indicate on the labels from what depth and in what region their product was mined. If it is, for example, the Carpathians, the Urals or the Alps, whose ecological cleanliness no one doubts, we can safely say that such drinking water is of excellent quality. There can be dozens of brand names here. Which one to choose if there are no well-known and popular ones on sale? There is only one advice here - trust the information on the label.

Sparkling water

It is believed that soda quenches thirst better than plain water, that it is tastier and completely harmless. But is it useful? If we take European countries, for example Greece, the founder of the rule on daily and mandatory drinking of water, it is almost impossible to find soda in one and a half liter, and even more so two-liter eggplants. Such water is sold in a maximum of half-liter glass bottles, not counting the classic soda.

We have everything in a row, adding carbon dioxide to it. It really changes the taste, and besides, it helps the salts to stay dissolved and not precipitate. It is for this that they are enriched with carbon dioxide before bottling, because there are a lot of salts in them. Should non-mineral water of the highest category be carbonated? And why do this if there are not so many salts in plain water to be afraid of their precipitation, and the taste should be good even without carbon dioxide? The answer to these controversial questions may be the taste preferences of buyers, many of whom like soda.

Products of famous brands, whose manufacturers value their name, can be purchased safely, but when buying cheap soda, it is useful to think about whether there is something good in it, except for carbon dioxide. But high-quality carbonated water should not be drunk in large quantities, since CO2, which is part of it, activates the secretion of gastric juice, adversely affects enamel, and contributes to increased gas formation in the intestines.

Drinking water rating of famous brands

A single study that would cover all commercially available water, not forgetting the one intended for coolers, has not yet been conducted, so the rating of brands can be considered conditional, since it is based on selective checks. According to some data, Bon Aqua water is the best, followed by Holy Spring, Aqua Minerale, Arkhyz. According to others, "Holy Spring" and "Aqua Minerale" did not reach the highest category at all, and the first place was taken by the Nizhny Novgorod water "Dixie". Second and third places went to "foreigners", the French Vittel and Evian. Not only in Russia, but also in Europe, this is water of the highest category. Customer reviews about it are excellent, but absolutely all respondents note a high price.

Domestic "Lipetsk byuvet" is a little cheaper, but it also contains fewer trace elements. "Aqua Minerale" according to the results of the test turned out to be without trace elements at all, that is, almost sterile, although the label does not say this. But the waters Shishkin Les, Prosto Azbuka, Crristaline, Aparan, Holy Spring and even Bon Aqua, bottled in Moscow, were blacklisted due to gross violations of quality standards and deception of customers.

"A" - this is how the word "water" sounded in the language of the ancient Sumerians, and the first letter of the alphabets of almost all peoples also sounds. And, indeed, water is so important that without it there would be no life on Earth. But in the 21st century, when medicine and technology are very developed, we have moved far from nature, we have forgotten the wonderful properties of water that restore our health, we have lost folk recipes that can help each of us. One of these recipes is a harmonious diet and consumption of drinking quality water.

Young mothers or parent committees in schools are often looking for good quality water, but there is not much on the market for high-quality water and children's water. And sometimes parents just do not know how to choose it.

We all know how to choose quality products in the store, such as vegetables, meat. It turns out that water has its own quality. Water can also deteriorate like any product, it has special storage conditions (do not put it in the light, for example), a shelf life (the smaller the volume of water, the longer it is stored), some waters have added preservatives, as in food products.

Of all the waters, one can single out drinking water, which can be drunk without restrictions every day. The opposite is mineral water, which has healing properties (it also includes "table" water). In Russia, 4 categories of water quality can be distinguished: tap water, bottled water: 1 category, higher and for children. The lowest requirements are for tap water, and the highest for children.

The chemical composition, as well as the type of water source, will let us know how our body will absorb this water.

Everyone has tap water. (SanPin 2.1.4.1074-01 of 2002). In Moscow, the source of water from the tap is the Moscow River and the reservoirs of the Canal named after. Moscow-Klyazminskoye and Uchinskoye). Moscow tap water is of very high quality. It is checked by at least 56 indicators. Plus there are additional dimensions. Every year new filters are introduced: ozonation, membrane filtration, ultraviolet filter. But the SanPin documents refer to this water only from the point of view of its safety and harmlessness to the body. Since it is impossible to remove all harmful substances from the Moscow River. The list of chemicals that remain there after cleaning in scanty safe doses is given over 50 pages. To neutralize these substances, they mainly use the main water purifier: chlorine or its derivatives for water purification (sodium hypochlorite, for example). And even in the shower, we have to inhale its vapors, all harmful substances enter the bloodstream through the lungs, chlorine washes proteins out of the hair, and dandruff begins. In the digestive tract, water with chlorine kills our own immune bacteria - interferon. If you are cooking on tap water, then be sure to defend the water (preferably within 3 hours), freeze, and boil for a short time, while opening the window (this is how dioxins disappear). A chlorine filter would be nice too.

As a counterbalance to tap water, scientists from the Research Institute of Human Ecology and Hygiene environment them. A.N. Sysina developed San-Ping for bottled water. It is much better than tap water in quality. And the state prohibits the chlorination of bottled water. High-quality bottled water is simply necessary for those people who are in poor health, pregnant women, the elderly, children, and just people who want to reduce the use of toxic substances. It is known that the minerals included in the composition are better absorbed by the body from water than from food. In addition, very often when eating refined, frozen foods, and then cooked on fire, up to 80% of macro and microelements are lost, and when they are deficient, the body processes them into fats. Therefore, it is doubly necessary to replenish the reserves of trace elements with water.

Water category 1. This is the largest part of the water that is found today on the shelves of stores in Moscow and the Moscow region (60%), but not the highest quality. SanPin (2.1.4.1116-02) also refers to category 1 water only from the point of view of its harmlessness to the body. This water is improved compared to tap water. By origin, it can be natural (wells, wells, rivers, lakes, reservoirs), as well as artificially created (taken, for example, from a water supply system and cleaned up). Now any water can be made drinking water. Water must comply with GOST R 51232-98, GOST 2761, SanPin 2.1.5.980, all impurities are removed from it using the strongest filters, they are made essentially dead, and micro and macro elements are artificially added using solutions of mineral additives, for example, " Rosinki". Category 1 water allows the presence of preservatives, which is prohibited for children's water.

Top quality category. Water of the highest category for Russian market about 15%. This is physiologically complete water - water that has the properties of the internal environment of the body. It is checked here in Russia according to 93 indicators. Water of the highest category is much more harmonious for cells. San Ping 2.1.4.1116-02 on bottled water reflects many years of research by our and foreign scientists on the relationship between the mineral composition and our well-being. For simple drinking water, compared with mineral water, GOST is prohibited to attribute medicinal properties. However, due to the optimal composition of salts and other elements, water accelerates the processes of cell repair, tissue regeneration, activates metabolic processes in the body, flushes out toxins and waste from the interstitial fluid and the whole body, and helps with heartburn and pressure. With regular use of high-quality water, memory improves in children, and it is easier for them to pass the exam, in adults, stones in the kidneys and pancreas dissolve, the aging of the body slows down, the skin becomes elastic, wrinkles are smoothed out.

Water holds together solid structures in the cell itself, or rather in the cell membrane (a hydroskeleton is created in cells due to the “incompressibility” of water, and therefore, water protects bones and organs from impacts, serves as a lubricant for joints in the elderly.

SanPin 2.1.4.1116-02 of 2002 on bottled water defines this water as “optimal in quality (from independent, usually underground, water sources). Such a formulation suggests that water of the highest category can be not only natural (having a harmonious structure, memory), but also artificially created. AT recent times companies appeared that make water not only of the first category of quality, but also of the highest category. But water from a natural water source, of course, will be much more harmonious than artificially created water. However, iodine or fluorine can still be added to water if there is not so much of it in natural water. In fairness, it must be said that water, artificially created of the highest category, will also better than water 1st category in terms of their macro and micro indicators. Preservatives may also be added to premium waters. And for children's water it is forbidden.

About the water "table"!

There is another type of water - table water, which is the most controversial among scientists, and confusing to consumers.

“Table waters” are legally classified as mineral waters, which are medicinal waters. However, mineral waters have a certain formula, for example, chloride-sulfate, and are used for certain indications: iron deficiency anemia, chronic cystitis, urethritis, etc. You need to apply them for no more than 1 month and take a significant break.

"Table" waters general content minerals are classified as fresh, drinking water (mineralization 1 g / l), but in them, as well as in mineral water, there may be more of a separate component: chlorides, iron, etc. That is why it is important to see the content of the individual components on the label! And on the label, in addition to the fact that the water is “table”, recommendations for its use should be written. An increased content of any particular mineral can be dangerous for people with related diseases.

“Table” water accounts for a significant part of the water: 25% of all packaged water sold to the population and these are quite well-known brands of water that are supplied, including to children's institutions. The prices for some of them even exceed the price of baby water.

Bottom line: when choosing a water supplier, you should pay attention to the category of water. Be sure to check the water in the register of Rospotrebnadzor fp.crc.ru and carefully look at the certificate. It should be noted that in the certificate for category 1 water, the words “category 1” are not always written, but it is noted that the water of this brand meets the sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary and epidemiological supervision. And only in the link to the document on the Internet it is indicated that the water is of the 1st category. You should also ask for the complete chemical composition of the water.

Such data must be available, since any manufacturer has been issued a certificate or certificate for water, which should contain a complete list of analyzes for 93 indicators. Less information about the quality of water itself will be information about the awards of the enterprise, participation in various exhibitions, tenders and competitions.

The most important inscriptions on water labels (GOST on labels: GOST R 52109-2003, GOST R 51074-2003, GOST R 23109-03) are the name of the water, its type (category), date of manufacture, storage conditions, expiration date, chemical-physical composition of water (content of anions and cations, total mineralization, hardness). It is also important to indicate the source of water intake, that is, the number of the well. Manufacturers of natural water indicate the number of the well from which it is extracted. Manufacturers of "artificial" waters, as a rule, do not specify this.

About the importance of cooler sanitization!

Bottled drinking water reaches a person through a cooler and a pump. A very important point in maintaining water quality is timely cleaning of the cooler and pump. Sanitizing and replacing the pump is not an overkill, but a necessity. A dirty cooler and, as a result, blooming water, water with mold, smell may well cause poisoning.

You can not ignore the rules of hygiene when using the cooler: you must remove the labels from the bottles before putting the bottle on the cooler. Bottle labels, in addition to introducing dirt into the water, also clog the cooler taps.

It is necessary to take the bottle with clean hands, clean the neck of the bottle with water and the funnel with the needle into which the bottle is installed with a damp cloth.

If you drink water "Divo", then our organization recommends that you sanitize the cooler once every 6 months.

With intensive use of the cooler, it is advisable to carry out sanitization more often - once every 3 months.

It is also necessary to carry out sanitization of new equipment, and when moving from one water to another, after repair work in the room or after long-term storage cooler. In some cases, for example, new equipment, you can sanitize the cooler yourself at home: instructions. On our website you can also read the rules for connecting and operating the cooler in the "Equipment Maintenance" section.

So, now you know what water is best for your child to drink.

All criteria for choosing high-quality water are contained in the article:

Information from the National Consumer Protection Fund on the results of an independent comparative examination of bottled drinking water sold on the consumer market in Russia and Moscow.

The purpose of the project is to identify the main manufacturers and suppliers of bottled drinking water (including water for baby food) in the consumer market of Russia, the compliance of their products with quality and safety requirements, as well as the established rules for its circulation with federal legislation, the current regulatory and technical base, and practice. sales of drinking water in the EU and in the world. According to expert estimates, the volume of the bottled water market in Russia in 2002 amounted to about 1.4 billion liters, and the average annual growth rate over the past three years has exceeded 25%. Now experts estimate the capacity of the drinking water market at $80 million. The average Russian consumes a little more than 10 liters of bottled water per year, and in cities with a population of more than 100,000, 47 liters per person per year.

The task was to identify bottlenecks hindering the development of the drinking water market and its new segments, barriers to entry into the market for domestic and foreign manufacturers, reasons high level distribution costs, assortment, quality control and certification, as well as issues of classification of the products presented and the reliability of information for consumers regarding the origin of the goods, application, composition, storage conditions, etc. Naturally, the main task was to determine the safety of the products sold, their quality and physiological usefulness.

Leading manufacturers of bottled drinking water, interested in solving problems in this segment of the consumer market, whose trademarks and brands are known to a wide range of buyers, were invited to participate in the project:

  • LLC "NESTLE FOOD" - "Holy source"
  • LLC "AQUAIDEAL" - "Aquaideal"
  • OOO "Shishkin Les Holding" - "Shishkin Les"
  • COCA-COLA BOTTLERS SOFT EURASIA - "BonAqua"
  • "PEPSI BOTTLINK GROUP RUSSIA" - "AquaMinerale"
  • OJSC "Zelenogradsky source" - "Trinity" and "Baby" - children's
  • CJSC "Royal Water" - "Royal Water"
  • OAO Brewing Company Baltika - Khrustalnaya
  • CJSC "Ost-Akva" - "Chernogolovskaya"
  • OOO "PROFIL" - "Bereginyushka"
  • LLC "FKCHF BOBIMEKS" - "Senezhskaya" and "Malyutka" children's
  • CJSC "VEGA" - "Grow big" - children's water
  • OOO "MERAMIKS" OOO "LAZA" - "Sudogodskaya"
  • LLC "MTK ICEBERG" - Light drinking water "Langvey"
  • LLC "First Baby Food Plant", LLC "LIKUB" - "TIP-TOP"
  • LLC "AQUA PACK" - "Lady", Children's "Winnie"
  • DGP "ZELCOM" - "Moskovia"
  • CJSC "VISMA", Moscow branch "Visma Lux" - "Arkhyz"
  • SUE "FAUSTOVO" - Children's water "Babushkino Lukoshko"
  • LLC "MEGAPAK" - "Arktik"
  • "Wimm - Bill - Dunn Mineral Water" LLC
As a result of marketing research, the National Consumer Protection Fund offered to check the following, the most widely represented brands in the consumer market:
No. p / pNameManufacturer
1 "Grow Big"CJSC "VEGA"
2 "Tip-Top"OOO "LIKUB"
3 "Shishkin Forest"OOO "Shishkin Les"
4 "Baby""FKCHF Bobimex"
5 "Baby""Zelenograd source"
6 "Senezhskaya""FKCHF Bobimex"
7 "AquaMinerale""Pepsi Bottlink Group Russia"
8 "Arctic"OOO "MEGAPAK"
9 "WonAqua""Coca-Cola Bottlers Soft Eurasia"
10 "Vita Arkhyz"LLC "Visma - Arkhyz"
11 "Holy spring"OOO "NESTLE FOOD"
12 "Royal Water"CJSC "Royal Water"
13 "Nutrilak aqua"ZAO "Company Nutritek"
14 "Baby"CJSC "Russian Production Company"
15 "Chernogolovskaya"CJSC "OST-AQUA"
16 "Bereginya"OOO "PROFIL"

All drinking and non-carbonated waters are bottled in PET bottles.

In addition to manufacturers, the fund's project is supported by state federal and municipal structures, such as the Federal Body for Technical Regulation and Metrology, the Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of Russia, and the State Trade Inspectorate of Russia.

The selection of sampling points was decided by the Fund with the assistance of the State Trade Inspectorate and the active participation of the Moscow State Trade Inspectorate, taking into account consumer complaints.

The following outlets were selected for sampling:

  1. CJSC TD "Perekrestok", SEAD, district of Kuzminki at the address: Moscow, Zelenodolskaya 40.
  2. Grocery store 24 hours - CJSC "Valens Aktiv", SEAD, district of Kuzminki at the address: Moscow, Volgogradsky pr., 119a
  3. LLC "RITMTORG", r / a Filevsky park at the address: Moscow, st. Minsk, 22/35
On June 24, 2004, the National Consumer Protection Fund held a working meeting of fund experts, manufacturers, supervisory authorities and expert organizations to discuss the content of the examination, agree on the terms of reference and methodological features of expert studies of bottled drinking water, including bottled drinking water for baby food. A commission was formed for sampling in retail trade, consisting of representatives of the National Consumer Protection Fund, the state inspector of the Moscow State Trade Inspectorate and a representative from the Union of Commodity Producers.

Sampling was carried out in two stages on June 28 and 30 in accordance with Art. 9 of the Law of the Russian Federation of 08.08.01 No. 134-FZ, art. 26.4, 26.5, 27.10 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and GOST R 23268.0-78.

All selected samples were paid for by the fund in accordance with the established procedure and sealed with GTI-14 ice-cream in the presence of the commission and authorized representatives of trading organizations, about which protocols were drawn up.

Purchased and sealed identical batches of samples were delivered to the Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization "Soyuzexpertiza" of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, where they were transferred under the act to specialists for examination.

To conduct an examination of selected samples, the National Consumer Protection Fund entered into agreements with two expert organizations different forms property: the Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of Russia and the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization "Soyuzexpertiza" of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation (Main Expert and Analytical Center "SOEKS-TEST"). The examination was carried out in accordance with the unified terms of reference agreed with these organizations.

The examination period is from 28.06.2004. to 09.07.2004

157 samples of drinking water from 16 enterprises packaged in containers were sent for examination (of which 46 samples were water for baby food):

  1. Drinking natural non-carbonated water "ARKTIK" (Produced by: Megapak LLC, Russia, Moscow region, Leninsky district, Vidnoe, JSC "VZGIAP" kgorp. 452, under the control of Noor S.A.);
  2. Non-carbonated drinking water for children "GROW BIG" (Producer: CJSC "Vega" Russia, Moscow region, Chernogolovka village, Kommunalnaya st., 1.);
  3. Non-carbonated drinking water from an artesian well "SHISHKIN LES" (Manufactured in Russia: Shishkin Les Holding LLC, Moscow Region, Podolsky District, Shishkin Les, p. 30.);
  4. Drinking water non-carbonated hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium for children "MALYSHKA" (Russia, Moscow, Zelenograd, 5 microdistrict of JSC "Zelenogradsky source".);
  5. Drinking mineral water (hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium) non-carbonated table "VITA ARKHYZ" (Manufacturer: 000 "Visma-Arkhyz", Russia, KChR, Arkhyz village, Lenina street, 39. Well No. 130-K, Arkhyz village);
  6. Natural mineral water (hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium) non-carbonated "SENEZHSKAYA PREMIUM" (Manufacturer: "000 FKCHF Bobimeks t.m.", Russia, Moscow region, Solnechnogorsk district, Lozhka village. Wells No. 1 / GVK 46240620 and No. 2/GVK 46219780.);
  7. Natural mineral drinking water chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium-magnesium-calcium non-carbonated "SVYATOY SOURCE" (Producer: CJSC "Serebryany Istochnik", Russia, Kostroma, Simanovskogo st., 26a. Production address: Russia, Kostroma, st. Basic, 4. Wells according to the State Water Cadastre No. 341201043, 341201044, 341201380, Kostroma, Bazovaya St., 4.);
  8. Non-carbonated drinking water for children "NUTRILAK AQUA" (Production address: Russia, Moscow region, Istra, Moskovskaya st., 52. Well No. 2787 / GVK 207216. Manufacturer: CJSC Nutritek Company, Russia, Moscow, Kashirskoye highway, 21.);
  9. Non-carbonated drinking water for children "KROKHA" (Bottled: 3AO "Russian Production Company" Source: A spring in the village of Iskra, Aleksandrovsky district, Vladimir region. Shelf life 6 months).
  10. Non-carbonated drinking water "BONAQUA" (Manufactured by: (MO) Coca-Cola HBC Eurasia LLC, Nizhny Novgorod, Bauman st., 66. Manufacturer's branch: Moscow, Novoorlovskaya st., 7.);
  11. Non-carbonated drinking water "AQUA MINERALE" (Manufacturer: LLC "PepsiCo Holdings" Moscow region, Solnechnogorsk district, territory of the free economic zone "Sherrizon", building 1.);
  12. Mineral water hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium non-carbonated drinking table "SENEZHSKAYA MALYUTKA" (Manufacturer: OOO "FKCHF Bobimeks t.m." Russia, MO, Solnechnogorsk district, Lozhki village.);
  13. Drinking natural non-carbonated water "BEREGINYA" (Produced by LLC "Profil", Moscow region, Safonovo settlement, sanatorium "Ramenskoye", Artesian well No. 2/62. Manufacturer: 000 "Profile", Moscow region, Ramenskoye, st. . Communist, 35.);
  14. Drinking natural non-carbonated water "ROYAL WATER" (Production is located: Russia, Moscow region, Solnechnogorsk district, Lozhki village, Artesian well No. 144-91. 3AO "Royal water", Russia, Moscow, Denisovsky per., 23 , page 6.);
  15. Natural non-carbonated drinking water "CHERNOGOLOVSKAYA" (Russia, Moscow region Noginsk district, Chernogolovka, 23 km, 3AO "QCT-AQUA".);
  16. Children's drinking water "TIP-TOP" non-carbonated "Nizhny Novgorod, Savrasova st., 10).
Comprehensive expert work was carried out in the following areas:
  • organoleptic indicators;
  • microbiology;
  • radiological safety;
  • assessment of the safety of the chemical composition;
  • physiological usefulness of macro- and microelement composition;
  • definition of quality category; (assessment of these indicators was carried out in accordance with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water packaged in containers. Quality control")
  • compliance of the marking with the requirements of GOST R 52109-2003 "Drinking water packaged in containers. General specifications";
  • compliance with the requirements of GOST R 51074-2003 "Food products. Information for the consumer. General requirements", laws of the Russian Federation "On consumer protection", "On advertising", "On technical regulation", "On sanitary and hygienic well-being of the population", etc. The National Consumer Protection Fund also set the task of conducting a comparative examination of samples in order to verify the identity of the results obtained and the verification methods used in various expert organizations.
The results of the examination conducted by the Federal Center for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance of the Ministry of Health of Russia (FTsGSEN) and the Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization SOYUZEXPERTIZA (SOEKS-TEST) are reflected in the protocols and expert opinions for each sample.

Comparison of the results of examinations conducted in two expert organizations, with the generality of the main results, showed some discrepancy between the results for a number of indicators, although the research methods in the expert opinions are the same. This leads to the conclusion about the need for inspections and periodic supervision of the quality of work of expert organizations, testing of laboratory equipment and certification of specialists. In our project, this led to the need for additional checks and examinations in other expert organizations, as the producers tried to challenge the results. This led to an increase in the cost estimate of the fund, and in the daily turnover leads to additional costs for producers.

Examinations on controversial issues were carried out in independent expert organizations and research institutes, such as the Russian Science Center restorative medicine and Balneology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Accredited Testing Laboratory Center of the All-Russian Research Institute of the Poultry Processing Industry of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Analytical Center water quality control CJSC "ROSA", State Institution Centers of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Podolsk, Shcherbinki, Troitsk, Podolsky district of the Moscow region, Nizhny Novgorod, Testing Center of the Federal State Institution "SERGIEV-POSAD CSM", Center of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region Accredited Testing Laboratory Center, etc.

The examination was carried out under direct supervision and participation CEOs, chief technologists and directors for quality problems of five enterprises of leading commodity producers.

The conclusions based on the results of the main and additional control examinations have been adjusted taking into account additional expert tests and are given below.

CONCLUSIONS.

  1. All tested samples meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 p. 4.5 on radiation safety.
  2. Correspond to the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 p. 4.3 in terms of organoleptic indicators, all tested samples, except for water "CHERNOGOLOVSKAYA".
  3. In general, it complies with the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 non-carbonated drinking water for children "NUTRILAK AQUA".
  4. They do not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 p. 4.4 according to the criteria of harmlessness of the chemical composition: "GROW BIG", "ARKHYZ", "HOLY SOURCE", "KROKHA", "BEREGINIA".
  5. They do not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 p. 4.7 according to the criteria of physiological usefulness of macro- and microelements: "GROW BIG", "BABY", "ARKHYZ", "HOLY SOURCE", "BABY", "BEREGINIA", "CHERNOGOLOVSKAYA" , "ROYAL", "TYPE-TOP", "SHISHKIN FOREST", "BON AQUA", "AQUA MINERALE".
  6. Do not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 p. 4.10 packaged water for the preparation of baby food "BABY", "GROW BIG", "BABY", "SENEZHSKAYA BABY", "TYPE-TOP".
  7. AT state register registered food products there is no OKP code for water for baby food. On the labels of water samples for the preparation of baby food, as a rule, the word "Baby ..." is placed in the name, which misleads consumers, because. the product called "children's water" is not registered (GOST R 51074-2003 p. 3).
  8. Permits for the production of water for baby food are issued by the All-Russian Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences in accordance with the "Medical and biological requirements for water for the restoration of dry baby food and dietary food", the safety indicators of this document do not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 p. 4.10.
  9. Normative and technological documentation, control and supervision methods for the production and circulation of baby water are not enough, the production of baby water itself is illegitimate, the quality and safety of water for preparing baby food is not ensured.
  10. The results of an independent comparative examination organized by the National Consumer Protection Fund showed that bottled drinking water and bottled water for baby food do not have distinctive properties in terms of their composition. There is speculation and tax evasion on the part of commodity producers. It is necessary to propose approaches to regulating the production and circulation of water for baby food in the Russian consumer market.
  11. All samples of water for the preparation of baby food, with the exception of "NUTRILAK AQUA", did not pass the epidemic safety control in terms of microbiological indicators, in terms of the safety of the chemical composition.
  12. All water samples for the preparation of baby food, with the exception of "NUTRILAK AQUA" and "KROKHA", did not pass the control for the physiological usefulness of macro- and microelements.
  13. According to the conclusion of ANO "SOEKS" of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Russia, none of the presented waters, with the exception of "NUTRILAK AQUA" water, does not meet the requirements of SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for the quality of water packaged in containers. Quality control" p. 3.3 - according to quality categories - the first category and the highest category.
  14. Manufacturers do not meet the requirements for information for consumers. In accordance with the requirements of the Law Russian Federation"On protection of consumer rights" and "On the quality and safety of food products", as well as GOST R 52109-2003 "Drinking water packaged in containers. General specifications", GOST R 51074-2003 "Food products. Information for the consumer. General requirements" the label should contain information about the category of water quality, its hardness, total mineralization, ionic composition. Instead, a number of commodity producers, for example, place on the label information that the consumer is offered "environmentally clean water" with reference to various environmental organizations. The National Consumer Protection Fund shares the GOST R wording that the use of such a wording is prohibited, since environmentally friendly products are not registered on the planet. The Fund intends to appeal to the state control bodies regarding the incorrect behavior of 4 non-state structures that issue documents on "environmental cleanliness", "environmental friendliness" to commodity producers for money. different kinds food products.
  15. Comparison of the results of the examination in different expert organizations revealed the discrepancy between the data on some safety indicators beyond the permissible error. The Fund turned to manufacturers with a request to provide documents on the production quality control of certain batches of packaged water, protocols of scheduled inspections, certificates, in order to identify possible causes deviations.
  16. It is necessary to carry out inspections and periodic supervision of the quality of work of expert organizations, verification of laboratory equipment and certification of specialists by the competent state bodies.
  17. GOST R 52109-2003 "Drinking water packaged in containers. General technical conditions", which came into force on July 1, 2004, applies to all drinking water, with the exception of mineral drinking medicinal and medicinal table waters produced in accordance with GOST 13273. Hygienic standards for packaged water in accordance with this GOST R, SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 is established, the sanitary rules (clause 1.3) of which do not apply to medicinal, medical-table, table mineral waters). Thus, natural mineral drinking water with a mineralization level of up to 1 gram per liter of product, which does not undergo water treatment, is not included in any safety check document for human life, does not have a national standard, its production and circulation are regulated by the Sanitary Rules for enterprises for the processing and bottling of drinking mineral waters" in 1987. It is necessary to update the regulatory and methodological documentation for natural mineral drinking canteen water or to develop a modern national standard. The Fund is ready to act as the customer of such a project and finance the work of experts.
  18. In order to study the existing disagreements, samples of "water from a natural mineral drinking table" were selected and tested for compliance with safety requirements according to SanPin 2.1.4.1116-02, because an ordinary consumer sees the name drinking, natural, table and understands that this is water for daily use , i.e. it must be safe according to sanitary standards, like drinking water. (See item 3) Among the selected samples, "ARKHYZ", "SENEGSKAYA", "SVOY SOURCE", "MALYUTKA SENEGSKAYA" are classified as "natural mineral drinking water" according to the marking and are distinguished by a balanced content of calcium, magnesium, chlorides , bicarbonate, sodium. However, the examination showed a low mineralization of the water "ARKHYZ", and the content of calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate in the selected sample is comparable with the waters "MALYSHKA", "NUTRILAK AQUA" and others, which are positioned as drinking water. So, on the label of the studied samples ("ARKHYZ"), consumers are informed that "in each liter daily rate iodine". The examination showed the presence of iodide in the amount of 0.05 μg / l at the norm according to SanPin 2.1.4.1116-02 -125 μg / l., but the amount of silver in these samples is 5 times higher than the norm.
  19. The National Consumer Protection Fund notes serious shortcomings in the work of trading organizations: CJSC Trading House "Perekryostok", SEAD, district of Kuzminki at the address: Moscow, Zelenodolskaya 40, Gastronome 24 hours - CJSC "Valens Active", SEAD, district of Kuzminki at the address : Moscow, Volgogradsky pr., 119a, LLC "RITMTORG", r / a Filevsky park at the address: Moscow, st. Minskaya, 22/35: storage of products was carried out not in special utility rooms, but in corridors and technological passages, the temperature regime was not observed either in the trading floors or in these rooms.
  20. The National Consumer Protection Fund notes the virtual absence of activities of state bodies to control quality and safety in the segment of bottled drinking water (including drinking water for baby food).

Sales of bottled water in Russia are growing every year. Many people buy bottled water not only in hot weather outside, but also for daily use at home. How not to make a mistake with the choice? Roskontrol experts chose 12 popular trademarks drinking and mineral water at a price of 20 to 150 rubles.

At the very first stage, unpleasant surprises awaited the Roskontrol experts. The most important indicator drinking water safety - the content of microorganisms. In some samples, their allowable amount is exceeded by 70 times! This means that dysentery bacilli, salmonella and other dangerous microorganisms and viruses can easily be in batches. For non-compliance with safety requirements, these brands of water are included in the "black list" of Roskontrol.

In some brands, the allowable amount of nitrates and nitrites is significantly exceeded, including quite expensive brands. Most likely, water was taken not far from industrial enterprises, treatment facilities, collective farms or farms. Moreover, the water clearly lay on the surface or at a shallow depth.

Experts found in the supposedly clean water a bunch of unnecessary rubbish: ammonium ions, permanganate oxidizability. Exceeding the norms for these indicators indicates that gasoline, kerosene, phenols, pesticides and other harmful substances could get into the water.

But the declared useful micro and macro elements, on the contrary, were not counted. In some samples, there was almost no calcium and magnesium. With the constant use of such water, there will be a deficiency of the corresponding substances in the body. Which in turn will lead to various health problems. And this, judging by the tests, is quite likely, because sales of bottled water in Russia are growing every year. Many people buy it not only in hot weather on the street, but also for daily use at home.

For the examination, bottled water was purchased from Shishkin Les, Bonaqua, Holy Spring, Evian, Lipetsk Buvet, Cristaline, Vittel, Just ABC, Nestle Pure Life, Aparan, Aqua Minerale, D (Dixie) .

Below is a table of test results and a rating of samples in terms of safety, naturalness, usefulness and taste.

Test results:

1. Water "D" (Dixie) non-carbonated drinking

Water, which is produced in the Nizhny Novgorod region by order of the Dixy trading network, is recognized by experts as the most useful. She has an ideal composition for the content of micro and macro elements.

From 12 rub. for 1 liter

2. Vittel mineral still

Vittel mineral still

Mineral water Vittel produced in France, according to the results of the examination, is recognized as natural and safe. Its disadvantages include the low content of fluorine.

From 63 rub. for 1 liter

3. Evian mineral still

Evian water meets all safety requirements - microbes, nitrates and other harmful components were not found in it. But there are more useful elements - calcium and magnesium - than in other tested samples.

From 84 rub. for 1 liter

4. "Lipetsky Buvet" non-carbonated drinking

This water turned out to be the most delicious among the tested samples. But according to the results of laboratory tests, Lipetsk Buvet is far from being a leader: in terms of total mineralization and fluorine content, water falls short of the norm of physiological usefulness.

From 16 rub. for 1 liter

5. Aqua Minerale drinking non-carbonated

From 32 rub. for 1 liter

6. Nestle Pure Life drinking non-carbonated

On the label of Nestle water it is indicated that it is highly purified water. Indeed, it was well cleaned of harmful substances, but, unfortunately, during cleaning, there were much fewer useful elements in it.

From 25 rub. for 1 liter

7. "Prosto Azbuka" non-carbonated drinking

The beautiful words on the label of this water - "pure water", "ideal for cooking", "does not form scale" - turned out to be only partially true. There will indeed be little scale from this water: there is too little calcium and magnesium in it, but you definitely cannot call it the purest: the number of microbes in this water exceeds the norm by 70 times.

From 14 rub. per 1 liter - Blacklist

8. "Shishkin Forest" non-carbonated drinking

The sample is blacklisted for consumer fraud. Water "Shishkin Les" does not correspond to the first category indicated on the label in terms of the content of macronutrients. It is safe for occasional use, but if you drink it every day, it can be harmful to your health.

From 17 rub. per 1 liter - Blacklist

9. Bonaqua drinking non-carbonated

Drinking water under the Bonaqua brand does not meet safety requirements: the examination showed that the source of water supply from which it is obtained could be contaminated with sewage

From 23 rub. per 1 liter - Blacklist

10. Cristaline drinking non-carbonated

Numerous violations of the requirements for water of the highest category were revealed in the sample. The complex indicator of toxicity (the sum of nitrates and nitrites) is 40 times higher.

From 40 rub. per 1 liter - Blacklist

11. Aparan drinking non-carbonated

Armenian water Aparan is unsafe: the number of microorganisms in it is 3.5 times higher than the norm, and nitrates are 2 times more than allowed for water of the highest category.

From 49 rub. for 1 liter Black list

12. "Holy Spring" non-carbonated drinking

This water is unsafe for health: it exceeds the indicator of organic pollution. Also, the label contains inaccurate data on the composition of micro and macro elements.

From 18 rub. for 1 liter - Black list.

Safety

At the first stage of the research, unpleasant surprises awaited the experts. The most important indicator of the safety of drinking water is the content of microorganisms in it. In the water "Prosto ABC", which is produced in the Stavropol Territory by order of the trading network "Azbuka Vkusa", the number of microbes is 70 times higher than the permissible standard.

Also, according to this indicator, Aparan water (produced in Armenia) is recognized as unsafe, it contains 3.5 times more microorganisms than the norm.

This level of microbial contamination indicates a general problem with the source of water supply. And this means that the next batch of water "Prosto Azbuka" or Aparan can easily contain dysentery bacilli, salmonella and other dangerous microorganisms and viruses. For non-compliance with safety requirements, the above brands of water are included in the "black list" of Roskontrol

In addition to bacteria, nitrates were found in Aparan water - they are twice the norm. The complex indicator of toxicity (the sum of nitrates and nitrites) is 40 times higher in the expensive French water Cristaline.

Nitrite enters the water source from wastewater and is an indicator of the so-called "organic pollution". Most likely, water was taken from places located near industrial enterprises, municipal treatment facilities, collective farms or farms, and the water clearly lay on the surface or at a shallow depth (specialists use the term "horizons that are not sufficiently protected from the penetration of water from surface runoff").

The experts determined several more indicators of water pollution - the content of ammonium ions and permanganate oxidizability. Exceeding the norms for these indicators suggests that gasoline, kerosene, phenols, pesticides and other harmful substances could get into the water. According to the test results, Bonaqua and Holy Spring brands do not meet safety requirements, and Cristaline water, although safe, does not meet the increased requirements declared by the manufacturer, who labeled it as water of the highest category.

How could this happen? Why is it that even the water that says "artesian" and the numbers of the wells is contaminated? Shouldn't manufacturers clean it up?

Rufina Mikhailova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Hygiene of Drinking Water Supply and Sanitary Protection of Water Bodies, Research Institute of Human Ecology and Environmental Hygiene named after A.N. Sysina:

“Any water goes through a preparation stage before packaging. There are many technologies for water purification, depending on the initial quality of water. The only requirement is that chlorine must not be used to disinfect water intended for bottling. If the water is initially close to ideal, and only a few elements are exceeded, simple filters are used.

The most common technology is reverse osmosis. It allows you to get sterile, perfectly pure water - special membrane filters trap all impurities, guaranteeing a stable quality of purified water. But here the opposite effect also arises - unfortunately, with too thorough cleaning, water is deprived of not only harmful, but also useful substances. By its properties, such water approaches distilled water.

All water samples were also tested for the content of toxic elements - mercury, lead, arsenic, aluminum and others: none of the water contains an excess of these substances.

Quality

The value of drinking water is determined by micro and macro elements, about 50 substances in total. For a person, there is a certain physiological norm in terms of the amount and composition of mineral salts dissolved in water. Almost all bottled water labels list the total mineralization level. From the point of view of daily water consumption, the level of 200-500 mg / l can be considered optimal. FROM drinking water a person can get up to 20% daily dose calcium, up to 25% magnesium, up to 50-80% fluorine, up to 50% iodine.

The examination showed that there is almost no calcium and magnesium in the water "Shishkin Forest" and "Aqua Minerale", a lack of fluorine - in the water of Bonaqua, "Holy Spring", "Lipetsk Buvet" and even in the expensive Evian and Vittel water. With the constant use of such water, there will be a deficiency of the corresponding substances in the body. Recall that a lack of fluorine causes caries, calcium - osteoporosis and reduced density. bone tissue(and, as a result, a tendency to fractures, and in children - a violation of the formation of the skeleton), magnesium - problems with the heart and nervous system.

The content of bicarbonates in the Shishkin Les water is exceeded, according to this indicator, the water does not correspond to the first category declared on the label.

According to doctors, drinking water with a high content of bicarbonates is not recommended for people suffering from chronic kidney disease, incl. with the formation of stones, as well as people with reduced secretion of gastric juice.

Evian, Vittel, Nestle Pure Life, Aqua Minerale, "D" (Dixie) and "Lipetsk Buvet" are recognized as safe according to the results of our tests. The optimal composition (in terms of the content of minerals and trace elements) is in drinking water "D" (Dixie). It is, by the way, the cheapest of the tested samples.

The most delicious participants of the tasting seemed to be the Lipetsk Buvet water (which lacks useful elements) and the French Evian and Vittel water (which contains calcium and magnesium in sufficient quantities, but there is no fluorine at all)