Nutrition for stage 2 obesity. Diet and treatment of obesity in children. Drug therapy for obesity

Obesity is an acute problem of our time. A disease that develops against the background of metabolic disorders causes significant psycho-emotional and physical discomfort to a person. Is a provocateur of the development of pathologies of cardio-vascular system, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, hypertension and many other diseases.

The main key to solving the problem is losing weight. Therapy for the disease can be based on medications, non-drug methods, or surgery. Treatment is most effective when moderate physical activity is combined with diet.

What kind of food for obesity, a menu for everyone - questions that do not lose relevance among obese people.

The essence of the disease

Before you get acquainted with the detailed menu for a week for obesity, you need to understand the seriousness of the problem. Obesity is a significant increase in body weight due to fat deposits in organs, tissues, and subcutaneous tissue.

Main reasons:

• genetic predisposition;
• poor nutrition;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• unstable hormonal levels;
• violations nervous system, metabolism.

Many people do not see a problem with their excess weight. In order to independently determine normal weight, you can use Broca’s formula (subtract 100 from height, cm). The excess of the result can be easily converted into a percentage by which the degree (stage) of obesity is determined.

Obesity is also diagnosed in people with a body mass index (BMI) exceeding 25. If a person’s BMI is more than 40, then severe obesity is observed (morbid, grade 4). In order to calculate this indicator, the formula is used - weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters.

Interesting! The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially recognized obesity as a non-communicable epidemic of humanity. Every year more and more obese people are recorded. In some countries their numbers exceed 50% of the population of all ages.

Extra pounds force all organs to work harder. The heart suffers the most; it has to provide blood to the entire body mass for life. This is where health problems arise. In the absence of an adequate response to such a condition, the forecasts are far from optimistic - rapid aging, disability, early death.

The only one effective method Minimizing the load on your organs and improving their functioning means losing weight. However, you need to lose weight correctly. A sudden loss of body weight increases the load on the organs due to the fact that they are under stress. As a result, the rapidly lost kilograms will return.

The normal rate of weight loss is an indicator that varies within 10% of the initial indicator every six months. Such gradual weight loss will be as harmless as possible for the body by gradually reducing the load on the organs. Diet therapy will help you lose weight correctly.

Diet rules

When developing a diet for obesity, it is very important to adhere to some rules (principles) that will help you quickly achieve the desired effect.

Basic principles:

• fractional meals(in small portions) at least five times a day;
• proper dinner - no later than 2 hours before bedtime, in terms of calories it should be lighter than all other meals (especially lunch);
• after eating you cannot rest (lie down);
• exclusion of simple carbohydrates from the diet;
• sufficient drinking regime;
• reducing consumption of animal fats;
• limiting salt to 5-8 g, with hypertension - complete exclusion;
• refusal of fried, unhealthy foods, canned food, sausages, fast food, seasonings, sauces, alcohol;
• fasting days once a week (fruit, fermented milk, watermelon, vegetarian).

In addition, the calorie content of the daily menu should not exceed energy consumption. Increased energy expenditure occurs due to moderate physical activity. Hiking in the fresh air, light jogging, cycling, rollerblading, skating, and swimming are useful.

Obese people need to be patient and have willpower. The process of losing weight is a long, difficult path. That is why not only physical, but also psychological preparation is important.

Diet No. 8

Dietary nutrition is based on reducing energy value daily menu (no more than 1650-1900 kcal) with a decrease in the proportion of animal fats and fast carbohydrates. Diet No. 8 is classic version menu for this condition. Developed by nutritionist Mikhail Pevzner specifically for obese people.

At the first and second stages of obesity, mainly the menu is used, respectively, table No. 8. The third and fourth stages require the prescription of a diet with reduced energy intensity - a variation of Diet No. 8 (“A”, “0”).

Features of diet varieties No. 8.

It is advisable to start therapy with the basic diet (No. 8). It is rich in good taste of dishes. Prescribed for grade 1, when a person has no complaints. Often their day is accompanied by mental and physical stress, so such a diet will be enough. For grade 2 obesity, this diet is also successfully used, but always with the addition of moderate physical activity.

Variety “A” involves limiting fats at the expense of vegetable ones, and eliminating simple carbohydrates and limiting complex ones. The amount of liquid you drink is reduced to 0.8-1 liters per day.

After the patient stops losing weight, he is transferred to a strict diet - “0”. Due to the extreme reduction in protein, it is prescribed in a hospital setting for a short period (maximum 1 month), since it can harm health.

Important! When using reduced diets, you should not start right away with low calorie diets. The first should be table No. 8, then gradually move to 8 “A”, then, if necessary, to 8 “0”.

Low-calorie diets require control not only over body weight, but also overall well-being. If there are side effects– nausea, bowel dysfunction, fatigue, general weakness, disturbance heart rate, there is a need to exit the diet, which should also not be abrupt.

Menu

The diet is prescribed privately by a nutritionist for each patient. However, to have a general idea of ​​the upcoming diet, you can read sample menu for obesity for a week.

Diet No. 8 for every day

Monday	Tuesday
Breakfast.
cottage cheese; apple; unsweetened coffee;	buckwheat; stewed carrots; green tea.
Second breakfast
biscuits; juice;	apple.
Dinner
soup; jellied tongue; tomatoes; compote;	beetroot soup with sour cream; stewed cabbage with meat; apple compote.
Afternoon snack
rosehip decoction; rye cracker;	jelly; breads.
Dinner
sea ​​fish; vegetable stew;	steam cutlet; vegetable puree; tea.
Snack *
kefir;	yogurt.

* snacks can be consumed between main meals, at night (in limited quantities!).

Wednesday	Thursday
Breakfast
oatmeal; boiled egg; unsweetened coffee;	omelette; homemade turkey sausage; compote.
Second breakfast
pears;	yogurt is not sweet; diet cookies.
Dinner
vegetable soup; cabbage rolls; jelly;	borsch; steamed fish; jacket potatoes; jelly.
Afternoon snack
kefir;	fruit salad.
Dinner
pumpkin puree; lean steamed meat; curdled milk;	cottage cheese and pumpkin casserole; baked apple.
Snack
apples;	low-fat cheese.

Friday	Saturday
Breakfast
vegetable salad; cottage cheese; compote;	a cheese sandwich; poached egg; unsweetened coffee.
Second breakfast
fruits;	coleslaw; bread; apple.
Dinner
okroshka; beef baked with vegetables; tomato juice;	light soup; buckwheat porridge; baked fish; compote.
Afternoon snack
beet caviar; bread;	low-fat cottage cheese with berries.
Dinner
potato fritters; vegetable stew; rosehip decoction;	baked vegetables; milk jelly; tea with mint.
Snack
sour fruits;	kefir.

Sunday

One day must definitely be a fasting day. In summer, you can eat watermelon pulp (1.5-2 kg) all day long; in other seasons, you can eat apples (no more than 2 kg), low-fat cottage cheese (no more than 0.5 kg).

When prescribing the 8 “A” diet, the set of products remains the same, but the amount of their consumption is reduced. Nutrition according to the 8 “0” table provides for an even greater reduction in consumed proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Portions are calculated with an emphasis on caloric content. For an accurate result, you need to use special tables.

Nutrition for obesity plays a very important role in creating normal living conditions. Only by bringing weight back to normal can a person live a full life and reduce or completely eliminate the risks of serious diseases. Dieting is the main key to success in the fight against extra pounds.

Excess weight is a headache for many modern women and men. It is dangerous not only because it harms beautiful appearance And ideal figure. Extra pounds can provoke severe cardiovascular diseases, as well as liver and kidney diseases. Second-degree obesity is a serious and dangerous pathology, which for some reason is not always associated with real obesity and therefore is often not taken seriously. However, if you discover signs of this disease, you should start resetting as soon as possible. excess weight.

What are the causes and symptoms of second-degree obesity? How to diagnose and treat it? Are there effective and fast-acting ways to combat Let's find out. But first, let's discuss what overweight is and how many degrees of obesity there are.

Calculation of ailment

There are several stages of this disease. To identify and systematize them, there is a special table presented by WHO, from which the degree of the disease can be determined. However, to do this it is necessary to calculate your own body mass index. How to do it? This value is calculated using simple arithmetic: body weight, given in kilograms, must be divided by a number equal to human height squared (height is recorded in meters).

How do these calculations look in practice? For example, if your height is one meter and seventy centimeters, and your weight is seventy kilograms, then your body mass index is calculated as follows: 70: 2.89 = 24.22. This indicator is considered normal. This means you are not obese.

Classification

Below is a table to help determine the degree of obesity. So, second degree obesity. How many kilograms is this?

According to the coefficients given in the table, this disease is characterized by a BMI from thirty-five to forty units. Let's assume that the patient's height is one meter seventy centimeters. It turns out that in the second stage of obesity, his weight will range from one hundred two to one hundred and fifteen kilograms.

Varieties of the disease

There are several types of second-degree obesity. First of all, it is characterized by a huge fold of fat in the abdominal area, as well as shortness of breath with minimal exertion. This type of disease affects people aged fifty years and above who lead a sedentary lifestyle.

Exogenous-constitutional obesity is diagnosed in those who eat a lot of sweets and fatty foods. It is easier to cure, since it is not associated with hormonal and other disorders in the body.

Visceral obesity is a very dangerous type as it is caused by fat deposits on the internal organs (heart, kidneys, liver). This pathology can provoke the development of diabetes and other serious chronic diseases.

Symptoms of the disease

Are there other visible manifestations of the disease besides excess body weight? Signs of second-degree obesity are considered to be fat deposits on all parts of the body (especially the waist and hips), as well as rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath with minimal exertion, rapid pulse, and profuse sweating. As we can see, these manifestations are closely related to cardiovascular pathologies and negatively affect the entire body. They prevent a person from working fruitfully and energetically, leading an active life, and successfully coping with everyday activities.

Moreover, such changes in the body negatively affect a person’s mental and emotional well-being. What are the objective reasons for the appearance of second-degree obesity?

The culprits of the disease

The secondary factors that provoke obesity include:

• Hormonal imbalances that have a negative impact on the processing of food by the gastrointestinal tract.
• Endocrine diseases that contribute to metabolic disorders.
• Damage to the cerebral cortex caused by traumatic brain injury or various types of infections. As a result, there is an increased appetite, which provokes excess weight (obesity).
• Stress and nervous tension, causing a feeling of constant hunger.
• Non-compliance with the wakefulness regime (duration of night sleep is more or less than the norm of eight to ten hours).
• Hereditary disposition.

The reasons listed above have a huge impact on the occurrence of obesity in women and men. However, the main culprit behind excess weight is poor nutrition, aggravated by in a sedentary manner life.

Often, fat women, like men, deceive themselves, hiding behind a genetic predisposition, hormonal imbalances and other diseases. But more often than not, the true root of obesity is failure to follow the rules. healthy eating. Here are some of them:

• abundant consumption of fatty, fried, smoked, sweet and starchy foods;
• frequent snacking;
• drinking soda and sweet drinks;
• sedentary work.

Gender differences

Is obesity really diagnosed more often in the weaker half of humanity than in the strong? Why are fat women more common than fat men? This can be influenced by several factors:

• pregnancy and childbirth;
• hormonal disorders;
• “eating” stress;
• predisposition to fat deposits.

Most likely, you will agree that the above applies more to women than to men. Therefore, representatives of the fairer sex are advised to monitor excess weight more carefully. If it is not controlled, it can cause severe emotional and mental disorders, mental trauma, provoke depression and various kinds of complexes, and also cause infertility or miscarriages. What can you say about men?

Obesity and the army

Do they accept obese people into the army? In short, yes. However, there are several nuances here. For example, if a conscript is diagnosed with the first or second degree of obesity, then he may be considered fit for military service either completely or with restrictions. If a person liable for military service is found to have the third or fourth stage of obesity, then he is assigned temporary unfitness with a deferment of the commission for six months. If after six months the situation has not changed (and this happened several times), then the conscript is assigned the category of absolute unsuitability for military service.

Treatment of the disease

What to do if you are diagnosed with second degree obesity. How to lose weight? If you want to do drug treatment diseases, you should consult an endocrinologist, and not self-prescribe miracle tablets and pills. The doctor will prescribe medications that improve metabolism and reduce appetite, as well as promote the breakdown of fats. Moreover, you will definitely be recommended a regimen physical activity With detailed description exercises. But what if you can’t afford to visit a specialist? Then you can stick general rules and the tips below. However, following these recommendations does not exclude consultation with a medical expert.

Diet food

For effective relief, you should use a strict diet. If you are obese, it is recommended to completely avoid fats and sugar. You should only eat low-calorie foods, such as vegetables and unsweetened fruits. It is not recommended to give up all fats and carbohydrates on one day, as this can negatively affect the body and mental well-being of the patient.

It's best to start by cutting back on your usual portions. If previously an obese person ate a liter of borscht at lunch, now he can reduce the volume of the first course to seven hundred grams, or even half a liter. Chew food slowly and thoroughly. This way, saturation will come faster, and the gastrointestinal tract will not suffer. It is recommended to eat only when strong feeling hunger. It is also important to drink up to one and a half liters of purified water daily. Now let's discuss an approximate diet menu for obesity.

Correct selection of dishes

To start eating for weight loss, you should purchase a small kitchen scale to constantly weigh your food and ingredients. This will help you avoid overeating and accurately count the calorie content of your meals. So, let's look at the menu for the first seven days.

Day	Meals	Recommended dishes
First	Breakfast	Ninety grams of oatmeal, fifty grams of fruit
	First snack	Seventy-five grams of low-fat cottage cheese
	Dinner	Two hundred ten grams vegetable soup in low-fat broth
	Second snack	One banana
	Dinner	Two hundred grams of seafood, one egg, fifty grams of cucumbers and tomatoes
Second	Breakfast	Buckwheat porridge (one hundred twenty-five grams), one tomato
	First snack	One banana
	Dinner	Vegetable broth (one hundred grams), chicken (ninety grams)
	Second snack	Vegetable salad (one hundred and fifty grams)
	Dinner	Semolina porridge (one hundred grams), vegetable casserole (one hundred and fifty grams)
Third	Breakfast	One hundred and fifty grams of cottage cheese casserole with banana, twenty grams of dried apricots
	First snack	One hundred grams of yogurt
	Dinner	Two hundred grams of soup with meatballs, fifty grams of boiled fish
	Second snack	A glass of yogurt, one apple, one loaf of bread
	Dinner	Two hundred twenty-five grams of baked fish, two tomatoes
Fourth	Breakfast	Cottage cheese (one hundred and ten grams), two bananas
	First snack	Apple and kiwi (two pieces each)
	Dinner	Ukha (two hundred grams), two cucumbers
	Second snack	Cottage cheese (one hundred grams), walnuts (fifty grams)
	Dinner	Baked chicken (two hundred grams) with vegetables
Fifth	Breakfast	One hundred and twenty grams of rice porridge, twenty grams of hard cheese
	First snack	A glass of kefir, one apple
	Dinner	Two hundred grams of borscht, one hundred grams of vegetable salad
	Second snack	One hundred grams of cottage cheese and one banana
	Dinner	One hundred and fifty grams of boiled potatoes and two cucumbers
Sixth	Breakfast	Cottage cheese (fifty grams) with a teaspoon of honey
	First snack	Biscuit (fifty grams), one apple
	Dinner	Buckwheat soup (two hundred grams), beef stew (fifty grams)
	Second snack	Glass of fermented baked milk
	Dinner	Boiled chicken (one hundred and fifty grams), vegetables
Seventh	Breakfast	Two hundred grams of buckwheat porridge, one egg
	First snack	Apple and orange (one each)
	Dinner	Mushroom soup(two hundred grams), baked chicken breast(one hundred grams)
	Second snack	Cottage cheese (one hundred grams), two bananas
	Dinner	Vinaigrette (one hundred and fifty grams), stewed turkey (one hundred grams)

As you can see, the above menu is quite varied and appetizing, and it’s also easy to prepare. Therefore, if you are result-oriented, go for it, and you will be able to achieve the desired result!

However, as mentioned above, to get rid of excess fat, you need to not only monitor your diet. It is important to regularly and purposefully engage in special gymnastics. What exercises can help fight obesity?

Set of exercises

Before you start artistic gymnastics, you should remember: you need to start small, gradually increasing the load and duration of the sessions. Recommended exercises primarily include swimming, fast walking or slow jogging, and cycling. Going to the gym will also be an important factor. At home, you can (and should) pump up your abs. This must be done as shown below.

Also very effective are leg raises in a lying position, exercises such as “scissors”, “bicycle” and others. While standing, you can try bending forward and backward and left and right, as well as squats and running in place.

Folk remedies

Is it possible to cure second-degree obesity with the help of a traditional first aid kit? Yes, if you use her recipes in combination with other drugs and recommendations. For example, you can make yourself tea. To do this, combine the leaves of burdock, birch and walnut, as well as hop cones. A tablespoon of the resulting mixture should be brewed in a glass of boiling water, left for half an hour and taken one hundred milligrams thirty minutes before meals. You can also drink a glass of rose hips brewed in this way once a day.

As you can see, there are many useful and effective means to combat excess weight and obesity. These include medications, dietary nutrition, physical activity, and ethnoscience. To achieve the desired result, it is important to use all this in combination, strictly following all the recommendations of your doctor, carefully weighing the foods you eat and actively doing gymnastics to lose weight. Then you will definitely win the difficult and serious fight against obesity, and the extra pounds will never return to you and remind you of themselves.

If a disease such as obesity is detected, then it is required complex treatment. An integral part of it is the diet, which must be applied taking into account the degree of obesity and concomitant diseases.

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Types and degrees of obesity

Most doctors believe that there are three degrees of obesity, preceded by a condition that is medically called overweight bodies. If there is no control over nutrition, it turns into first-degree obesity.

To make a diagnosis, medicine uses formulas to calculate body weight.

Obesity is divided into two types: android (male) and gynoid (female). Men are characterized by the deposition of fat in the abdomen and waist, as well as the accumulation of internal fat. For women - deposits on the hips and buttocks.

The android type is considered the most dangerous, and if detected, treatment must be started immediately. Women and men can suffer from both types, but the female type is less common in men.

Children, like adults, suffer from obesity of all degrees.

Diet for obesity

At the first signs of excess weight, you need to establish strict control over your diet.



Therapeutic nutrition - general principles

Diets for obesity are based on limiting the consumption of easily digestible carbohydrates and fats. Due to this, the energy value of the dish is reduced. When eating therapeutically, you need to eat fractionally, 5-6 times a day, in small portions. The break between meals should be 2 hours. For obesity, diet No. 8 is recommended.

One fasting day per week is necessary for all stages of the disease.

A feature of table No. 8 is the reduction in calorie content of food by sharply limiting the consumption of fast carbohydrates. The consumption of salt and fat is reduced. A feeling of satiety while reducing caloric intake is achieved through the consumption of fiber and protein.

Calories are calculated individually for each patient, taking into account height, weight and gender. In the first month of treatment, the energy value of the diet is reduced by 600 kcal compared to the patient’s usual diet. With further diet therapy, caloric intake is reduced by another 20-30%. In this case, weight loss is slow, but patients tolerate such a calorie deficit well.



For 1st degree obesity

Dietary food should consist of proteins (60%), fats of vegetable origin (25%), carbohydrates (15%). Sugar is completely excluded; the use of substitutes is acceptable, but in limited quantities. The daily salt intake does not exceed 8 g.

Be sure to drink 1.2 liters of fluid.

It is allowed to eat bread in small quantities (140-160 g).

Prepare dishes without salt and add salt after cooking. Products can be boiled, stewed, baked and steamed. Fried foods should be avoided.

For 2nd degree obesity

Diet therapy is similar to that used for the first stage of the disease. The amount of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, salt and liquid is the same as in the first case. It is necessary to exclude some types of foods completely (bread, sugar substitutes).

Methods of preparing dishes do not differ from those recommended for 1st degree obesity.

It is necessary to add moderate physical activity. Weight loss will be slow, but with an active lifestyle, the extra pounds will not return.

For obesity of the 3rd degree

Diet therapy must be carried out in a hospital setting, under the supervision of a doctor. It differs significantly from diets for obesity of the first and second degrees. The diet is designed so as not to exceed 1300 kcal per day. The doctor prescribes the menu based on test results and taking into account concomitant diseases.

The consumption of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is limited. Daily rate:

• proteins – 80 g (70% of animal origin, 30% of plant origin);
• fats – 60 g (30% - vegetable origin, 70% - animal);
• carbohydrates – 100 g.

Children's diet for obesity

The child's body needs balanced diet with the obligatory presence of vitamins and all useful substances. Children and adolescents prone to obesity should be fed in small portions, always at the same time, 5-6 times a day. It is necessary to teach the child to eat slowly, in which case the feeling of fullness comes faster, and the person will not feel hungry after eating.

You should definitely reduce your intake of carbohydrates, especially easily digestible ones.

You need to limit the amount of sweets and baked goods. You cannot leave your child completely without sweets, but the amount should be minimal.

Vegetables and fruits, as well as juices from them, are a source of vitamins and minerals. Juices are prepared from fresh products suitable for baby food.

Potatoes contain a large amount of starch; they should be included in the diet as little as possible.

The child needs to receive the daily allowance of meat, fish, and dairy products. For different ages standards vary:

Steamed meat and fish dishes are prepared for obese children. You can stew and bake them, but without adding oil. Soups are cooked vegetarian; cooking with diluted broth is acceptable, but not often, 1-2 times a week. Fried foods should be completely avoided.

Permitted and prohibited products

Any permitted products cannot be consumed without following the precautions. If you do not limit the amount of even permitted products, then diet therapy will not bring the expected results.



Prohibited and permitted foods for obesity

Authorized products:

• lean meats (white meat chicken, veal, beef, turkey, rabbit);
• low-fat varieties of fish;
• mineral water;
• coffee and tea without sugar and cream;
• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• carrot;
• beet;
• all types of cabbage;
• greens, lettuce, spinach, sorrel;
• eggplants and zucchini;
• pepper;
• radish, turnip, radish;
• green pea;
• green beans.

Products that need to be limited:

• milk and dairy products(low-fat);
• cottage cheese 5% fat;
• potato;
• corn;
• cheeses (less than 30% fat);
• legumes;
• pasta;
• bread and other baked goods (not made from pastry);
• eggs;
• fruits;
• cereals (rice, barley, wheat, buckwheat);
• vegetable oil.

Prohibited products:

• butter;
• salo;
• sour cream and cream;
• cheeses (more than 30% fat content);
• cottage cheese (more than 5% fat content);
• mayonnaise;
• fatty meats (pork, lamb, chicken thighs and drumsticks);
• smoked meats, sausages, frankfurters, small sausages;
• poultry skin;
• canned meat, fish and vegetables with added oil;
• nuts, seeds;
• sugar, honey, jam, jams;
• candies, chocolate;
• bananas, dates, grapes;
• confectionery products (pastry, cakes, etc.);
• cookies, pastry products;
• ice cream;
• sweet carbonated drinks;
• alcoholic drinks.

Allowed and prohibited foods are almost the same for all stages of obesity. In the third degree, medical supervision is necessary, since a sharp limitation of the energy value of the diet can lead to changes in blood test parameters.

Sample menu

To lose weight, it is recommended to cook, stew, bake or eat raw foods. The best way cooking - steamed. This temperature treatment is useful not only for those who want to regain normal weight, but also for people suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular system.

Portions should be small to avoid overeating.

Menu for the week

To ensure proper and varied nutrition, it is necessary to prepare a diet for the week in advance.

An example menu is presented in the table:

Day of the week	Menu
Monday	Breakfast: fresh vegetable salad; half a hard-boiled egg; tea; 2nd breakfast: applesauce; lunch: cauliflower or broccoli soup; chicken breast stewed with zucchini; fruit compote; afternoon snack: cottage cheese; dinner: fish baked in foil with lemon; a fresh vegetable salad
Tuesday	Breakfast: salad of tomatoes, cucumbers and herbs; a slice of hard cheese; coffee; 2nd breakfast: orange; lunch: vegetarian borsch; boiled veal; Apple juice; afternoon snack: unsweetened yogurt; dinner: stewed cabbage with mushrooms; boiled fish
Wednesday	Breakfast: cottage cheese casserole with pear or peach; coffee with milk; 2nd breakfast: seasonal fruits; lunch: okroshka; buckwheat porridge; steam cutlets from veal; apple compote; afternoon snack: kefir; dinner: fish baked with vegetables
Thursday	Breakfast: protein omelet; tea with milk; 2nd breakfast: grapefruit juice; lunch: soup with meatballs; chicken soufflé; berry compote; afternoon snack: rosehip decoction; dinner: boiled turkey; salad of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers and cheese
Friday	Breakfast: tomato salad with beans; coffee; 2nd breakfast: apple; lunch: borscht with half broth; baked veal with eggplant; Orange juice; afternoon snack: unsweetened yogurt; dinner: fish cutlet steam; boiled beet salad
Saturday	Breakfast: cottage cheese with fruit; tea; 2nd breakfast: seasonal fruits; lunch: celery soup; wheat porridge; Beef Goulash; fruit compote; afternoon snack: kefir; dinner: peppers stuffed with minced chicken; fresh vegetables
Sunday	Breakfast: tomato; cucumber; a slice of hard cheese; tea; 2nd breakfast: grated carrots with apple; lunch: fish soup; baked turkey with vegetables; tomato juice; afternoon snack: cottage cheese; dinner: vegetarian cabbage rolls

You can use some products more often, some less often. It all depends on taste preferences. It is important that the diet is balanced, with sufficient vitamins.

• meat boiled without salt (up to 350 g);
• low-fat cottage cheese (500-600 g), tea without sugar (2-3 glasses);
• fruits, berries or vegetables (1500 g);
• kefir (1500 g).

The daily intake of products is divided into 5-6 doses. Be sure to follow a drinking regime - at least 1.2 liters of water. Depending on the particular state of the body, on fasting days you can alternate foods, for example, kefir one week, meat the next. It is acceptable to eat the same product every week.

How to create a menu for a month?

The menu for the month should be compiled depending on the time of year, taking into account the availability seasonal vegetables and fruits. This will make cooking easier and allow you to make your diet more varied.

To simplify the task and not think about each day separately, you need to take a sheet of paper with a calendar and write the first dishes in the boxes with the days so that they alternate and are not of the same type. And the same should be done with the main courses for lunch. Breakfast and dinner are included according to the same principle, so that you don’t have to eat the same salad or porridge three days in a row. Lunch and afternoon tea may not be included in such a menu. These meals usually include decoctions, juices, fermented milk products and fruits.

Diet recipes

Recipes for low-calorie meals for weight loss should not only be healthy and tasty, but also easy to prepare at home.

Products can be changed, but to ones that correspond in energy value. Vegetable broth cannot be replaced with meat broth. The dish will taste better, but will contain more calories and will slow down or stop weight loss.

Celery soup




Ingredients:

• 400 g celery;
• 1.5 liters of water;
• 3 potato tubers;
• 2 onions;
• 1/3 lemon;
• vegetable oil;
• salt.

Preparation:

1. 1. Add diced potatoes to boiling water and add salt.
2. 2. Chop the celery root and onion and simmer in vegetable oil.
3. 3. Add to boiling potatoes, cook until completely softened.
4. 4. Grind everything in a blender, pour into a saucepan and bring to a boil.
5. 5. Add lemon juice to the soup and serve with croutons.

Vegetarian cabbage rolls with mushrooms




Ingredients for the sauce:

• 800 g chopped tomatoes;
• 150 g tomato paste;
• 1 cup vegetable broth;
• 1 tbsp. spoon vegetable oil;
• 1 medium onion;
• salt and pepper to taste.

Ingredients for cabbage rolls:

• 1 medium-sized head of cabbage;
• ½ cup boiled rice;
• ½ cup sauteed onion;
• 250 g lightly fried mushrooms;
• mixture of dry vegetables;
• salt to taste.

Preparation:

1. 1. Sauté onions in a frying pan with 1 tbsp. spoon of vegetable oil until soft.
2. 2. Add crushed peeled tomatoes.
3. 3. Add vegetable broth with tomato paste diluted in it to the pan.
4. 4. Bring to a boil and simmer over low heat for 20 minutes. The result will be a tender, thick sauce.
5. 5. Place the cabbage in boiling water for a few minutes.
6. 6. Divide the head of cabbage into individual leaves.
7. 7. Mix all the ingredients for the filling and add 2-3 tablespoons of sauce for juiciness.
8. 8. Place the filling on the sheets and wrap the cabbage rolls, covering the sides.
9. 9. Place cabbage rolls in a saucepan and pour sauce over them. Add vegetable broth if the sauce does not completely cover the cabbage rolls.
10. 10. Bring to a boil, turn down the heat and simmer for 40 minutes.

Steamed chicken soufflé




Ingredients:

• 500 g minced chicken;
• 100 ml cream;
• 1 chicken egg;
• salt (to taste).

Preparation:

1. 1. Twist the chicken breast in a meat grinder or smash it in a blender.
2. 2. Add cream and egg yolk to the minced meat, mix thoroughly.
3. 3. Beat the egg whites and salt with a mixer until foamy and add to the minced meat.
4. 4. Place the mixture in a mold, preferably silicone.
5. 5. Cook in a double boiler or multicooker in the “steam” mode for 40 minutes.



Ingredients:

• chicken fillet – 1 pc.;
• onion – 1 pc.;
• zucchini – 2 pcs.;
• vegetable oil - ½ tbsp. spoons;
• salt to taste.

Preparation :

1. 1. Cut the chicken fillet into small cubes or cubes (as for beef stroganoff).
2. 2. Cut the onion into half rings.
3. 3. Cut the zucchini into cubes, place in a container, add a little salt and let stand for 30 minutes.
4. 4. Pour oil into the frying pan and add 1 tbsp. spoon of water, add fillet pieces and simmer over medium heat, stirring occasionally.
5. 5. Add onion to the meat and sauté for another 10 minutes.
6. 6. Drain excess water from the zucchini and add to the fillet and onions. There is no need to add water, as the zucchini will release juice and there will be enough liquid.
7. 7. Add salt, stir and simmer over low heat until tender, covering with a lid.
8. 8. When the liquid evaporates, add water.

Veal with eggplant in foil




Ingredients:

• balyk or veal pulp – 300 g;
• eggplants – 1 pc.;
• salt;
• a mixture of Caucasian herbs;
• tomato - 2 pcs.

Preparation:

1. 1. Cut the meat into 3 plates, lightly beat, salt and sprinkle with herbs.
2. 2. Cut the eggplants into slices, put them in a bowl and add salt. They need to stand for 1 hour, so you need to prepare them in advance.
3. 3. Drain the liquid from the eggplants and squeeze lightly.
4. 4. Place a piece of meat on foil, top with eggplant rings and tomato rings, then meat again, alternating it with eggplants and tomatoes, and wrap.
5. 5. Preheat the oven to 180 degrees and bake the dish for 40 minutes.
6. 6. Open the foil slightly to allow steam to escape, increase the temperature to 200 degrees and bake for another 20 minutes.

The calorie content of all these dishes is reduced to a minimum.

Diet therapy is used for a long time, under the supervision of a doctor, since it is necessary to monitor the dynamics of body weight loss and biochemical blood parameters. In combination with physical therapy positive results are achieved. Rest immediately after eating is unacceptable.

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Menu with recipes for a week for weight loss according to diet 8. Are you overweight? Use diet No. 8 for obesity, which will help you lose those treasured pounds!

Diet No. 8 for obesity

One in nine adults is obese. The weight of earthlings is rapidly increasing, and with it health problems. Obesity of the 1st degree - constitutional and exogenous - occurs in the absence of nutritional culture and physical activity. Gynoid with localization of fat in specific areas is more typical for women.

Men are more likely to suffer from visceral fat on the stomach. To get rid of weight problems, you need to adjust your eating behavior and adhere to the nutritional system developed by nutritionist Pevzner, the author of 15 health-improving diets.

Features of diet No. 8

Its goal is to restore metabolic processes. It is suitable not only for overweight people, but also for those who often overeat and who are at risk of obesity in the future. The menu principles are based on:

• to reduce daily caloric intake;
• avoiding empty calories and refined foods;
• increasing the volume of coarse fiber;
• limiting salt, fats;
• fractional meals;
• moderate physical activity.

For calculation daily norm calories, you can use this convenient calculator:

Before starting a diet, you first remove foods that stimulate your appetite and lead to weight gain. Locked:

• confectionery, white bread;
• sweet fruits - grapes, figs, watermelon;
• pickled, fermented foods, seasonings, sauces;
• alcoholic drinks, carbonated drinks, packaged juices, cocoa;
• fatty dairy products, desserts.

Allowed:

• proteins – veal, poultry, rabbit, lean fish;
• seafood;
• eggs;
• Rye bread;
• vegetables in any quantity with a minimum of oil;
• sweet and sour fruits and berries;
• cereal porridge;
• cheese;
• nuts;

About calories and grams

The diet is made taking into account the norms of proteins, fats and glucose. The body must receive micro- and macroelements, amino acids to ensure the functioning of systems and organs, and a resource for creating new cells.

• The amount of protein is calculated from body weight - 1 kg/1g.
• The norm of carbohydrates does not exceed 200 g, fat - 70 g.
• Caloric intake of the diet is 1250-1400 kcal.
• Serving size: 150 meat/poultry, 200 fish, 100 g cereals. A day you can eat 2 eggs, 50 g of cheese, 150 low-fat cottage cheese, 2 pieces of rye bread. It is preferable to eat vegetables raw in any quantity. You can squeeze juices or make smoothies from them.

How many kg did you manage to lose thanks to diet table No. 8?

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Diet for a week

The menu given as an example is a template for creating dietary chart No. 8 for every day. When compiling, each one is guided by taste preferences and food tolerance.

1 day:

• 1 breakfast - cottage cheese with a fat content of 1.8% + berries, tea.
• Medium orange.
• Lunch - soup with meatballs, vegetable casserole + beef tongue.
• Afternoon snack - grated carrots with butter and a slice of bread.
• Dinner - baked fish + broccoli and cauliflower salad.
• After 2 hours - pumpkin-carrot juice.

Day 2

• Bran bread, steam omelette.
• Fruit salad (grapefruit + kiwi + tangerine).
• Pumpkin soup, meatballs with vegetables.
• Salad with avocado, Chinese cabbage, herbs, cucumber.
• Squid stuffed with cabbage or pike perch from the oven.
• Yogurt without filler.

Day 3

• Cheesecakes in the oven + tea.
• Boiled pumpkin with nuts.
• Green cabbage soup, steamed cutlets with herbs + 2 l. buckwheat
• Fruit jelly.
• Meat cabbage rolls.
• Apple-celery juice.

4 day

• Spinach omelette.
• Toast with half an avocado.
• Beetroot soup, turkey with basil + a couple of baked potatoes.
• Salad of kiwi, tangerine and 1 tsp. spoons of honey .
• Seafood cocktail without spices with salad and olives.
• Vegetable smoothie.

5 day

• Poached egg + bran bread.
• Yogurt with a handful of berries.
• Mushroom soup, veal stew with fresh vegetables.
• Boiled or baked quince.
• Tuna steak with zucchini and eggplant under a cheese crust.
• Kefir.

Day 6

• Cottage cheese casserole with berries.
• Baked apples.
• Sorrel soup, shrimp pasta.
• A slice of cheese.
• Stuffed peppers or zucchini.
• Tomato juice.

Day 7

• Zucchini and apple pudding.
• A handful of hazelnuts.
• Beef stroganoff + boiled green beans.
• Carrot soufflé.
• Boiled tongue + 2 l. green peas.
• Vegetable juice.

Once every 7 days, have a fasting day on kefir and apples or cucumbers.

Low-calorie recipes

Option No. 1. Puree soup. Take 200 g of cauliflower and broccoli, 1 celery, boil and beat in a blender. Served with herbs and toasted bread.

Option No. 2. Cut the pumpkin, boil it, and beat it with a blender. Pour ¼ cup of cream into the thick mass.

Vegetarian soup

Throw the carrots into the pan, simmer a little and add water. Add celery and potatoes to the boiling broth. Add a spoonful of flour to the butter and add it to the soup 3 minutes before it’s ready. To make it thick, you can mash the vegetables. At the end add 2 tablespoons of green peas and dill.

Braised squid

For the recipe you need: 250 g of product, 2 onions and carrots. Thawed carcasses are poured with boiling water and kept under a lid. At this time, chop the onion, chop the carrots, then simmer in a frying pan until soft. Add squid to the vegetable mixture and simmer for 8 minutes. Serve with salad or buckwheat.

2 vitamin salads

With soaked cheese. Chinese cabbage, cut the parsley, add radishes, cucumbers, cherry tomatoes, and a handful of olives. Season with lemon juice and a drop of vegetable oil.

With nuts. Grate an apple, finely chop a stalk of celery, cover with crushed walnut kernels (50g). Season with homemade yogurt or kefir.

Vegetable cabbage rolls

For the dish you will need: a large tomato, carrots, 2 bell peppers, half a zucchini, greens, 6 blanched cabbage leaves.

Cut the tomato without skin, pepper, zucchini, chop the carrots and place them one by one on a saucepan. Simmer for 7 minutes, then spread the mass over the leaves and fold it into an envelope. Tomato paste mix with the water in which the cabbage was blanched, pour in and put on fire for 15 minutes.

Beef Stroganoff

Needed: 250 beef, a glass of milk, a spoonful of oatmeal and butter. Mix flour into hot milk. The meat, cut into long strips, is placed in a mold and baked in a hot oven for 10 minutes. Take out, pour milk sauce and leave in the oven for another 8 minutes.

Steamed fish balls

An egg and a slice of soaked bread are added to half a kilo of minced meat. The mixture is kneaded, cutlets are formed, and cooked in a double boiler for 30 minutes.

Veal with carrots

Ingredients: half a kilo of meat, a couple of root vegetables, 1 onion, 1 tbsp. l. oils, basil, parsley. The veal is beaten. Fry onions and carrots for 1 minute over high heat, add meat. After 3 minutes, transfer everything into a saucepan and pour boiling water onto the finger above. Simmer for about an hour. Add the herbs and after a minute turn off the burner.

Carrot pudding

2 large root vegetables are crushed. Beat the yolk with 0.5 l. sugar and 2 l. milk, add 20 g of semolina for thickness. The protein is introduced into the grated carrots and everything is mixed. The egg-vegetable mixture is placed in a greased form, covered with foil, and kept in a double boiler for half an hour.

Jelly with apples and currants

Peel 2 antonovkas, cut into slices, boil until soft. Add gelatin to the compote and stir thoroughly. The cooled mass of 150 g is poured into molds, a spoonful of berries is added, and placed in a chamber to harden. Jelly is consumed as an afternoon snack.

12 votes

Obese children A condition is considered when a child’s body weight exceeds the age-height standard by 15% or more.

There are four degrees of obesity:
Stage 1 obesity is characterized by an excess of body weight by 15-25%,
obesity degree 2 – by 26-50%,
obesity 3rd degree – by 51-100%,
4th degree of obesity – more than 100%.

Treatment of obesity is a long process.
The main thing in the treatment of obesity is dietary nutrition, excluding overeating and starvation, combined with increased physical activity.

Medicines are not used for obesity in children. Cholesterol control is possible.

The main goal therapeutic nutrition for obesity is the inhibition of the processes of formation and deposition of fat in the subcutaneous fatty tissue and around internal organs, as well as the mobilization of already deposited fat reserves from these places.
It can be achieved primarily as a result of reducing the caloric content of the diet, but restrictions on its energy value must be carried out wisely. A growing child's body must be provided with basic nutrients, including vitamins, mineral salts, microelements.

Children need to be fed at the same time, preferably six times a day with breaks between meals of no more than 2.5 - 3 hours. For example, the first breakfast at 8 a.m., the second at 10 a.m. 30 minutes, lunch at 1 p.m., afternoon snack at 3:30 p.m., dinner at 6 p.m., and the last light meal before bed at 8 p.m.
Such fractional meals reduce appetite, since the next portion of food seems to catch up with the previous one, creating a feeling of fullness in the stomach. This makes it possible to limit yourself to a small amount of food at one time and at the same time relieves the child of hunger.

Treatment of obesity in children should begin gradually, eliminating overfeeding. The bulk of calories should come in the first half of the day, i.e. the period of greatest physical activity.
It is advisable to prepare meat and fish dishes for breakfast and lunch, and in the afternoon give the child dairy and vegetable foods.

At overweight preference is given to lean varieties of meat, poultry, fish (eg cod).
Dairy products - low-fat kefir, low-fat cottage cheese, dietary cheese. Cottage cheese must be consumed daily, preferably in its natural form, because any culinary processing of it requires the addition of flour, butter, sour cream, sugar, and the result is a high-calorie dish.

Kefir should be preferred to milk. Milk products with high fat content (cream, sour cream, baked milk, fermented baked milk, fatty cheeses) should be sharply limited.

Since the main source of fat formation in a child’s adipose tissue is carbohydrates, at the second stage of treatment of obesity from a set of products for children of senior preschool and school age completely exclude white bread, confectionery, sugar, condensed milk, canned juices, sweets, preserves, marmalade, jam, other sweet dishes, semolina, pasta.

For school-age children, xylitol can be offered to sweeten tea and coffee. It can also be used for canning fruits and berries.

Particular attention should be paid to the protein component of food.
60-70% should be animal proteins (lean meat, fish, milk, cottage cheese).
30% of the total protein requirement is vegetable oil (sunflower, olive, corn). It is advisable to use it in its natural form for dressing salads, vegetable dishes. Polyunsaturated fatty acid, which are part of vegetable oil, activate the processes of fat consumption by the body and have a choleretic effect, which is important due to the disruption of the normal function of the gallbladder in many obese children.
Olive oil has the ability to prevent the accumulation of fat in the body.

Vegetables and fruits are widely included in diets for obesity, providing the body with vitamins and minerals. Vegetables are useful in any form - stewed, boiled, but most of them should be consumed raw in the form of salads.
Vegetables that contain a lot of fiber and pectin are especially useful, due to which the volume of food increases, a feeling of fullness is created, intestinal function is regulated, and toxins are removed from the body - all this is essential for excess weight. These include cabbage, radishes, cucumbers, tomatoes, leafy greens, and pumpkin.

IN winter time can be used sauerkraut, frozen cauliflower and Brussels sprouts.
For cooking, you can use green peas, both fresh and canned, and green beans.
In early spring, you can use young nettles to prepare green cabbage soup, and for borscht and beetroot soup (hot or cold), you can use young beet tops, which contain vitamins C, group B, and mineral salts.

When treating obesity, you can give your child sour varieties of fruits and berries in unlimited quantities. At the same time, you should avoid canned fruits, compotes, and juices, as they contain a significant amount of sugar.
Dried fruits containing a lot of potassium salts (dried apricots, apricots, prunes) are useful.

If you are overweight, it is important to maintain a drinking regime and not offer your child juices or sweet drinks instead of water. The amount of liquid and salt corresponds to the age norm.
Culinary processing of food for a child with mild obesity is normal.

With 1 and 2 degrees of obesity these restrictions are most often sufficient. It is advisable to purchase floor scales and weigh your child daily.
If weight gain stops, then with a long period of using such a diet, gradually, as the child grows, his excess body weight will decrease.

Diet for obesity 1-2 degrees, sample menu.

First breakfast
Grated carrots
Cheesecakes with apples
Protein bread
Tea with milk

Second breakfast
Omelette with seaweed
Apple juice

Dinner
The vinaigrette
Vegetarian cabbage soup
Beef Stroganoff
Mashed potatoes
Rye bread
Rose hip decoction

Afternoon snack
Beetroot stuffed with vegetables

Dinner
Buckwheat milk porridge
Protein bread
Tea with milk

Diet for grade 3-4 obesity in children it should be more strict.
Sugar and all types of sweets, confectionery, flour and cereal dishes, pasta, sweet drinks (lemonade, coffee, tea, cocoa), ice cream, sweet fruits and berries (grapes, bananas, raisins, etc.) are completely excluded from the diet. The amount of starch-rich vegetables, including potatoes, is limited.
It is necessary to avoid eating walnuts, which are a high-calorie product due to their high (up to 60-70%) fat content.

Fat, as in mild obesity, is limited mainly by butter and other fats of animal origin, which, however, are not completely excluded from the diet, since they contain fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) necessary for the body.
Food must be steamed, boiled or baked; frying is not allowed.

It is recommended to cook the first courses with vegetable broths (vegetarian cabbage soup, borscht, soups, cream soups, etc.). Only 1-2 times a week the first course can be prepared with weak meat or fish broth.
Milk soups are allowed, but there should not be a lot of cereal in them, preferably buckwheat or pearl barley. It is not recommended to put rice and pasta in first courses.

The menu of an overweight child includes aspic made from meat, fish or chicken, cabbage rolls with meat or vegetables, goulash from boiled meat, beef stroganoff from the liver, zrazy and meat roll with vegetables, stuffed zucchini, tomatoes, sweets. bell pepper etc.

Side dishes for main courses, as well as breakfast and dinner in diets for obesity should consist of a variety of vegetables. It can be vegetable stew, carrot or carrot-apple soufflé, carrot or beet pancakes, cutlets, carrot-curd casserole, stewed beets with prunes, fried eggplants.

Wheat bran is useful. Before use, they must be poured with boiling water for 30 minutes, then the water should be drained, and the softened bran can be added several times a day to any dish, first 1 teaspoon, after a week and a half - 2 teaspoons.

When treating obesity, green salad, onions, radishes, and radishes can be given in large quantities. To improve the taste of dishes, add dill, parsley, and celery.

Once a week you can give your child buckwheat or oatmeal, which contain less carbohydrates and more vegetable protein.

The food is slightly undersalted, and the consumption of salted and smoked foods, marinades, and spices is excluded.
The amount of liquid is also limited. The child should not be given anything to drink between meals. The volume of liquid first and third courses is reduced by half. Compotes are made from dried fruits without sugar.
It is better to use protein bread and partly rye bread.

Diet for obesity 3-4 degrees, menu for the day.

First breakfast
Boiled fish
Vinaigrette of vegetables and fruits
Protein bread
Low-fat kefir

Second breakfast
Low-fat cottage cheese
Milk

Dinner
Potato salad with cucumber
Vegetarian rassolnik
Beef Stroganoff (or liver or jellied tongue)
Carrot puree
Rye bread
Fresh apple compote

Afternoon snack
Cabbage salad with apples

Dinner
White omelette with cottage cheese
Green pea
Protein bread
Low-fat kefir

It is useful to include special dietary products in the diet of obese children, in which the fat content is reduced and the proportion of protein is increased.

We should not forget about seafood. Seaweed, shrimp, squid meat, scallops, and mussels are rich in B vitamins, as well as many micro- and macroelements; they are low in carbohydrates and fats. All seafood products have the ability to normalize fat metabolism.

Sweets, of course, are excluded from the diet of obese children. Only 2-3 times a week can a child be given 1-2 pieces of marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade or a teaspoon of jam. If possible, half of the daily sugar intake (30g) should be replaced with xylitol or sorbitol. It is permissible to consume a limited amount of xylitol-based confectionery products (candy bars, chocolate, cookies, waffles).

Overweight children should have dinner no later than 19:00. And if a child cannot sleep due to hunger, you can offer him kefir, acidophilus or yogurt, or give him an apple or carrot.

Childhood obesity is a family problem. Parents should keep in mind that they will not achieve the desired result if the child does not develop a goal psychological attitude toward partial fasting. Depending on its character, “keys” are selected. You can use various means of persuasion: explanations, persuasion, encouragement. If this goal is not achieved, dietary measures will not be effective, since the child, deprived of the usual pleasure from food, will look for and find “forbidden fruits” (white bread, sweets, baked goods, sausage, etc.)

In addition, an obese child needs a mode of movement - walking, walks, morning exercises, physical labor at home.
You should not pay much attention to decorating dishes, so as not to cause an increased appetite in the child. The child should also be taught to eat slowly.