Essay on the topic of Evgeny Bazarov, a new hero or tragic figure. Bazarov is a new hero or tragic personality essay Motivation for educational activities

Bazarov as a tragic hero (based on the novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons")

The hero of the era of the 60s of the 19th century was a democrat commoner, a staunch opponent of the noble-serf system, a materialist, a person who went through the school of labor and hardship, independently thinking and independent. This is Evgeny Bazarov. The writer is very serious in assessing his hero. He presented the fate and character of Bazarov in truly dramatic tones. Turgenev understood that the fate of his hero could not have turned out differently.

I consider Evgeny Bazarov the most romantic of all literary heroes. His personal tragedy lies within himself, since a person cannot exist while in constant conflict with himself. Throughout the novel, he argues with Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov on a variety of topics. But no matter what they talk about - whether about art or about Slavophilism - for some reason it seems to me that he is arguing not with Kirsanov, but with himself. It’s as if he’s trying hard to eradicate from himself some character traits that make him resemble those very aristocrats “against whom he rebels.”

There are, however, features that distinguish him favorably from the Kirsanov family and the like. Bazarov is a hard worker, and he counts his work a necessary condition to gain independence, which he values ​​above all else. He does not recognize authorities and subjects everything to the strict judgment of his own thoughts.

However, many of his statements sound wild, I mean his thoughts about poetry, art, nature and love. He declares: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet.” Raphael, from his point of view, “is not worth a penny.” He is not inclined to admire the beauty of nature: “Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it.” What does he say about love? “Still, I will say that the man who put his whole life on the line female love and when this card was killed for him, he became limp and sank to the point that he was incapable of anything, this kind of person is not a man, not a male.” Equally surprising is his other statement: “And what is this mysterious relationship between a man and a woman? We physiologists know what this relationship is. Study the anatomy of the eye: where does that mysterious look come from, as you say? This is all romanticism, nonsense, rottenness, art." He puts the words "romanticism" and "rotten" on the same level, for him they are like synonyms. A person of the kindest soul, subtle and sensitive, at all costs wants to seem cynical and insensitive. Meanwhile, Fenechka's six-month-old child easily comes into his arms, and Bazarov is not at all surprised: he says that all children come to him because he knows such a “thing.” I must say, only exceptional people know such a “thing.” people, and Bazarov is one of them. He could have been a gentle husband and father, if fate had decided differently. After all, what loving son He was, although he tried to hide this love behind the same carelessness in his treatment, behind which he hid all his sincere feelings, for example, affection for Arkady. There was only one feeling he could not cope with. It turned out to be no less an element than the nihilism that distorted his entire life. Love consumed him so much that there was no trace left of his cynicism and calm confidence of a materialist and physiologist. He no longer “dissects the eye,” although he tries to fight his passion - a clear refutation of all his artificial theories. Only a desperate person can confess his love to a woman like Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. romantic. Knowing the character of this lady, understanding that peace is more important to her strong feelings, he still opens his heart to her. He receives a refusal, and this grief, as well as love, remains with him until his last breath.

Before his death, he wants to say goodbye to his beloved woman, and his farewell words are filled with such tenderness and sadness that you can’t help but wonder if this is the person who tried with all his might to convince himself and those around him that love does not exist. He asks Odintsova to console her parents: “After all, there are people like them in your big world you can't find it during the day..."

Turgenev describes the departure of the main character from life in truly tragic tones. Bazarov - rebellious, passionate and strong personality. Even on the edge of the grave, he does not stop for a minute the hard work of his mind and heart. Last words Bazarov are filled with true drama: “Russia needs me... No, apparently I’m not needed. And who needs me?” The tragic fate of Bazarov can be explained not only by his personal qualities, but also by the fact that he is one of the first, one of those who pave the way for others. Turgenev wrote that this is “a figure doomed to death, but despite his aspirations, she still stands on the threshold of the future.” And I want to believe that someday Russia will need all the people and they will not have to break their souls and minds in order to become useful to it.

Creating his grandiose novel “Fathers and Sons,” Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev tried to describe his era of life, which developed outside the window of his house. The text of the novel tells the story of the clash between two generations of “fathers” and “sons”.

The main character of the novel is a young man. The author describes him as strong, self-confident, smart person. However, he was often impudent and harsh. He defended his point of view to the last, starting a conflict with any character, regardless of age or position in society.

I.S. Turgenev best described the figure of Bazarov, although he was more inclined to the “fathers” of his novel. The author decided to create a real personality who could move mountains.

Evgeniy does not believe in poetry or art. He does not consider feelings and emotions. Love is ridiculous nonsense, because the relationship between men and women, according to the main character, is just physiology.

Where does such persistence come from in Bazarovo? It was acquired through years of effort and effort. Evgeniy was raised in a poor family, so he achieved all his achievements in life on his own. And so, on the measured and confident path of the hero, a woman meets - Anna Odintsova. It is she who turns his consciousness upside down, destroys all nihilistic beliefs and stereotypes. It breaks the entire world of beliefs on which the hero’s consciousness was built and supported.

Evgeniy falls in love and is rejected. He is left alone with his feelings. In confusion, leaving for his parents, Bazarov becomes infected with typhus and dies. Only before his death does he realize that he has not brought any benefit to Russia. His nihilistic beliefs and actions were meaningless, stupid, unnecessary.

It turns out that feelings and love, poetry, art - all this exists and gives people happiness and joy. Because of his firm position turned away from life, the hero was unable to experience happiness in his personal life, he was unable to make anyone around him happy. We can safely say that his life was wasted, in vain. This is precisely the tragedy of the protagonist. All the years of his life he simply existed and nothing more.

Basically, to say: "He - good man", it is impossible. Just like comparing two people. After all, in each of us
There are so many different traits and characteristics, and among them there are necessarily both negative and positive.
Therefore, when assessing any person, it is necessary to consider him from each side separately.

In literature the situation is greatly complicated, because we see the entire literary space through the prism
author's perception. Some characters, for example, may have no good traits at all. And on
Every step of the way we have to think: “Isn’t the author biased?” In most cases we
We can resolve this issue for ourselves. But sometimes it is completely unclear to us: whether the hero himself could have done this or
does the author force him to do this? A similar situation was partly manifested in the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
"Fathers and Sons".

The author initially intended to write an instructive work for young people, with whose views he was not
I agree, but “the cool Bazarov captivated Turgenev.” "He (Turgenev) wanted to say: our young generation is following
the wrong road, and said: in our young generation all our hope." He could not draw knowingly
the wrong picture, “could not prove a preconceived idea with his images.”

However, Turgenev, due to his origin, upbringing, views, did not accept the worldview of his hero -
Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov - and therefore various kinds of barbs - remarks appear on the pages of the novel. "WITH
the first time he showed us in Bazarovo his angular manner, pedantic arrogance, callous
rationality." Bazarov speaks defiantly rudely about what many people consider sacred:

"-How? Not only art, poetry... but also... scary to say...

That’s it,” Bazarov repeated with inexpressible calm.”
Calls the most prominent cultural figures completely unnecessary. Very cold
refers to a person who reveres him - Arkady Nikolaevich Kirsanov. In addition, your
inattention causes a lot of suffering to his parents: Vasily Ivanovich and Arina Vlasyevna Bazarov. And all this
is emphasized by an overly phlegmatic, at first glance, character.

But the strength of Bazarov’s nature also changes the author. During the course of the story, one can notice a change in attitude
the author to his hero. If at the beginning of the work I.S. Turgenev does not like him, then towards the end it is open
sympathizes. Pisarev said: “Looking at his Bazarov, Turgenev, as a person and as an artist, grows in
in his novel, grows before our eyes and grows to a correct understanding, to a fair assessment of what has been created
kind of."

The reader vaguely repeats the work done by the writer himself. He gradually, not immediately, realizes how
Bazarov’s inner world is beautiful and structured. Of course, there are many obstacles to overcome. Most
The information necessary to correctly assess any character can be gleaned from his conversations. Bazarov
speaks very little, and hardly respects anyone enough to be able to understand him from a conversation with him
character is good enough. We have to be content with omissions. Only two characters succeed
force Bazarov to be frank: Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov - Arkady's uncle, and Anna Sergeevna Odintsova,
a young widow whom Arkady, Bazarov's friend, met in the city at the governor's ball. And the last one
managed to get to know Bazarov much closer, although only in a conversation with Pavel Petrovich Bazarov reveals his
life positions. After Pavel Petrovich's first meeting with Bazarov, mutual hostility arises between them.

Pavel Petrovich can be called the head (or “pole”) of the “fathers” camp. It contains the majority
prejudices of a dying aristocracy. He does not accept, and probably cannot accept, Bazarov’s concepts.
He notes strengths character of Bazarov, but considers them to be shortcomings “We (the old generation) do not have
that daring arrogance,” says Pavel Petrovich, not realizing that for Bazarov selfishness and
arrogance has become almost the only driving forces. Pavel Petrovich - “a bilious and passionate man,
gifted with a flexible mind and strong will", who "could, under certain conditions, appear bright
representative of the binding, chilling force of the past." He has a despotic nature: he tries to subjugate
to himself of everyone around him, and he does this more out of habit than out of cold calculation. That's why he
"he shows off and gets angry, why doesn't Bazarov admire him, the only person he respects in the most
your hatred."

In turn, Bazarov “could be a representative of the destructive, liberating power of the present.” He is in
Unlike Pavel Petrovich, in my opinion, he is not trying to subjugate anyone. He doesn't mind being loved
or respected if it brings benefit or at least does not infringe on his personal interests, because “pots are not for the gods”
burn." In Bazarov, everything revolves around enormous egoism and conceit. It is precisely these qualities of his
Bazarov owes everything to his character. He lives “according to calculation”, based only on his interests and needs. He is not
needs no one, has no high goal ahead, does not strive for anything, and has more than enough strength and energy (in
This is the main argument for proving the tragedy of Bazarov’s nature). He understands that he is not
like everyone else, but does not try to be like others.

Here the personality achieves complete self-liberation, complete
peculiarities and independence."

Of course, between such different, but at the same time similar people as Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich
Kirsanov, according to all the laws of dialectics, heated debates should arise. This is what happens: Pavel Petrovich
turns out to be the only person who manages to challenge Bazarov to an argument, often against the latter’s will. IN
In these disputes, despite his laconicism, Bazarov tells a lot. He himself reveals to Pavel
Petrovich his views and principles. DI. Pisarev expressed his thoughts during the main argument in the following words:
“I can’t act now, I won’t even try; I despise everything that surrounds me, and I won’t hide
this contempt. I will go into the fight against evil when I feel strong. Until then I will live on my own
yourself, how to live without putting up with the prevailing evil and without giving it any power over you. I am a stranger among
the existing order of things, and I don’t care about it. I am engaged in the grain craft, I think what I want,
and I express - what can be expressed." This is the essence of Bazarov (this is another argument that
proves that Bazarov is a tragic personality: “he is a stranger among the existing order of things”).

Completely different traits of Bazarov are manifested in his attitude towards Odintsova. These traits show how he can
feel. Bazarov turns out to be the most loving hero of the novel. Only in him did we see real passion.
All his denial, all his conclusions faded into the background as passion began to boil within him. He got angry and
He realized that he was doing something stupid, and yet he continued to do it.”
And he doesn't resist

"Fathers and Sons" by I. S.; Turgenev is a work that reflected all aspects of Russian life in the 50s of the 19th century, character traits previous decades. The backstory of any of the heroes of the novel, his portrait adds necessary details to the description of the era. However, not all characters make the same impression on the reader. Main character novel - Bazarov. It was this person who caused the most controversy in society and literary criticism of the 19th century. “Bazarov” is also the title of the article by D.I. Pisarev, who in his time was the best at understanding the complex character created by Turgenev. The definition given by the critic to the hero (“tragic face”) still remains one of the most used in articles about Bazarov. But the content of the tragedy is understood differently.

The first thing we pay attention to when reading a novel is the contrast between the hero and the surrounding society. Bazarov is a nihilist, that is, a person who bursts into the world of everyday life with views that are completely unusual for his interlocutors, for example for the Kirsanov brothers, with the desire to destroy the foundations of the existing world order. The positions of the commoner and the noble landowners are irreconcilable. Their difference is the source of constant disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich, the reason for Nikolai Petrovich’s unsuccessful attempts to understand young people.

But Evgeny is far from only the Kirsanovs. No less a gulf separates him from Kukshina and Sitnikov, those who shout about their commitment to nihilism. These are people who inevitably vulgarize any ideas preached for the sake of fashion. They are no match for Bazarov either in intelligence, or in spiritual depth, or in moral strength.

The “soft, liberal barich” Arkady did not become like-minded with Evgeniy either. Even at the beginning of the novel, speaking about nihilism, he more often evaluates Bazarov, and less often talks about his beliefs. The fate of young Kirsanov is the best proof that Arkady is just a copy of his father. He “made a nest”, abandoning the “bitter, tart, grassy life.”

Bazarov finds himself completely alone. At first glance, his participation in the social conflict of the era may serve as a sufficient reason to speak of him as a “tragic person”! But the hero himself does not feel unhappy. “There are not as few of us as you think,” he throws at Pavel Petrovich in an argument. In fact, Bazarov is pleased that he did not meet “a person who would not give up” in front of him. Evgeniy is self-confident. He understands the complexity of solving the problem (“to clear the place”), but he also considers his strength sufficient to “break down a lot of things.” He doesn't need understanding or support.

Bazarov's tragedy lies elsewhere. He is truly a strong, extraordinary person. His philosophical views not borrowed from a popular book. Refusing the experience of centuries, Eugene himself built his own theory, which explained the world and gave him a purpose in life. He earned the right to unlimited faith in the universality of his concept. Among other things, Bazarov denied the existence of a “mysterious look,” love, “principles,” or moral standards, the human soul, the beauty of nature, and the value of art. But life did not fit into the framework proposed to it, and the depth of Bazarov’s personality lies in the fact that he could not help but notice this. Having met Odintsova, Bazarov saw a romantic in himself, noticed “something special” in the expression on Anna Sergeevna’s face, let a “dark, soft night” into the room, finally admitted that he loved her, and did not follow his slogan: “You like a woman ... - try to make sense, but you can’t - well, don’t, turn away - the earth is not a wedge.”

Eugene saw that nihilism could not explain real life. The hero was faced with the problem of revaluation of values, a difficult problem always, and especially when a person believed so much in something that he now had to reject, when he had to give up the consciousness of being a “god”, to recognize the entire non-material side of life.

The tragedy of Bazarov’s personality lies in the fact that, being a nihilist and at the same time an extraordinary person, he inevitably had to come to the painful consciousness of the need to break much of what had been built over the years. A thoughtful supporter of any narrow theory sooner or later comes to disappointment in it. Such is the fate of Evgeniy.

This is just one of the hero's problems. Another one is no less tangible for him. Bazarov is ready to accomplish something extraordinary, but it turns out that there is no place for feat in the life around him. Realizing this, Evgeniy turns to practicing medicine on his father’s estate. But he himself did not intend to be a zemstvo doctor; Neither Arkady, nor Odintsova, nor his father saw him in this role. Bazarov languishes without a task that would completely captivate him and require him to use all his talents and knowledge. Having resigned himself to the everyday life, Eugene would not have shown himself, so Turgenev kills his hero. Bazarov wastes his strength only on dying with dignity, unable to find any other use for himself due to his inability to see the great in the small. But Turgenev did not set such a task for the character he created. The writer believed that Bazarov’s energy was unclaimed, since he was born too early.

A senseless death caused yet another tragedy. Shortly before blood poisoning, Bazarov began to listen to people, felt restless, and regretted that he did not have a family. This regret can be heard in his last conversation with Arkady.

The independent Bazarov could not have a wife and children, a “nest,” not only because there was no woman worthy of him, but also because he “was not created” for a family. He was not a husband, just as he was not a son. Evgeny shows love for his parents only before his death, replacing his previous condescension towards them. “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” the hero says about them to Odintsova. Bazarov tries to console the old people, agrees to the religious rituals in which they believe. Perhaps, if Evgeniy had remained alive, he would have been able to start a family over time and build his relationship with his parents differently. But he was given no time.

Thus, Bazarov’s tragedy lies in the fact that, having entered into a period of painful revaluation of values, he did not see new road; that he wasted his enormous forces only to die with dignity; that, having realized his restlessness, he did not have time to change anything in his own life.