Designation of materials on drawings of parts. Designations of graphic materials and rules for their application on drawings Designation of part material in a GOST drawing
GOST 2.306-68
Group T52
INTERSTATE STANDARD
Unified system of design documentation
DESIGNATIONS OF GRAPHIC MATERIALS AND RULES FOR THEIR APPLICATION ON DRAWINGS
Unified system for design documentation. Graphical designations of materials and rules for their representation
ISS 01.080.30
Date of introduction 1971-01-01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Instruments under the Council of Ministers of the USSR dated May 28, 1968 N 758
Change No. 4 was adopted by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification by correspondence (Minutes No. 23 of February 28, 2006)
The national standardization bodies of the following states voted for the adoption of the change: AZ, AM, BY, KZ, KG, MD, RU, TJ, TM, UZ, UA [alpha-2 codes according to MK (ISO 3166) 004]
3. (Deleted, Amendment No. 4).
4. INSTEAD OF GOST 3455-59 and GOST 11633-65
5. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Item number |
|
6. EDITION (August 2007) with Amendments No. 1, 2, 3, approved in August 1980, September 1987, March 1989, June 2006 (IUS 11-80, 12-87, 7-89, 9-2006)
1. This standard establishes graphic designations of materials in sections and on facades, as well as rules for applying them to drawings of all industries and construction.
1a. The general graphic designation of materials in sections, regardless of the type of materials, must correspond to Fig. 1a.
(Introduced additionally, Amendment No. 1).
2. Graphic designations of materials in sections, depending on the type of materials, must correspond to those given in Table 1.
It is allowed to use additional designations for materials not provided for in this standard, explaining them in the drawing.
Table 1
Material | Designation |
1. Metals and hard alloys | |
2. Non-metallic materials, including fibrous monolithic and slab (pressed), with the exception of those indicated below | |
3. Wood | |
4. Natural stone | |
5. Ceramics and silicate materials for masonry | |
6. Concrete | |
7. Glass and other translucent materials | |
8. Liquids | |
9. Natural soil |
Notes:
1. Composite materials containing metals and non-metallic materials are designated as metals.
2. The graphic designation of paragraph 3 should be used when there is no need to indicate the direction of the fibers.
3. The graphic designation of paragraph 5 should be used to designate brick products (fired and unfired), refractories, building ceramics, electrical porcelain, slag concrete blocks, etc.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1, 2).
3. Install the following designations for the mesh and backfill made of any material (in cross-section), indicated in Figure 1.
a - mesh; b - backfill
4. When highlighting materials and products on a view (façade), their graphic designations must correspond to those indicated in Table 2.
table 2
Material | Designations |
1. Metals | |
2. Corrugated steel | |
3. Expanded steel | |
4. Masonry of building and special bricks, clinker, ceramics, terracotta, artificial and natural stones of any shape, etc. | |
5. Glass |
Notes:
1. (Deleted, Amendment No. 1).
2. To clarify the type of material, in particular, materials with the same type of designation, the graphic designation should be accompanied by an explanatory inscription in the drawing field.
3. In special construction design drawings for the reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures, designations according to GOST 21.501 should be used.
4. The designation of the material on the view (facade) is allowed not to be applied completely, but only in small areas along the contour or spots inside the contour.
5. Oblique parallel hatch lines should be drawn at an angle of 45° to the contour line of the image (Fig. 2a) or to its axis (Fig. 2b), or to the lines of the drawing frame (Fig. 2).
Drawing 2a
Drawing 2b
If the hatch lines attached to the drawing frame lines at an angle of 45° coincide in direction with the contour lines or center lines, then instead of an angle of 45°, an angle of 30° or 60° should be taken (Fig. 3 and 4).
Damn.4
Hatch lines should be drawn with an inclination to the left or right, but as a rule, in the same direction on all sections belonging to the same part, regardless of the number of sheets on which these sections are located.
6. The distance between parallel straight hatching lines (frequency) should, as a rule, be the same for all sections of a given part performed on the same scale and is selected depending on the hatching area and the need to diversify the hatching of adjacent sections. The specified distance should be from 1 to 10 mm, depending on the hatching area and the need to diversify the hatching of adjacent sections.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 2).
7. Narrow and long cross-sectional areas (for example, stamped, rolled and other similar parts), the width of which in the drawing is from 2 to 4 mm, may be completely hatched only at the ends and at the contours of the holes, and the remaining cross-sectional area - in small sections in several places (Figures 5 and 6). The glass hatch lines (Fig. 7) should be drawn with an inclination of 15-20° to the line of the larger side of the section contour.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 4).
8. Narrow cross-sectional areas, the width of which in the drawing is less than 2 mm, may be shown blackened, leaving gaps between adjacent sections of at least 0.8 mm (drawings 8, 9).
In construction drawings, it is allowed to designate any material as metal on sections of a small area or not to use the designation at all, making an explanatory inscription in the drawing field.
9. The designation specified in paragraph 3 of Table 1 and the designation of the backfill in the cross-section are done by hand.
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
10. For adjacent sections of two parts, you should take the slope of the hatching lines for one section to the right, for the other - to the left (counter hatching).
When shading “in a cage” for adjacent sections of two parts, the distance between the hatch lines in each section should be different.
In adjacent sections with hatching of the same slope and direction, you should change the distance between the hatching lines (Fig. 10) or shift these lines in one section relative to the other without changing the angle of their inclination (Fig. 11).
11. For large cross-sectional areas, as well as when indicating the soil profile, it is allowed to apply the designation only at the contour of the section with a narrow strip of uniform width (Fig. 12).
(Changed edition, Amendment No. 1).
Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
Unified system of design documentation:
Sat. GOST. - M.: Standartinform, 2007
In mechanical engineering, a large number of different types of materials are used for the manufacture of parts - metals, their alloys, as well as non-metallic materials - polymers (plastics), rubber, wood, etc. From the right choice materials for components products depend on its quality, reliability, performance and cost. When assigning materials, the designer must take into account the conditions in which the product will operate: climate, working pressure, the presence of aggressive environments, and also strive for the minimum material consumption of the product.
The chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties of materials, their areas of application and symbols set standards.
The drawings of parts must indicate the designation of the material from which the part is made. The designation of a material is established by the standard or technical specifications under which the material is produced. The material designation is placed in the title block of the drawing and, in general, should contain the name of the material, brand and number of the standard or technical specifications, for example:
Steel 45 GOST 1050-88
If in symbol material includes the abbreviated name of this material “St”, “SCh”, “KCh”, “Br” and others, then the full names “Steel”, “Grey Cast Iron”, “Ductile Cast Iron”, “Bronze” and others are not indicated in the drawing , For example:
StZ GOST 380-88
SCH 10 GOST 1412-85
4.6 Basic requirements for drawings
GOST 2.109-73 establishes the basic requirements for the execution of drawings of parts, assembly, dimensional and installation drawings at the stage of development of working documentation.
The drawings use symbols (signs, lines, alphabetic and alphanumeric designations) established in state standards. Symbols are used without explaining them in the drawing and without indicating the standard number.
On the working drawing of the detail indicate dimensions, maximum deviations, surface roughness and other data that it must comply with before assembly. The dimensions, maximum deviations and surface roughness of product elements resulting from processing during or after assembly are indicated on the assembly drawing.
A separate drawing is made for each product. On each drawing, place the main inscription in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2.104-2006 and fill in its columns.
The mass of the product is indicated in kilograms without indicating the unit of measurement. In the title block of the drawing, the name of the product must correspond to the accepted terminology and be as short as possible. The name of the product is written in the nominative case singular. In a name consisting of several words, the noun is placed first, for example:
"Gear wheel"
The part drawing must contain a minimum number of images of views, sections and sections, made using conventions and simplifications according to ESKD standards, but sufficient to represent the shape of the part. All necessary dimensions must be shown on the drawing in a geometrically complete and technologically correct manner. Technical requirements in the drawing are placed above the main inscription and they must reflect textual information about the manufacture of the part that is not indicated graphically.
Unlike a sketch, a working drawing of parts is made using drawing tools on a certain scale or using computer technology.
The process of drawing a part consists of some stages that also take place during sketching:
Familiarization with the shape and dimensions of the part;
Selecting the main type and number of images;
Selecting the sheet format and scale of the part in the drawing;
Arrangement of images in the drawing;
Applying dimensions and other symbols;
Preparation of technical requirements and filling out the title block columns.
An example of a drawing of a typical “Shaft” part is shown in Figure 111a, b.
Figure 111a
Figure 111b
Assembly drawing
Assembly drawing developed based on a drawing general view and is included in the set of working design documentation and is intended directly for production.
The assembly drawing determines the connection of parts and assembly units into a finished finished product.
The assembly drawing must contain:
- image of an assembly unit, giving an idea of the location and mutual connection of the components connected according to this drawing, and providing the ability to assemble and control the assembly unit;
- dimensions, maximum deviations and other parameters and requirements that must be executed or controlled according to this assembly drawing;
- instructions on the nature of pairing and methods for its implementation;
- item numbers of components included in the product;
- overall dimensions of the product;
- installation, connecting and other necessary reference dimensions;
- technical requirements and technical characteristics products.
The assembly drawing should, as a rule, be made with simplifications that meet the requirements of the ESKD standards.
It is allowed not to show on the assembly drawing:
Chamfers, roundings, grooves, recesses, protrusions, knurls, notches, braids and other small elements;
Gaps between the rod and the hole.
In assembly drawings, the following methods of simplified depiction of product components are used:
The sections depict undissected components for which independent assembly drawings are drawn up;
Standard, purchased and other widely used products are depicted by external outlines, which, as a rule, should be simplified without depicting small protrusions, depressions, etc.
Bolts, screws, studs are depicted in a simplified manner;
Evenly spaced elements or parts that are identical in shape and size are not drawn, but only one element or one detail is depicted;
Covers, shields and casings may not be depicted if it is necessary to show the components of the product covered by them;
Transition lines are drawn in a simplified manner, replacing pattern curves with circular arcs or straight lines;
The extreme or intermediate positions of a part that moves during operation are, if necessary, shown with a dash-dot thin line with two dots, and only the contour outlines of the part are drawn (without details);
Products made from transparent material are depicted as opaque (in some cases, it is allowed to depict visible details such as scales, dials, instrument hands, etc., located behind a transparent object);
The products located behind the helical spring, depicted only by the sections of the coils, are depicted up to the zone that conventionally covers these products and is defined by the axial lines of the sections of the coils.
In the assembly drawing, all components of the assembly unit are numbered in accordance with the item numbers specified in the specification of this assembly unit. Item numbers are placed on the shelves of leader lines drawn from the images of the component parts.
Position numbers indicate those images in which the corresponding component parts are projected as visible, usually in the main views. Position numbers are placed parallel to the main inscription of the drawing outside the outline of the image and grouped into a column or line, if possible on the same line. Position numbers are usually written on the drawing once. It is allowed to repeatedly indicate item numbers of identical parts.
The font size of item numbers should be one or two numbers larger than the font size adopted for the dimensional numbers on the same drawing. It is allowed to make a general leader line with a vertical arrangement of position numbers (see Figure 112).
Figure 112
Specification- a text document defining the composition of the product. Performed on A4 sheets for each assembly. GOST 2.108-68 establishes the form and procedure for filling out product specification columns (see Figure 113).
The specification is necessary for manufacturing, completing design documents and planning the launch of the specified products. The specification, in general, consists of sections, which are arranged in the following sequence: documentation, complexes, assembly units, parts, standard products, other products, materials, kits. The presence of certain sections is determined by the composition of the specified product. The name of each section is indicated as a heading in the “Name” column and underlined.
One free line is left before and after the name of each section. After each section, you should leave a few free lines for additional entries.
Figure 113
To the "Documentation" section submit documents that make up the main set of design documents for the product being specified.
In the sections “Complexes”, “Assembly units” and “Parts” They introduce complexes, assembly units and parts that are directly included in the specified product. It is recommended to record these products in alphabetical order combinations of letters of codes of development organizations. Within these codes - in ascending order of classification characteristics, with the same classification characteristics - in ascending order of the serial registration number.
In the "Standard Products" section record products used according to state and industry standards. Within each category of standards, it is recommended to record by groups of products, combined according to their functional purpose, within each group - in alphabetical order of product names, within each name - in ascending order of standard designations, and within each standard designation - in ascending order main parameters or dimensions of the product.
To the section "Other products" bring in products used according to technical specifications. Products are recorded in homogeneous groups; within each group - in alphabetical order the names of the products; and within each name - in ascending order of the main parameters or dimensions of the product.
To the "Materials" section enter all materials directly included in the specified product by type, within each type - in alphabetical order of names, and within each name - in ascending order of size or other parameters.
The “Materials” section does not record materials, the required quantity of which cannot be determined by the designer based on the dimensions of the product elements and, as a result, is installed by the technologist. Such materials include, for example, varnishes, paints, adhesives, lubricants, putties, solders, electrodes. An indication of the use of such materials is given in the technical requirements on the drawing field.
To the "Kits" section » enter a list of operational documents, a list of documents for repairs and kits used according to design documents, which are directly included in the specified product, as well as packaging intended for the product.
The specification columns are filled in as follows:
- in the "Format" column indicate the document formats, the designations of which are written in the “Designation” column. For documents recorded in the sections “Standard products”, “Other products”, “Materials”, the column is not filled in;
- in the column "Pos." indicate the serial numbers of the components directly included in the product being specified, in the sequence in which they are recorded in the specification. For sections “Documentation” and “Kits” the column is not filled in;
- in the “Designation” column indicate:
a) in the “Documentation” section - designation of the documents being recorded;
b) in the section “Complexes”, “Assembly units”, “Parts” and “Kits” - designations of the main design documents for the products recorded in these sections. In the sections “Standard products”, “Other products” and “Materials” the column is not filled in;
- in the “Name” column indicate:
a) in the “Documentation” section for documents included in the main set of documents for the specified product - only the name of the document, for example: “Assembly drawing”. “Dimensional drawing”, “Technical conditions”;
b) in the sections “Complexes”, “Assembly units”, “Parts”, “Kits” - the name of the products in accordance with the main inscription on the main design documents of these products;
c) in the section “Standard Products” - names and designations of products in accordance with the standards for these products;
d) in the “Other Products” section - names and symbols of products in accordance with the documents for their supply, indicating the designations of these documents;
e) in the “Materials” section - designations of materials established in standards or technical conditions for these materials.
To record a number of products and materials that differ in size and other data and are used according to the same document (and are recorded in the specification under the designation of the same document), it is allowed to write one common part of the name of these products or materials with the designation of the specified document on each sheet of the specification times in the form of a general name (heading). Under the general name, only their parameters and dimensions are recorded for each of the specified products and materials;
- in the column “Quantity.” indicate:
a) in the “Materials” section - the total quantity of materials for one specified product, indicating the units of measurement;
b) in the “Documentation” section the column is not filled in;
c) in all other sections - the quantity of each product recorded in the specification for one specified product.
An example of filling out the specification columns for the assembly drawing “Hydraulic Clamp” is shown in Figure 112.
Markings used to indicate Various types, allows you to obtain information not only about the chemical composition of the alloy, but also about the basic properties that it possesses. Rules for forming a designation consisting of letters and digital characters, are regulated by the provisions of both domestic and international regulatory documents.
Rules for marking steel alloys in different countries of the world
Steel of various grades, which is widely represented in modern market, produced in many countries around the world. In this regard, the issue of adopting international rules by which it is designated is relevant. However, unfortunately, there are no uniform rules for the designation of steels to this day, which often causes serious difficulties both in the sale of such alloys on the international market and in their use in industry.
Some countries (we are talking primarily about the largest steel producers) have adopted their own regulatory documents according to which marking is carried out. For a consumer from another region to choose the right steel, it is necessary to compare its markings with the designations adopted in his country.
In European countries, steel is produced and designated according to the provisions of the EN 100 27 standard, which consists of two parts. The first of these parts stipulates the principle by which steel alloys are assigned certain names, and the second - the principle of assigning numerical designations to steel.
In Russia, as in many CIS countries, the principle is used, borrowed from the old Soviet GOSTs. In accordance with this principle, steel markings are formed from alphabetic and numeric symbols. The numbers indicate the content of certain chemical elements in the alloy, and the letters are the encoded names of these elements, as well as the methods by which it was performed.
In the USA, which is the largest steel producer, several steel designation systems are used - SAE, AJS, AMS, ASTM, ANSI, ASME, AWS and ACJ. The most common of them, due to greater unification, is ANSI.
A rather complex labeling system is used in Japan. So, in accordance with this system, all steel alloys are divided into separate groups, each of which is designated by a specific letter. Within each of these groups, they are divided into subgroups, marked with the help of numbers, by which it is possible to determine chemical composition alloy, as well as obtain information about its properties.
Naturally, all of the listed systems are used for marking both ordinary and stainless steels.
Principles of designation of stainless steels in Russia and CIS countries
Stainless steels in Russia and the CIS countries, as mentioned above, are marked using a combination of alphabetic and digital symbols. In this case, the former indicate what chemical elements are contained in the steel, as well as the methods of its smelting, and from the numbers one can determine the quantitative content of the elements listed in the designation of stainless steel.
All letter designations of chemical elements used in marking stainless steels are unified and can be used unambiguously.
Thus, the standard, the basis of which was the Soviet GOST, stipulates the following letter designations of chemical elements:
- C – silicon, which is introduced into the composition of stainless steel so that a layer of scale does not form on the surface of products made from it after heat treatment;
- Yu - aluminum, with the help of which they achieve stabilization of the structure of stainless steel, and also reduce the risk of the formation of foreign inclusions in the structure of the alloy, which can occur at the moment when products made from it come into contact with boiling liquids;
- X – chromium, which is the main alloying element of all stainless steel alloys and gives them exceptional corrosion resistance, for which they are valued;
- M – molybdenum, which imparts stability to the structure of stainless steels during their interaction with aggressive gas environments;
- E – selenium, which provides stainless steel products with the required parameters electrical resistance;
- P – boron, which increases the corrosion resistance of steels when exposed to chemical environments and high temperatures;
- K – cobalt, used to stabilize the carbon contained in steel;
- P – phosphorus, used in steel as a corrosion passivator;
- B – niobium, which is introduced into the composition of stainless steel in order to activate the ferritic processes occurring in the crystals internal structure metal;
- F – vanadium, added to stainless steel to increase its ductility.
Naturally, this is not the entire list of chemical elements that may be contained in stainless steel. Like any other steel, a stainless alloy necessarily contains carbon (the letter “U” in the marking), which not only gives it the required strength characteristics, but also increases its resistance to oxidative processes. To give stainless steel good malleability and increase its resistance to impact high temperatures, nickel is added to it, which is designated by the letter “N” in the alloy markings.
Despite the fact that stainless steels are already highly corrosion resistant, the degree of such protection can be increased by adding copper to their composition, designated in the marking by the letter “D”. In addition to the listed elements, stainless steels may contain manganese (letter “G”), titanium (“T”), zirconium (“C”) and tungsten (“B”).
What do the numbers on the label indicate?
The numbers present in the markings allow you to find out the number of elements contained in stainless steel. When understanding the marking of such an alloy, it should be borne in mind that the very first numbers before the letter designation indicate the carbon content in tenths of a percent. For example, stainless steel grade 12Х18Н10Т contains 0.12% carbon.
Behind each letter in the alloy marking, as can be seen from the example given, there is also a number that indicates the content of a certain chemical element, but in whole percentages. Thus, the alloy considered as an example, in accordance with its marking, contains the following chemical elements:
- chromium – 18%;
- nickel – 10%;
- titanium - up to 1.5% (since there are no numbers after the letter designation of this element).
Symbols of some materials are shown in section and in the facade, but concrete (see points 8 and 9, table 4) and wood (point 13) are shown only in section. If in the drawing it is necessary to depict concrete in the facade, the designation established for plaster is used (clause 20, table 4), and if both concrete and plaster are shown in the facade and, in addition, it is necessary to distinguish between their surfaces, then the designations are accompanied by explanatory inscriptions . To depict wooden elements in the facade, the same designation is used as for the section (clause 13), but with thinner and sparser lines.
In paragraph 14, table. Figure 4 shows conventional graphic symbols in the facade of wooden fillies, bosses and plugs. To depict them in cross-section, the designations adopted for wood in cross-section are used, respectively along and across the fibers (clause 13).
In some cases, to make construction drawings more clear, the drawings are washed (illuminated) with watercolors. Building materials depicted in sections are usually painted in the following colors: brickwork existing with carmine, projected with bright red cinnabar or red lead; concrete and reinforced concrete - neutral with gum and azure (background), cutting - cinnabar; metals - light blue azure; the ground is outlined in sepia; sand - red lead. The paint solution should be made weak. If it is necessary to enhance the tone, it is applied several times. Washing rules are described in detail in the guidelines for performing graphic work“Image of a building in axonometric projection” (see task 1).
Designations of building materials
The materials used in construction are very diverse. Some of the symbols established by GOST 11633-65 are shown in table. 4. Symbols of other materials not provided for by GOST 11633-65 must be explained in the drawings.
Explanatory inscriptions are also necessary in cases where it is necessary to clarify the type of material depicted (Table 4): for example, backfill (clause 3), liquid (clause 2), clinker, ceramics, terracotta and other artificial or natural stones (clause 6), refractory bricks (item 7). Explanatory notes are also applied in the case of use different types concrete or structures made from it (prefabricated, monolithic, prestressed, etc., clause 9), wood (clause 13), plastic (clause 15), metal (clause 10), glass (clause 21) and other materials (paragraphs 16-20).
Symbols for materials on construction drawings are not always shown; for example, they are marked on the drawings building structures made from different building materials. If structures made of a homogeneous material are depicted, walls made of large-sized elements (panels or blocks) and in other cases that do not require identification of the material, the symbols of building materials are not used.
On drawings made on a small scale, as well as in cases where it is impossible to apply symbols of the material due to the small size of the drawing field being divided, it is allowed to designate the material with the same (uniform) hatching at an angle of 45° or continuous filling with ink (shading with a pencil).
Usually shaded different kinds masonry and elements of wooden structures, and elements made of concrete, reinforced concrete, metal, plastic, asphalt and rubber are filled in with ink (shaded). In the latter case, narrow gaps are left between adjacent filled areas. If necessary, shading or filling is accompanied by explanatory notes.
Show with legend Construction Materials on facades it is recommended not entirely, but in separate sections located in several places near the contour line. In sections with a large surface area, it is also customary to depict materials along the perimeter of the field being divided in a narrow strip of the same width or in separate sections within the corresponding field. At the contour of the surface, markings done by hand should be applied thicker, and gradually thinned out towards the middle.
Hatching, performed using drawing tools, is carried out in parallel lines, which are drawn at an angle of 45° to the contour or center line taken as the main line in this image, or to the main inscription (stamp) of the drawing.
If the lines in the hatching coincide in direction with the contour lines or center lines, the hatching can be done at an angle of 30 or 60°.
Hatching with straight lines, including that which is part of the designation done by hand (for example, reinforced concrete), must be the same over the entire cross-sectional area.
The distance between the hatching lines depends on the material being designated (metals are hatched with frequent lines, brickwork or reinforced concrete - with sparse lines), as well as on the scale of the drawing. The larger the scale, the sparser the shading. However, it must be the same to indicate the same material both in one drawing and in all drawings of the same element, made to the same scale.
Adjacent elements made of the same material are hatched with lines in different directions or so that these lines are shifted relative to each other.
In the event that the same drawing depicts different materials with the same conventional graphic designation in section, for example brick, clinker, terracotta and natural stones of regular shape or several types of metals, these materials should be distinguished by shading of different frequency lines .
In mechanical engineering and construction, a large number of various materials. To give clarity to the drawings, conventional graphic symbols of materials have been introduced in sections and sections, and in some cases, in views (facades). Often, shading in sections and sections is performed in the form of parallel straight lines drawn at angles of 45° to the lines of the drawing frame. The slope of the lines can be taken either to the right or to the left, but for all cuts and sections relating to the same part - in the same direction. If the hatch lines coincide in direction with the contour lines or center lines, then instead of an angle of 45°, angles of 30 or 60° are allowed (Fig. 285).
Rice. 285. Example of deviation from general rule when shading
TBegin:http://site/uploads/posts/2010-09/1285135566_symbols-materials.jpg|--> 
TEnd-->
Rice. 286. Graphic symbols of materials
As already indicated, the distances between hatching lines are taken in the range from 2 to 10 mm, depending on the size of the hatching area and the material. Symbols of materials according to GOST 2.306-68 are shown in Fig. 286, where
- rn
- - metals and hard alloys; rn
- - non-metallic materials, including fibrous and slab (pressed), with the exception of those indicated below; rn
- - wood across the grain; rn
- - wood along the grain; rn
- - plywood; rn
- - xylolite, particle boards, wood fiber boards, etc.; rn
- - unreinforced concrete; rn
- - reinforced concrete; rn
- - masonry of building and special bricks, clinker, ceramics, terracotta, artificial and natural stones of any shape, etc.; rn
- - glass and other transparent materials; rn
- - liquids; rn
- - soil; rn
- - clay (as a structural material); rn
- - sand, asbestos cement, gypsum products, stucco, putty, plaster, mortar, abrasive, etc.; rn
- - backfill; rn
- - fibrous non-monolithic materials (wool, glass wool, felt, etc.); rn
- - grids; rn
- - images of products (for example, stamped, rolled, etc.) having narrow and long cross-sectional areas, the width of which in the drawing ranges from 2 to 4 mm; It is recommended to completely hatch such sections only at the ends and at the contours of the holes; the remaining cross-sectional area is shaded in small areas in several places; the shading is applied by hand; rn
- - different materials depending on the width of the area< 2 мм. rn
For metals and most non-metallic materials, the distances between hatch lines should be the same. For reinforced concrete and masonry, these distances should be approximately twice as large. For wood, plywood, unreinforced concrete, glass, clay, sand, fill and fibrous materials, the symbol lines must be drawn by hand; The symbol for reinforced concrete is partially drawn by hand.