Presentation on the topic "Serbia". Serbia. Economic and geographical location. Natural conditions and resources Position of Serbia in relation to other countries

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General information The Republic of Serbia is a state in Central South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland. The area of Serbia is 88,361 square meters. km. In the north, Serbia borders with Hungary, in the northeast with Romania, in the east with Bulgaria, in the south with former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest with Albania and Montenegro, in the west with Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. The largest cities are Belgrade, Novi Sad, Pristina, Nis. The largest lakes in Serbia: Djerdap Lake, White Lake. The official languages of Serbia are Serbian.

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Natural conditions and resources Like most countries with a young geological history, Serbia does not have large coal and iron ore basins. At the same time, the dynamism of mountain-forming processes led to a very variegated mineralization of the country's subsoil and determined a very diverse composition of mineral resources. It is distinguished primarily by deposits of non-ferrous metal ores. Their main deposits here are associated with igneous rocks of Mesozoic and Tertiary times and rocks of volcanic activity in later periods

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Among the natural resources of Serbia, mineral springs are of considerable value. Balneological resorts have been created on the basis of the most valuable sources with a large flow of water, especially where other natural factors are favorable (there are therapeutic muds, the area has good climatic conditions, picturesque landscapes).

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Country Policy Activity Indicator foreign policy Serbia is the presence of diplomatic and consular missions in 64 countries. It is a member of the UN, OSCE, EBRD, etc., and also participates in the NATO Partnership for Peace program and many other similar projects. Relations with neighboring countries Their comprehensive development and strengthening is also a priority for Serbia. However, despite this, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslav Macedonia and Montenegro recognized the independence of Kosovo. Greece has remained true to its historically friendly relations with Serbia and does not recognize Kosovo.

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general characteristics population PopulationAccording to the 2002 census, a total of 9,396,411 people live in Serbia. They are divided by province as follows: Vojvodina: 2,116,725 Central Serbia: 5,479,686 Kosovo: 1,800,000 The majority of the inhabitants in the state are Serbs, but there are many ethnic minorities living nearby. The most notable of them are Albanians (living mainly in Kosovo), Hungarians, Bosnians, Croats, Gypsies, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Romanians. Vojvodina, located in the north of the country, has the greatest diversity of living peoples. Here, in addition to Serbs, live Hungarians, Slovaks, Croats, Montenegrins, Romanians, Macedonians, Gypsies... Part of the population defines their nationality as “Yugoslavs”. There are also small communities of Ukrainians and Pannonian Rusyns.

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Population 7,310,555 people Male population 3,564,683 female population 3,745,872 people Population density 82.7 people per km2 Sex ratio 0.952 men per woman Urban population 56.0% of the total population Urbanization rate 0.6% per year Population rural population 44.0% of total population Average age population 41.3 years Average age of the male population 39.6 years Average age of the female population 43.1 years Life expectancy at birth, men 71.5 years Life expectancy at birth, women 77.3 years Map of Serbia's counties by population density

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Industry of Serbia Mineral resources include lignite and brown coal, oil, ores of copper, lead and zinc, uranium, and bauxite. In the manufacturing industry, the leading place is occupied by mechanical engineering and metalworking (machine tool building, transport, including automobile, and agricultural engineering, electrical and radio-electronic industries). Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy (smelting copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, etc.), chemical, pharmaceutical, and woodworking industries are developed. The textile, leather and footwear, and food industries are developed. Main industry Agriculture- plant growing. They grow cereals (mainly corn and wheat), sugar beets, sunflowers, hemp, tobacco, potatoes and vegetables. Fruit growing (the world's largest supplier of prunes) and viticulture are also developed. Cattle, pigs, sheep are raised, and there is poultry farming. Raw materials and semi-finished products, consumer and foodstuffs, machinery and industrial equipment

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Automotive industryExtensive experience. In addition to passenger cars produced by the FIAT-Zastava plant, there are five other car manufacturers in Serbia whose activities are aimed at producing commercial vehicles, trucks and buses. This large industry is supported by more than 70 suppliers of auto parts, various materials and semi-finished products. Many well-known automotive suppliers have opened their production in Serbia due to the availability of qualified and cost-effective labor, labor and excellent conditions for exporting complete equipment to the European Union or Russia. The development of component production in Serbia is confirmed by an increase in turnover from 357 million euros in 2005 up to 830 million euros in 2008. Clients of Serbian companies in this industry include PSA Peugeot Citroen, General Motors, Mercedes, BMW, Avtovaz, UAZ, Kamaz, Deawoo "

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Transport in Serbia Railways- one of the main types of transport in the country, connecting all of it big cities and connecting Serbia with many European countries. The main railway branch extends from northwest to southeast: the border with Hungary - Subotica - Novi Sad - Belgrade - Lapovo - Nis, then branches: Nis - Presevo - border with Macedonia and Nis - Dimitrovgrad - border with Bulgaria. Four more lines depart from this main direction. Highways The basis of Serbian roads is made up of modern expressways (Serbian Autoput), the first of which - the Brotherhood and Unity highway - was opened in 1950 and connected Belgrade and Zagreb at that time, and later was expanded to Ljubljana and Skopje. In the 21st century, the highway network is gradually expanding. In 2011, their total length was 180 km.

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Water transport Belgrade port (Serbian Luka Beograd) is located on the right bank of the Danube near its confluence with the Savoy River in close proximity to the city center on an area of 250 hectares. Located at the intersection of two water transport arteries (the so-called pan-European river corridors) and is an important transport and trade hub of pan-European importance. Air transport The largest airport in the country, serving both international and domestic flights, is Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. The second largest international airport, Constantine the Great Airport, is located in Niš. Pristina's Slatina Airport also operates, but it is not controlled by the Serbian authorities and is the only international airport in the partially recognized Republic of Kosovo. A plan is also being implemented to transfer the Kraljevo-Ladzevtsi airbase (English)Russian. for joint deployment. The Kraljevo airfield received its first civilian flight in 2007.

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Agriculture in Serbia Crop production provides about 60% of agricultural products. The main agricultural areas are in Serbia - the p. Morava and the Middle Danube Plain. They grow wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, sugar beets, hemp, sunflowers, and potatoes. Gardening and viticulture are developed. The main fruit crop is plum. They grow plums, figs, pomegranates, almonds, citrus fruits, olives, and grapes. Serbia has ideal natural conditions for growing fruit. Its land is still one of the cleanest in Europe, while most of its fruits are grown in ideal conditions, assembled by hand, carefully stored and packaged. When growing fruit, Serbs focus on quality and taste. Serbia's excellent climate and rich land resources create unique opportunities for growing vegetables. They raise cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry. In Montenegro, the main direction of agriculture is mountain-pasture animal husbandry (sheep, cattle).

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Serbia's service industry Strong service base. A look at the balance of trade in Serbia's services sector leads to the conclusion that services of a professional and technical nature account for about 20% of Serbia's exports in this area. This indicates that the level of development and internationalization of the service sector in Serbia is quite high, creating conditions for rapid and more dynamic development of the service sector and business process outsourcing. Regarding investments, namely the total volume of FDI in the field of financial intermediation, which includes services, representatives of this sector expect a large influx and an increase in the share of total FDI (in 2008 - 66%), which confirms the huge potential of the entire service sector .

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An accessible and productive workforce. The amount of investment in the shared services sector is still at a low level, thereby providing ample opportunity for further development. The market is still untapped as only a small number of companies are capitalizing on this opportunity. Considering high level unemployment, recruiting young graduates and students, especially those under 30, is not difficult. Educated people, fluent foreign languages. The workforce in Serbia has been tested more than once. It has a strong skills base as well as a business culture that has emerged as a result of strong cultural and business ties with the West. The level of multilingualism in the country is amazing, especially knowledge in English, which is not typical for most countries in Central and Eastern Europe. People are well trained, highly productive in their work and willing to work hard. In addition, various training and development programs funded by the government create a pool of skilled manpower, ensuring a constant flow of work-ready personnel. Excellent timing coordination. Serbia is located in the heart of Central and Eastern Europe, in the same time zone as most countries Western Europe(GMT +1), thereby providing obvious advantages compared to regions such as India

The Republic of Serbia is a state in Central South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland. Area of Serbia sq. km. Serbia borders on the north with Hungary, on the north-east on Romania, on the east on Bulgaria, on the south on former Yugoslav Macedonia, on the south-west on Albania and Montenegro, on the west on Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. The largest cities are Belgrade, Novi Sad, Pristina, Nis. The largest lakes in Serbia: Lake Djerdap, White Lake. The official languages of Serbia are Serbian.

Like most countries with a young geological history, Serbia does not have large coal and iron ore basins. At the same time, the dynamism of mountain-forming processes led to a very variegated mineralization of the country's subsoil and determined a very diverse composition of mineral resources. It is distinguished primarily by deposits of non-ferrous metal ores. Their main deposits here are associated with igneous rocks of Mesozoic and Tertiary times and rocks of volcanic activity in later periods

An indicator of the activity of Serbia's foreign policy is the presence of diplomatic and consular missions in 64 countries. It is a member of the UN, OSCE, EBRD, etc., and also participates in the NATO Partnership for Peace program and many other similar projects. Relations with neighboring countries Their comprehensive development and strengthening is also a priority for Serbia. However, despite this, Hungary, Croatia, Albania, Bulgaria, former Yugoslav Macedonia and Montenegro recognized the independence of Kosovo. Greece has remained true to its historically friendly relations with Serbia and does not recognize Kosovo.

Population According to the 2002 census, a total of 9,396,411 people live in Serbia. They are divided by province as follows: Vojvodina: 2,116,725 Central Serbia: 5,479,686 Kosovo: 1,800,000 The majority of the inhabitants in the state are Serbs, but there are many ethnic minorities living nearby. The most notable of them are Albanians (living mainly in Kosovo), Hungarians, Bosnians, Croats, Roma, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Romanians. Vojvodina, located in the north of the country, has the greatest diversity of living peoples. Here, in addition to Serbs, live Hungarians, Slovaks, Croats, Montenegrins, Romanians, Macedonians, Gypsies... Part of the population defines their nationality as “Yugoslavs”. There are also small communities of Ukrainians and Pannonian Rusyns.

Population size people Male population size people Female population size people Population density 82.7 people per km 2 Male to female sex ratio Urban population 56.0% of the total population Urbanization rate 0.6% per year Rural population 44.0% of the total population Average age population 41.3 years Average age of the male population 39.6 years Average age of the female population 43.1 years Life expectancy at birth, men 71.5 years Life expectancy at birth, women 77.3 years Map of Serbia's counties by population density

Mineral resources include lignite and brown coal, oil, ores of copper, lead and zinc, uranium, and bauxite. In the manufacturing industry, the leading place is occupied by mechanical engineering and metalworking (machine tool building, transport, including automobile, and agricultural engineering, electrical and radio-electronic industries). Non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy (smelting copper, lead, zinc, aluminum, etc.), chemical, pharmaceutical, and woodworking industries are developed. The textile, leather and footwear, and food industries are developed. The main branch of agriculture is crop production. They grow cereals (mainly corn and wheat), sugar beets, sunflowers, hemp, tobacco, potatoes and vegetables. Fruit growing (the world's largest supplier of prunes) and viticulture are also developed. Cattle, pigs, sheep are raised, and there is poultry farming. Raw materials and semi-finished products, consumer and food products, machinery and industrial equipment are exported.

Automotive industry Extensive experience. In addition to passenger cars produced by the FIAT-Zastava plant, there are five other car manufacturers in Serbia whose activities are aimed at producing commercial vehicles, trucks and buses. This large industry is supported by more than 70 suppliers of auto parts, various materials and semi-finished products. Many well-known automotive suppliers have set up production in Serbia due to the availability of qualified and cost-effective labor force and excellent conditions for exporting complete equipment to the European Union or Russia. The development of component production in Serbia is confirmed by the increase in turnover from 357 million euros in 2005 to 830 million euros in 2008. Clients of Serbian companies in this industry include PSA Peugeot Citroen, General Motors, Mercedes, BMW , Avtovaz, UAZ, Kamaz, Deawoo.

Railways are one of the main modes of transport in the country, connecting all its major cities and connecting Serbia with many European countries. The main railway line extends from northwest to southeast: the border with Hungary Subotica Novi Sad Belgrade Lapovo Nis, further branches: Nis Presevo the border with Macedonia and Nis Dimitrovgrad the border with Bulgaria. Four more lines branch off from this main direction. Roads The basis of Serbian roads are modern expressways (Serbian Autoput), the first of which, the Brotherhood and Unity Highway, was opened in 1950 and connected Belgrade and Zagreb at that time, and was later expanded to Ljubljana and Skopje. In the 21st century, the highway network is gradually expanding. In 2011, their total length was 180 km.

Crop production provides about 60% of agricultural products. The main agricultural areas are in Serbia - the p. Morava and the Middle Danube Plain. They grow wheat, corn, rye, barley, oats, sugar beets, hemp, sunflowers, and potatoes. Gardening and viticulture are developed. The main fruit crop is plum. They grow plums, figs, pomegranates, almonds, citrus fruits, olives, and grapes. Serbia has ideal natural conditions for growing fruit. Its land is still one of the cleanest in Europe, at the same time, most of the fruits are grown in ideal conditions, hand-picked, carefully stored and packaged. When growing fruit, Serbs focus on quality and taste. Serbia's excellent climate and rich land resources create unique opportunities for growing vegetables. They raise cattle, pigs, sheep, and poultry. In Montenegro, the main direction of agriculture is mountain-pasture animal husbandry (sheep, cattle).

Strong service base. A look at the balance of trade in Serbia's services sector leads to the conclusion that services of a professional and technical nature account for about 20% of Serbia's exports in this area. This indicates that the level of development and internationalization of the service sector in Serbia is quite high, creating conditions for rapid and more dynamic development of the service sector and business process outsourcing. Regarding investments, namely the total volume of FDI in the field of financial intermediation, which includes services, representatives of this sector expect a large influx and an increase in the share of total FDI (in 2008 - 66%), which confirms the huge potential of the entire service sector .

An accessible and productive workforce. The amount of investment in the shared services sector is still at a low level, thereby providing ample opportunity for further development. The market remains untapped as only a small number of companies capitalize on this opportunity. Given the high unemployment rate, recruiting young graduates and students, especially those under 30, is not difficult. Educated people with excellent command of foreign languages. The workforce in Serbia has been tested more than once. It has a strong skills base as well as a business culture that has emerged as a result of strong cultural and business ties with the West. The level of multilingualism in the country is amazing, especially the knowledge of English, which is not typical for most countries in Central and Eastern Europe. People are well trained, highly productive in their work and willing to work hard. In addition, various government-funded training and development programs create a pool of skilled manpower, ensuring a constant stream of job-ready personnel. Excellent timing coordination. Serbia is located in the heart of Central and Eastern Europe, in the same time zone as most Western European countries (GMT +1), thus providing obvious advantages compared to regions such as India

Economic-geographical location

Serbia is located in the central region of the Balkan Peninsula and in the southern regions of the Pannonian Plain in southeastern Europe. The country's borders stretch from west to east from the river. Drina to the river Timok.

Serbia borders with:

Hungary (in the north);
Macedonia (in the south);
Bosnia, Herzegovina, Croatia (in the west);
Albania and Montenegro (in the southwest);
Bulgaria (in the east);
Romania (in the northeast).

Serbia is divided into historical and geographical regions:

Serbia itself,
Voevodino,
Kosovo and Metohija.

The state has no access to the sea. The total area of the territory is 88,361 square meters. km. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. Largest cities: Novi Sad, Nis, Pristina.

Most of the state lies on the territory of fertile valleys and intermountain plains. The central territories of Serbia are represented by the Šumadija hills. In the north are the fertile Voevodino plains. The Rocky Mountains and Kosovo Plateau extend to the southeast. The Dinaric Highlands extend from northwest to southeast. The East Serbian Mountains and Stara Planina are separated from the highlands in the east by the Morava River. In the south there are mountain ranges - parts of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia belongs to the Prokletije mountain range - Peak Djeravica (2656 m).

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Transport routes connecting Central and Western Europe with the Middle East, Africa and Asia pass through the country. The Danube provides a connection with Europe and the Black Sea.

The country has developed manufacturing industries (metalworking, mechanical engineering), metallurgical, pharmaceutical, chemical, woodworking, leather and footwear, textile, food industries, crop growing, viticulture, livestock farming, poultry farming.

Natural conditions

The climate is temperate continental with cold and snowy winters and warm summers. On the Adriatic coast the climate is Mediterranean.

Climatic conditions in the central regions are somewhat cooler than on the coast. In coastal areas, winter is mild and cool with temperatures from +3º C to +7º C. Summer is long, dry and hot with temperatures from +23º C to +25º C.

Summer in mountainous areas is moderately warm (+19º C - +25º C), winter is full of snow, relatively cold (+5º C to -10º C).

The average annual precipitation is 500-1500 mm. Most rain falls in May-June. Near the sea coast in the mountains, precipitation can fall more than 3000 mm per year.

A characteristic feature of Serbia is the presence of different winds:

Koshava - dry and cold wind of the northern regions;
Severats - dry and cold wind of the northern regions;
Moravec – dry and cold wind, Morava Valley;
The southwest wind is humid and warm, blowing mainly in western regions from the Adriatic side;
South wind – dry and warm south wind of the Morava River valley.

Natural resources

Water resources. The country is rich water resources. All rivers carry their waters to the Aegean, Adriatic and Black Seas. The Danube flows through the country. The major rivers include: Western, Eastern and Southern Morava, Drina, Ibar, Sava, Tisa, Timok, Tamis, Nišava, Mlava and Begej. Navigable rivers: Sava, Tisa, Begej, partially navigable – Great Morava, Tamish. The country has significant hydropower potential. There are more than 30 lakes in the country. The largest lakes: Dzherdapskoye, Serebryanoye, Vlasinskoye, Borskoye, Zlatarskoye, Palich. Artificial canals are used for flood protection and irrigation. The largest canal system is the Danube-Tisza-Danube. The largest waterfall is Yelovarnik, located in national park Kopaonik.

Minerals. The territory has developed deposits of oil, natural gas, hard and brown coal, bituminous shale, lignin, lead and zinc ores, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, magnesium, nickel, manganese, antimony, bauxite, chromite and uranium. Gold, silver, and bismuth are extracted from copper, lead and zinc ores. Source chemical raw materials– sulfur ores of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

Land and forest resources. 55% of the country's territory is arable land, 24% is forested areas (of which 20% are coniferous forests, and 80% are deciduous forests, represented by beech and oak).

Recreational resources. Balneological resorts have been created on the basis of a favorable climate, picturesque landscapes, mineral springs and therapeutic mud. Tourists are attracted by numerous cultural and historical monuments, ancient cities, and medieval monasteries.

Flora and fauna

Vegetable and animal world Serbia is diverse and numerous.

In the poorly developed inland mountainous areas, natural vegetation has been preserved, mainly represented by a transitional type from Mediterranean to Central European. The upper zones of the mountains are dominated by shrubs.

Hilly uplands, lowlands and convenient areas in the foothills are almost completely plowed, and grain, industrial and other crops, vineyards and orchards are cultivated on them.

The country is inhabited by: wild boars, bears, foxes, wolves, wild goats, mouflons, fallow deer, deer, lynxes, chamois, martens. In the steppe regions there are many hares, spitting mice and gophers. There are jackals on the coast. Lizards, snakes, and turtles live in karst areas.

The avifauna is rich in falcons, eagles, griffon vultures, partridges, pheasants, ducks, marsh snipe, etc.

There is an abundance of fish in numerous reservoirs: carp, sturgeon, pike perch, sterlet, catfish, trout, pike, mackerel, etc.

Unique natural territories are areas of a characteristic type with significant biological-ecological, natural, cultural, aesthetic, and historical values that are the result of interaction with nature and the natural potential of the given territory.

Natural attractions of Serbia: Subotica peshcara; Gradac River Gorge; Kosmay; Vršac Mountains; Ovcharsko-Kablarska klisura; Kamena Gora; Chelie; Zaovine; Avala; Radan; Pcine Valley; Ozren-Yadovnik; Mirusha; Vlasina; Great Ratny Island; Lepteria-Sokograd; Valley of Maly Rzava; Dzhetinya River Gorge.

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General information

The Republic of Serbia is a state in Central South-Eastern Europe, occupying the central part of the Balkan Peninsula and the southern part of the Pannonian Lowland. The area of Serbia is 88,361 square meters. km. Serbia is bordered in the north by Hungary, in the northeast by Romania, in the east by Bulgaria, in the south by former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest by Albania and Montenegro, in the west by Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The capital of Serbia is Belgrade. The largest cities are Belgrade, Novi Sad, Pristina, Nis. The largest lakes in Serbia: Lake Djerdap, White Lake. The official languages of Serbia are Serbian.

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Natural conditions and resources

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Country politics

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General characteristics of the population

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Population 7,310,555 Male population 3,564,683 Female population 3,745,872 Population density 82.7 people per km2 Sex ratio 0.952 men per woman Urban population 56.0% of the total population Urbanization rate 0.6% per year Rural population 44.0 % of the total population Average age of the population 41.3 years Average age of the male population 39.6 years Average age of the female population 43.1 years Life expectancy at birth, men 71.5 years Life expectancy at birth, women 77.3 years Map of Serbia's counties by population density

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Ethnic composition: Serbs - 83%, Hungarians - 4%, Bosnians - 2%, Gypsies - 1.5% Religious composition: Orthodox (Serbian Orthodox Church) 85%, Catholics 5.5%, Protestants 1.1%, Muslims 3.2%, undecided 2.6%, others.

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Industry of Serbia

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Automotive industry Extensive experience. In addition to passenger cars produced by the FIAT-Zastava plant, there are five other car manufacturers in Serbia whose activities are aimed at producing commercial vehicles, trucks and buses. This large industry is supported by more than 70 suppliers of auto parts, various materials and semi-finished products. Many well-known automotive suppliers have set up production in Serbia due to the availability of qualified and cost-effective labor force and excellent conditions for exporting complete equipment to the European Union or Russia. The development of component production in Serbia is confirmed by the increase in turnover from 357 million euros in 2005 to 830 million euros in 2008. Clients of Serbian companies in this industry include PSA PeugeotCitroen, General Motors, Mercedes, BMW, AvtoVAZ, UAZ, Kamaz, Deawoo.

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Transport in Serbia

Railways are one of the main modes of transport in the country, connecting all its major cities and connecting Serbia with many European countries. The main railway line extends from northwest to southeast: the border with Hungary - Subotica - Novi Sad - Belgrade - Lapovo - Nis, then branches: Nis - Presevo - the border with Macedonia and Nis - Dimitrovgrad - the border with Bulgaria. Four more lines branch off from this main direction. Roads The basis of Serbian roads are modern expressways (Serbian Autoput), the first of which - the Brotherhood and Unity Highway - was opened in 1950 and connected Belgrade and Zagreb at that time, and was later expanded to Ljubljana and Skopje. In the 21st century, the highway network is gradually expanding. In 2011, their total length was 180 km.

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Agriculture of Serbia

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Serbian service sector

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An accessible and productive workforce. The amount of investment in the shared services sector is still at a low level, thereby providing ample opportunity for further development. The market is still untapped as only a small number of companies are capitalizing on this opportunity. Given the high unemployment rate, recruiting young graduates and students, especially those under 30, is not difficult. Educated people with excellent command of foreign languages. The workforce in Serbia has been tested more than once. It has a strong skills base as well as a business culture that has emerged as a result of strong cultural and business ties with the West. The level of multilingualism in the country is amazing, especially the knowledge of English, which is not typical for most countries in Central and Eastern Europe. People are well trained, highly productive in their work and willing to work hard. In addition, various training and development programs funded by the government create a pool of skilled manpower, ensuring a constant flow of work-ready personnel. Excellent timing coordination. Serbia is located in the heart of Central and Eastern Europe, in the same time zone as most Western European countries (GMT +1), thus providing obvious advantages compared to regions such as India

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Serbia ranks 113th in the world in terms of area (88,361 sq. km.). Serbia is bordered in the north by Hungary, in the northeast by Romania, in the east by Bulgaria, in the south by former Yugoslav Macedonia, in the southwest by Albania and Montenegro, in the west by Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The length of its borders is 2,027 km (with Romania 476 km, with Bulgaria 318 km, with Macedonia 221 km, with Montenegro 203 km, with Albania 115 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, with Croatia 241 km, with Hungary 151 km). There are 6,167 registered settlements in Serbia, of which 207 are urban. Arable lands occupy 19,194 km2, forests - 19,499 km2 (excluding Kosovo).

Extreme points - Northern: 46°11` N. (near Hajdukovo), South: 41°52` N (near Dragash in Kosovo), East: 23°01` E. (Hayfield, near Dimitrovgrad), Western: 18°51` E. (near Bezdan in Vojvodina). 80 percent of Serbia's territory is located on the Balkan Peninsula, 20 percent is occupied by the Pannonian Lowland. The length of the borders is 2,027 km (with Romania - 476 km, with Bulgaria - 318 km, with Macedonia - 221 km, with Montenegro - 203 km, with Albania - 115 km, with Bosnia and Herzegovina - 302 km, with Croatia - 241 km , with Hungary - 151 km).

The north of Serbia is dominated by plains. 15 mountains of Serbia have an altitude of more than 2,000 meters above sea level. There are 4 mountain systems in Serbia. The Dinaric Highlands occupies a large area in the west, stretching from northwest to southeast. Stara Planina and the East Serbian Mountains are in the east, separated from the Dinaric Highlands by the Morava River. In the south there are ancient mountains - part of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia is Mount Djeravica (2656 meters)

Relief of Serbia

The relief of Serbia is varied. Vojvodina has fertile plains. In the southeast there are ancient mountains. Central Serbia is dominated by hills and low mountains.

Mountains occupy most of Central Serbia and Kosovo. There are 4 mountain systems in Serbia. The Dinaric Highlands occupies a large area in the west, stretching from northwest to southeast. Stara Planina and the East Serbian Mountains are in the east, separated from the Dinaric Highlands by the Morava River. In the south there are ancient mountains - part of the Rilo-Rhodope system. The highest point in Serbia is Mount Djeravica (2656 m)

Inland waters of Serbia

Most of Serbia (81,646 km2, 92.4%) belongs to the Danube basin, the length of which in Serbia is 588 km. 5% - to the Adriatic Sea basin, 3% - to the Aegean Sea basin. The length of the Danube in Serbia is 588 km, along which the border with Romania and Croatia passes. The main tributaries of the Danube in Serbia are the Tisza (flowing from the north), the Sava (from the west), the Drina (from the south, natural border with Bosnia and Herzegovina), the Morava (from the south, entirely within Serbia).

Statistical indicators of Serbia
(as of 2012)

In addition to the Danube, navigable rivers are the Sava (206 km), Tisza (168 km), Begej (75 km), and the Great Morava (3 km out of 185 km) and Tamis (3 km out of 101 km) are partially navigable. Other major rivers are the Western Morava (308 km), South Morava (295 km), Ibar (272 km), Drina (220 km) and Timok (202 km). Part of southern Serbia belongs to the basin of the Beli Drim and Radik rivers (4.771 km, 5.4%), which flow into the Adriatic. Pchinya river basins. Lepenac and Dragovistica belong to the Aegean Sea basin. A number of artificial canals have also been built in Serbia, which are used for flood protection, irrigation, etc. Their total length is 939.2 km, of which 385.9 km are used for navigation of ships with a tonnage of up to 1000 tons. The largest canal system is the Danube-Tisza-Danube. The largest lake in Serbia is Lake Djerdap. The largest natural lake is White Lake. The largest island in Serbia is located on the Danube near Kostolets. There are also waterfalls in Serbia, the largest is Jelovarnik (71 meters), it is located in the Kopaonik National Park.

Abundance of relatively unpolluted surface waters and many underground natural sources mineral waters makes it possible to export and economic development. However, the widespread use and production of bottled water has only recently begun. Serbia has great geothermal potential.

Natural lakes in Serbia are small and rare. Most of them are located in Vojvodina. But there are many reservoirs in Serbia. The largest of them are Djerdap on the Danube and Perucac on the Drina.

Climate of Serbia

In Serbia it is temperate continental, on the Adriatic coast it is Mediterranean. In the central regions of the country it is always somewhat cooler than on the coast, and the influence of subalpine factors is more noticeable. In the coastal region, summers are usually long, hot (+23-25 C) and quite dry, winters are short and cool (+3-7 C). In mountainous areas there are moderately warm summers (+19-25 C) and relatively cold winters (from +5 to -10 C), abounding in snow. Precipitation falls from 500 to 1500 mm per year, mainly in the form of rain; in the mountains near the sea coast, in some places over 3000 mm falls.

The best time to visit the country is from May to September-October. The tourist season usually begins in April and lasts until November. The sea temperature for seven months ranges from +20 C to +26 C, so the swimming season is equal in duration to the tourist season.

Serbia is located on the Balkan Peninsula, surrounded by warm seas - Adriatic, Aegean and Black. To the north of Serbia is the European continent. Another important factor determining the Serbian climate is the topography. Serbia has a continental climate in the north, a temperate continental climate in the south and a mountain climate in the mountainous regions. Winters in Serbia are short, cold and snowy, summers are warm. The coldest month is January, the warmest is July. The average temperature is 10.9° C. The average annual precipitation is 896 mm. Rain falls most often in June and May.

The strongest winds are: Košava (cold and dry wind in the north of the country), Severac (cold and dry north wind), Moravac (cold and dry north wind blowing in the Morava river valley), South wind (warm and dry south wind blowing in the Morava River valley). South-westerly wind (warm and humid, blows from the Adriatic mainly in the West of Serbia).

Flora and fauna of Serbia

The flora and fauna are very rich. Four-fifths of the forest area is deciduous and one-fifth is coniferous. Within Serbia live bears, wild boars, wolves, foxes, hares, wild goats, fallow deer, mouflons, lynxes, deer, martens, chamois... The bird world is also diverse: of the 666 species of birds found in Europe, 508 species live in Serbia, and among them are eagles, falcons, pheasants, partridges, wild ducks, marsh snipe and other wading birds. Rivers, lakes, canals, ponds abound different types fish: carp, pike perch, sturgeon, catfish, sterlet, pike, trout, mackerel...

Population of Serbia

Population - 7.82 million people (in 2008) (in 1991 - 9.79 million people); including: in Central Serbia - 5.82 million, in Vojvodina - 2 million. 52% of the population lives in cities.

During the collapse of Yugoslavia in 1991-1995, several hundred thousand refugees from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived in Serbia. In 1999, there was a large wave of emigration of Albanians from Kosovo, and in 2000-2001 - the emigration of Kosovo Serbs. The population is dominated by Serbs (62 percent) and Albanians (17 percent). Montenegrins (5 percent), Hungarians (3 percent) and a number of national minorities also live in Serbia. Before the outbreak of hostilities in 1999, Serbs made up 85 percent of the population in Serbia proper, 54 percent in Vojvodina, and 13 percent in Kosovo; Hungarians and Croats are large minorities in Vojvodina.

The official language of the country is Serbian. Hungarian, Slovak, Croatian, Romanian, Ukrainian and Ruthenian languages are also used in Vojvodina. In Kosovo and Metohija the official languages are Serbian and Albanian.

According to the 2002 census, excluding Kosovo: Orthodox - 6,371,584 people. (85.0% of the population), Catholics - 410,976 people. (5.5% of the population), Muslims - 239,658 people. (3.2%), Protestants - 80,837 people. (1.1% of the population). Jehovah's Witnesses - 3871 people. (0.05% of the population) according to 2009 data.

Source - http://ru.wikipedia.org/