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Giardia medicine treatment. Treatment of giardiasis in adults with medications. Detailed treatment regimens and dosage of drugs. Drugs for the treatment of giardiasis

Helminths have a powerful toxic effect on the human body and can lead to the most serious and adverse consequences. Therefore, giardiasis in adults and children requires immediate treatment.

Main stages of treatment

It takes quite a long time to treat Giardia in adults. The duration of each treatment stage differs in each specific case and depends on the individual characteristics of the organism, the form and severity of the disease. One stage of treatment can last from 2 to 4 weeks, after which it is allowed to proceed to further therapy.

First stage of treatment

Giardiasis can be treated only after the preparatory stage is completed. Its essence lies in eliminating the consequences of intoxication of the body, taking certain choleretic and anthelmintic medications. The most important element of the first stage is adherence to a special diet aimed at preventing the proliferation of Giardia.

When treating giardiasis in children and adults, it is necessary to strictly limit the consumption of carbohydrates and sugar, focusing on proteins and fiber. Any products that put a strain on the digestive system are strictly prohibited.

We must completely abandon following products:

  • Wheat bread, pastries.
  • Cakes, pastries and other confectionery products.
  • Pasta.
  • Milk.
  • Animal fat.
  • Fatty meats and fish.
  • Sausages, sausages.
  • Canned food, marinades, smoked meats.
  • Beans, peas and other legumes.

The menu should be based on products such as oatmeal, buckwheat, pearl barley or rice, dairy products (especially kefir and cottage cheese), sour varieties of fruits and vegetables, herbs, lean meats and fish.

The patient should be provided with plenty of fluids - lingonberry, cranberry compotes or fruit drinks, unsweetened tea with lemon, non-carbonated mineral water, freshly squeezed carrot, apple, beet juice.

In order to treat giardiasis in children at the preparatory stage, medications designed to remove toxic substances from the body. Such medications include Enterosgel, Polysorb, Polyphepan.

The second stage of the treatment process consists of taking medications, which will be selected by the attending physician depending on the characteristics of the disease and its severity.

How to treat giardiasis in children and adults? For this, various anthelmintic drugs are used:

  • McMiror,
  • Nemozol,
  • Metronidazole,
  • Albendazole,
  • Tinidazole,
  • Tibera,
  • Furazolidone,
  • Ornidazole,
  • Phasizim.

These medications have their own application and contraindications.

Metronidazole is one of the most effective and common drugs that helps treat giardiasis in adults and children. Characterized by a minimal number of side effects. The duration of the treatment course varies from 7 to 14 days.

Albendazole is distinguished by its ability to suppress the vital processes of helminths, as a result of which they die. Used to treat giardiasis in adults and children under 6 years of age.

Tinidazole is a medicine for quickly getting rid of Giardia. The recommended dosage is 3-4 tablets every 24 hours, the duration of therapy is no more than 3 days.

Tiberal is one of the most effective remedies, which is prescribed 3 tablets per day. Is different high level side effects in the form of severe headaches, nausea, sleep disorders. Use only as prescribed by a doctor.

Furazolidone - today the drug is used quite rarely, as it can cause many side effects such as nausea, digestive disorders, and allergic skin rashes.

The features of the final stage are to normalize the patient’s condition and prevent a possible relapse. The patient is prescribed immunomodulatory drugs that increase the level of the body's defenses. It is also recommended to take multivitamin complexes to strengthen the body.

In order to restore the body after giardiasis in adults and children, probiotics are additionally prescribed to normalize the intestinal microflora - Bifiform or Linex. And do not forget that a special diet must be followed throughout all stages of treatment.

Treatment of giardiasis in children

It is recommended to treat Giardia in children according to a similar scheme, in three stages. You can prepare the child’s body for further therapy with the help of dietary nutrition, avoiding baked goods, sweets, fatty, fried, spicy and pickled foods. Vegetable and dairy foods should predominate in the children's menu.

Giardia in a child can be cured with the help of medications from the homeopathic group - Tiberal, Metronidazole, Lycopodium, Chelidonium are most often prescribed.

Children under the age of 6 years are allowed to take pharmacological drugs such as Pirantel, Vermox, Tanaxol. They can be available in the form of tablets or suspension. The duration of treatment is 3–5 days, the dosage is determined by the attending physician depending on the age and condition of the child.

Thanks to its “burning” properties, garlic effectively fights helminths

Folk remedies against lamblia

Supplement effectively drug treatment Giardiasis at home can be done using various recipes alternative medicine. Treatment with folk remedies allows you to accelerate the destruction of helminths, restore the functioning of the intestines and other internal organs, remove toxins from the body.

Large beets and horseradish must be crushed using a grater, after which 2 tablespoons of the resulting mass should be poured with sunflower oil and left to infuse for 2–4 hours. The finished medicine should be taken one tablespoon before each meal.

Horseradish is a component of many recipes against helminthiasis in children and adults. Three root vegetables need to be grated without peeling, after which the resulting mass is poured with 1 liter of cool water. The mixture should be infused in a cool place away from sunlight, tightly sealed, for 3 days, after which the water should be drained, and the same amount of linden or flower honey should be added to the resulting horseradish pulp. The medicine should infuse for another 3 days; the finished product is taken a tablespoon before meals.

To 50 g of natural honey you need to add 4 drops essential oil bergamot, mix thoroughly and consume every morning, before breakfast.

One of the most effective folk remedies for giardiasis in children and adults is milk with garlic. To prepare it, a large head of garlic should be passed through a press and the garlic mass should be poured into a glass of milk. The drink should be drunk in one gulp; it is best to take it in the evening, before bed.

You can prepare another effective remedy with garlic at home. For this purpose, you need to pour 200 ml of vodka into a dark glass container and add 2 tablespoons of pre-chopped garlic cloves. The vessel should be placed in a dark and cool place for 7 days. Ready-made garlic tincture is taken 25 drops three times a day, 30 minutes before meals.

Pumpkin medicine is excellent for treating helminths at home. It is prepared as follows: grind a glass of pumpkin seeds along with the husks to a powder-like state, then add 2 tablespoons of natural honey and clean water. The product should be taken in the morning, 5-6 teaspoons over an hour, then take a laxative or do a cleansing enema.

Get rid of helminths quickly various types You can use oat infusion. It is recommended to pour a glass of unpeeled oats with 5 glasses of boiling water. The mixture should be placed on low heat and simmered until the liquid has evaporated by about a quarter. The healing agent should be consumed in a glass 3-4 times a day. Pour a tablespoon of tansy into a bowl with 250 ml of water, put on low heat and bring to a boil. It is recommended to drink the product in small sips throughout the day.

Many herbalists advise using it for the treatment of giardiasis in patients. of different ages corn silk. Pour 30–40 g of corn silk with a cup of boiling water, cover tightly and leave to steep for 2–3 hours. The medicine is taken one tablespoon three times a day.

Rowan berries are not only extremely tasty, but also extremely useful - especially in the case of helminthiasis. To prepare a folk remedy, pour 250 ml of rowan berries into a tablespoon hot water, then cover and leave to steep for an hour. It is recommended to take ½ cup of the finished rowan remedy twice a day.

A popular and effective remedy for the treatment of giardiasis in adult patients can be prepared as follows - combine ½ glass of birch and freshly squeezed beet juice, add the same amount of cognac to the mixture. The product must be tightly sealed and left in a dark place, the duration of infusion is 3 days. After this, the folk remedy is taken ½ glass 3-4 times a day.

Updated: 04/04/2019 16:59:44

Expert: Boris Kaganovich


*Review of the best sites according to the editors. About the selection criteria. This material is subjective in nature, does not constitute advertising and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.

When treating Giardia, drugs from 3 main pharmacological groups are used:

  1. Antiprotozoal agents, derivatives of 5-nitroimidazole (Tiberal, Tinidazole). Previously, infectious disease specialists practiced prescribing drugs based on metronidazole (Trichopol). But in Lately Giardia began to show resistance to them, so they lost their relevance.
  2. Antimicrobials, nitrofuran derivatives (McMirror). Furazolidone from this group was previously often used, but Giardia began to develop resistance to it, and it also causes many side effects. It has been abandoned recently.
  3. Anthelmintic and antiprotozoal agents, benzimidazole carbamate derivatives (Nemozol, Gelmodol-VM).

An experienced infectious disease specialist can easily select the optimal medicine for each of his patients. When choosing, experts often give preference to drugs with a minimum number of possible side effects, but at the same time with high antiprotozoal activity. Our experts conducted a study and ranked the best tablets for Giardia according to doctors and patients whom they helped.

Rating of the best tablets for Giardia

The best tablets for lamblia

Along with Giardia, the patient may have a number of concomitant diseases, so treatment must be selected individually. This should be done by a doctor. But within the framework of the pharmacological group he has chosen, the patient can take into account reviews of certain tablets in order to give preference to the best.

McMirror

The first place in the ranking of the best tablets for Giardia is taken by the Italian Macmiror. Its active ingredient, nifuratel, belongs to the group of nitrofuran derivatives. Macmiror has a triple effect (antiprotozoal, antifungal and antibacterial). It has high efficiency and low toxicity.

Macmiror is used to treat various age groups. Take pills after meals. Adults - 2 tablets 2-3 times a day for 7 days. The dose for children is calculated based on body weight (15 mg/kg) and is taken 2 times a day for a week. After oral administration, the active substance is quickly absorbed from the digestive tract. It is completely excreted from the body by the kidneys.

Since giardiasis is more often encountered by young patients, reviews of the medicine are mainly left by parents. They note that Macmiror tablets are effective and easy to use (small and quite easy to divide if necessary). The medicine has a gentle effect on the body and practically does not cause side effects. If you adhere to the treatment regimen prescribed by the infectious disease specialist, the control test for the presence of Giardia will be negative.

Tiberal

Turkish Tiberal is in second place in the ranking. Its active ingredient is ornidazole (a derivative of 5-nitroimidazole), which disrupts the DNA structure of Giardia, preventing their further reproduction. Tiberal has high antimicrobial activity and is slowly eliminated from the body, therefore, for protozoal infections, a loading dose is used once or for a maximum of 2 days in a row.

Adults and children weighing more than 35 kg take Tiberal 3 tablets once before bedtime. For babies whose body weight has not reached 35 kg, dosages are selected individually (40 mg/kg) and taken once a day. The treatment course is minimal - 1-2 days. Tiberal's rating is enhanced not only by its convenient administration regimen, but also by its low toxicity and good tolerability by patients.

In reviews, patients note that the sensation of a metallic taste when taking it is less pronounced than when using drugs based on metronidazole (a representative of this group of the old generation). The occurrence of side effects is also minimized. In the fight against Giardia, this is one of the most strong drugs, which allows you to achieve results with a short course of application.

Tinidazole-Acree

The Russian Tinidazole-Acri took third place in the ranking. It contains the active substance of the same name, which belongs to the same group as ornidazole. The mechanism of its action is due to inhibition of synthesis and damage to the DNA structure of pathogens. Tinidazole-Acri is rapidly absorbed, and its bioavailability is 100%, so the antiprotozoal effect occurs quickly.

Each tablet contains 500 mg of active ingredient. To get rid of Giardia, adults are prescribed 4 tablets (2 g of tinidazole) once. Children over 12 years old are calculated by body weight (50-75 mg/kg) and also take a single dose. Take pills before bed after a heavy dinner. The medicine causes dark coloration of urine.

Patients in the reviews note that they are satisfied with the price of Tinidazole-Acri and the effective fight against Giardia after a single use. But some of them complain of a bitter taste in the mouth and increased thirst. Since these sensations disappear the next day, taking into account the effectiveness, this drawback of the drug is forgiven.

Advantages

  • 100% bioavailability of the active substance;
  • single dose;
  • effectively fights Giardia;
  • price.

Flaws

  • children can only be treated from 12 years of age;
  • dryness and unpleasant taste in the mouth.

Nemozol

Fourth place in the ranking is occupied by Indian Nemozol. It contains albendazole, an anthelmintic and antiprotozoal agent. Nemozol is available in film-coated or chewable tablets. It should absolutely not be taken by pregnant or breastfeeding women, so before treating women of childbearing age with Nemozol, it is important to make sure there is no pregnancy.

Take the tablets with meals. Eating fatty foods increases absorption and maximum concentration of the active substance by 5 times. The tablet (400 mg) is chewed or washed down with water (depending on the chosen form) once a day for 3 days. For babies, Nemozol is prescribed at a rate of 10-15 mg/kg. The medicine is taken once a day, 5-7 days in a row.

Advantages

  • wide spectrum of action;
  • convenient way to use;
  • suitable for children from 2 years old;
  • Sold in 1 tablet.

Flaws

  • should not be taken by pregnant women (teratogenic);
  • a large list of possible side effects.

Gelmodol-VM

The last place in the ranking is given to the drug Gelmodol-VM, which is produced in Egypt. It also belongs to the anthelmintic and antiprotozoal drugs containing albendazole. Each package contains 2 tablets of 200 mg each. The active substance has a teratogenic effect, therefore Gelmodol-VM is strictly contraindicated for pregnant women. Children are given it from the age of 3.

It is recommended that adults take the drug for Giardia 400 mg (2 tablets) once a day for 3-5 days. Children are given 1 tablet (200 mg) once a day for 5-7 days. Gelmodol-VM is taken orally immediately after the main meal. The tablets are small, film-coated. Swallowing them is not problematic even for a child.

Infectious disease specialists in their reviews praise Gelmodol-VM for its wide spectrum of action. But benzimidazole derivatives cannot be called drugs that are gentle on the body, so in terms of safety they are inferior to McMiror or Tiberal. However, in the fight against Giardia they are no less effective, so they deserve to be in the ranking of the best.

Advantages

  • high antiprotozoal activity;
  • small tablets that are easy to swallow;
  • Sold in 2 tablets.

Flaws

  • not for children under 3 years of age;
  • negatively affects the fetus during pregnancy;
  • quite often provokes dysbacteriosis.

Attention! This rating is subjective in nature, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.

(cysts, or vegetative forms, or antigens in stool) is an indication for compulsory treatment, even if nothing bothers the person. However, self-medication is not recommended because most drugs have serious side effects.

If giardiasis in a patient is manifested by severe gastrointestinal disorders, then proceed immediately to destruction (scientifically - eradication) Giardia is undesirable, since due to the simultaneous death of many Giardia, it can intoxication will increase and the symptoms of giardiasis worsen. In case of severe giardiasis, it is recommended to carry out treatment in 3 stages:

  1. preparatory(goals: reduce the number of Giardia in the body, normalize the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract),
  2. destruction Giardia (consists of 2 courses of different drugs with a break of 1 week),
  3. final(goals: restore gastrointestinal functions, cure dysbiosis, normalize immunity).

If the identified Giardia in a patient does not cause clinical gastrointestinal symptoms, you can proceed directly to the stage of destroying Giardia (bypassing the preparatory stage).

Stage No. 1. Preparatory

The stronger the intoxication and the severity of the gastrointestinal symptoms, the longer the preparatory stage should last - from several days to 1 month.

Diet

Principles of nutrition for giardiasis:

  • carbohydrate restriction (sugars and lactose, which is contained in fresh milk), since carbohydrates are a nutrient medium for Giardia,
  • abundance of protein(proteins inhibit the growth of lamblia),
  • Sour juices and berries, fermented milk products (excluding fresh milk) are recommended, because an acidic environment inhibits the growth of Giardia,
  • nutrition fractional (5-6 times a day), there should be no intervals of more than 4 hours between meals. Frequent meals promote bile secretion, and bile has a detrimental effect on Giardia,
  • the diet should contain an increased amount dietary fiber(norm per day for an adult 20-30 g), this can be achieved by adding to food bran.

Used table No. 5 according to Pevzner(intended for the treatment of liver and biliary tract diseases), however, it is modified by limiting the amount of carbohydrates and lactose.

  • porridge(buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, etc.),
  • low-fat varieties meat and fish,
  • low-fat soups with vegetable oil,
  • whole grain bread or with added bran,
  • fermented milk products (kefir, yogurt, acidophilus milk),
  • vegetables, fruits, herbs,
  • from sweets - honey, marshmallow, marmalade.

Excluded Products:

  • refractory fats (lard, margarine),
  • fat meat,
  • fatty fish,
  • strong broths,
  • legumes (peas, beans, beans),
  • eggs (no more than 1 per day is allowed as part of meals),
  • sweets (chocolate, candy, cakes, pastries, ice cream, carbonated drinks),
  • spicy seasonings,
  • mushrooms,
  • smoked meats

Drugs

Most often used at the preparatory stage enterosorbents:

  • (diosmectite, dioctite, neosmectin),
  • enterosgel.

Smecta It is of natural origin (made from shell rock), absorbs and removes toxins, pathogenic bacteria, excess bile acids and hydrochloric acid from the body. At the same time, smecta creates favorable conditions for beneficial bacteria, helping to get rid of dysbiosis. Smecta lines the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines, providing a cytoprotective effect (protects the mucous membrane from adverse effects). It does not directly affect Giardia, but reduces their number in the intestines. Smecta is not absorbed and is allowed at any age (even newborns, during pregnancy and lactation).

Smecta sachets.

In case of constipation, it is prescribed lactulose (Duphalac, Normaze), which is allowed for pregnant women and lactation.

As prescribed by a gastroenterologist (therapist), after clarifying the nature of the bile excretion disorder (before and after a trial breakfast), the following may be recommended:

1) with reduced function gallbladder (leading symptom - prolonged pain in the right hypochondrium):

  • a diet with a sufficient content of vegetable fats (up to 80 g per day),
  • prokinetics: domperidone(5-10 mg 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals),
  • cholecystokinetics: solution magnesium sulfate 10-25% (1-2 tablespoons 3 times a day), solution sorbitol or xylitol 10% (50 ml 2 times a day);

2) with dysfunction (spasm) of the sphincter of Oddi(located in the wall of the duodenum and regulates the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the intestine; the leading symptom is paroxysmal pain in the right hypochondrium or epigastrium lasting more than 20 minutes for 3 months or more):

  • low-fat diet (40 g per day vegetable fats),
  • restriction of choleretic drugs,
  • selective antispasmodic: hymecromon [odeston](200-400 mg 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals),
  • or non-selective antispasmodics: mebeverine (duspatalin), drotaverine (no-spa), trimebutine (trimedat).

The gastroenterologist may also prescribe:

  • according to the results of the coprogram - enzymatic drugs ( Pancreatin, Festal, Mezim-Forte, Creon),
  • with long-term giardiasis and liver damage from toxins ( increased level enzymes ALT, AST, etc. in biochemical blood analysis) - hepatoprotectors (gepabene, legalon, karsil, LIV-52).

Stage No. 2. Destruction of Giardia

If the family has Small child with giardiasis, usually everyone is infected family members.

Used to treat giardiasis drugs of 3 groups:

  1. nitroimidazole groups: ornidazole, tinidazole. The previously widely used metronidazole is no longer recommended for use due to the high risk of Giardia resistance;
  2. nitrofuranic groups: . The previously used furazolidone is no longer used due to the high resistance of Giardia and frequent (40%) adverse reactions to the drug;
  3. benzimidazole groups: albendazole.

IN complex treatment Giardiasis drug may be added Enterol(fungi Saccharomyces boulardii), which also has some anti-giardiasis effect.

Ornidazole

Trade names: Tiberal, Dazolic, Gairo, Ornisid, Ornidazole-Vero.
Available in film-coated tablets of 500 mg.

The effectiveness of ornidazole is about 90%.

Treatment regimens Ornidazole for giardiasis:

  • 1st scheme ( once): adults and children weighing over 35 kg are prescribed 3 tablets (1.5 g) once at night, children up to 35 kg - at the rate of 30-40 mg/kg (crushed form).
  • 2nd scheme (treatment within 36 hours): adults 1 tablet. every 12 hours 3 times.

Frequency side effects when taking ornidazole - about 15%. Most often there are:

  • dizziness, headache, drowsiness, rarely convulsions.
  • dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (nausea), perversion of taste, changes in the activity of liver enzymes (ALAT, AST),
  • Allergic reactions and hematopoietic disorders are possible (with long-term use).

Cannot be taken during pregnancy. During lactation, you need to stop breastfeeding.

Tinidazole

Available in film-coated tablets of 500 mg.

According to its properties Tinidazole is similar to Ornidazole and has similar side effects. Contraindicated in children under 12 years of age. The effectiveness of tinidazole is about 77%.

Treatment regimen Tinidazole for giardiasis:

  • adults are prescribed 2 g of tinidazole (4 tablets of 500 mg each) once,
  • Children over 12 years of age are prescribed at a rate of 50–75 mg/kg body weight once.

Nifuratel

Trade names: McMiror.
Available in film-coated tablets of 200 mg.

Macmiror is highly active and, perhaps, the best drug today for the treatment of giardiasis for several reasons:

  • excreted by the kidneys (does not affect the liver) and therefore gives minimum of adverse reactions- only in 2% of patients,
  • also acts on intestinal bacterial infections ( salmonellosis, shigellosis and etc.),
  • effective against bacteria Helicobacter pylori and fungi of the genus Candida, which are frequent companions of Giardia.

Treatment regimen nifuratel:

  • adults are prescribed 2 tablets (400 mg) 2-3 times a day for 7 days,
  • Children over 2 months are prescribed 15 mg/kg body weight (not more than 400 mg) 2 times a day for 7 days.

Side effects Macmiroras are rare:

  • nausea, bitterness in the mouth;
  • allergic reactions (skin rash, itching).

Nifuratel is able to penetrate the placenta and into breast milk, therefore not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.

Albendazole (albendazole)

Trade names: nemozol, gelmodol, aldazole, sanoxal.
Available in tablets (chewable or coated) of 400 mg (1 or 3 tablets per package) and in the form of an oral suspension of 20 ml (100 mg/5 ml).

Albendazole is notable in that it universal anthelmintic drug(against worms), which acts on all stages of helminth development (eggs, larvae, adults). Albendazole inhibits the uptake of glucose by helminths. A course of albendazole for giardiasis will also have a therapeutic effect in enterobiasis (pinworms), ascariasis, hookworm, necatoriasis, strongyloidiasis, taeniasis (pork tapeworm) and hymenolepiasis (dwarf tapeworm).

Treatment regimen albendazole for giardiasis:

  • adults: 1 tablet (400 mg) 1 time per day for 3 days (according to the instructions for the drug) to 5-7 days (according to recommendations in the literature). Thus, the average recommended course duration is 5 days. If the drug is poorly tolerated, it is permissible to limit it to 3-4 days. Taken orally after meals. The coated tablets are swallowed whole with water.
  • children over 2 years of age are prescribed at a rate of 10 mg/kg (according to instructions) or 15 mg/kg (according to the literature, but not more than 400 mg) once a day in the form of a suspension after meals. The course of treatment is 4-5 days.

Side effects albendazole:

  • abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, increased levels of liver enzymes (ALAT, AST),
  • headache, dizziness,
  • deterioration of hematopoiesis with long-term use,
  • allergic reactions: skin rash, itching.
  • increased blood pressure, impaired renal function.

Enterol

Available in 250 mg capsules and 250 mg sachets.

Enterol provides harmful effect on lamblia. It was found that combined course use of Enterol with other anti-giardiasis drugs increases the effectiveness of treatment of giardiasis. Enterol goes well with antibiotics and other antibacterial treatments, however, I do not recommend combining Enterol with Nifuratel (Macmiror) due to the antifungal effect of the latter.

Reception scheme Enterola:

  • adults and children over 3 years old - 1 caps. or 1 powder 1–2 times a day for 7–10 days.
  • children 1-3 years old - 1 capsule. 2 times a day for 5 days. Open the capsule and dissolve the contents in cool water, and then give it to the child.

Well tolerated.

Enterol is contraindicated:

  • children under 1 year of age (the intestinal wall is still permeable to fungi),
  • people with permanent venous catheters (due to the risk of their colonization and the development of fungal sepsis).

Choice of drugs

The effectiveness of any drug for giardiasis is far from 100%, so it is usually used 2 courses of treatment with different drugs with an interval of 1 week:

  • (in some cases it can be replaced by ). Ornidazole is acceptable for children of any age, tinidazole - from 12 years of age.
  • - for children older than 2 months,
  • albendazole- acceptable in children over 2 years of age, but most safe in children over 6 years of age.

For the first course usually used or (depending on the patient's age). In a week to carry out second year can choose nifuratel or albendazole. Nifuratel is good due to its complex action and high tolerability, but this moment not sold in Belarus. Albendazole is wonderful because it simultaneously destroys the vast majority of intestinal helminths, the presence of which many patients do not even suspect.

Enterol can be used in parallel with albendazole or at the 3rd stage of treatment (see below).

Previously used drugs metronidazole And furazolidone Currently, they are not recommended for the treatment of giardiasis due to the high risk of Giardia resistance and the large number of side effects.

For reducing allergic reactions may be assigned:

  • cetirizine (Zyrtec) for children over 6 months,
  • fexofenadine (Telfast) for children over 12 years old.

To improve the tolerability of antigiardiasis treatment, some authors recommend Wobenzym, which has anti-inflammatory, decongestant, analgesic and immunomodulatory effects. Adults take 3-5 tablets 3 times a day 40 minutes before meals, children at the rate of 1 tablet per 5-6 kg of body weight.

Stage No. 3. Final

Existing disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract will not disappear automatically the next day after the death of Giardia. The body needs help: the stronger the disorders, the more actively we need to help.

Since Giardia are active consumers of vitamins, complex preparations are recommended, including those that restore intestinal microflora, for example:

  1. steambifid contains vitamins C, E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9, B12, selenium, zinc, inulin and oligofructose. Recommended for adults and children from 6 months. Take 2-3 tablets 3 times a day with meals. Course duration is 1 month.
  2. bion 3 contains vitamins A, C, E, B1, B2, B5, B6, B8, B9, B12, D3, PP, calcium, iron, iodine, manganese, chromium, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, as well as lactobacilli and two types of bifidobacteria for intestines. Recommended for adults and children over 14 years of age. 1 table each 1 time per day with meals for 1 month, swallowed whole and washed down with enough water.

If not previously accepted Enterol, then at this stage it is useful to be treated with it for 5 days (children 1-3 years old) or 10 days (adults and older children).

To stimulate and maintain immunity it is prescribed immunomodulators:

  • polyoxidonium(adults and children over 6 months) intramuscularly, orally, in the form of rectal suppositories, locally (drop into the nose);
  • lycopid(adults and children over 17 years old are prescribed 10 mg tablets, children from 1 to 16 years old are prescribed 1 mg tablets).

Reminder. Make it a rule always read medication instructions that you are taking for the first time.

Prevention of giardiasis

Giardiasis occurs everywhere, so everyone should know about its symptoms. And first of all - parents of small children.

Measures to prevent giardiasis:

  • wash vegetables and fruits thoroughly, rinse them with boiled water;
  • teach children hygiene skills;
  • fight bad habits of children (biting nails, sucking fingers or pencils, etc.);
  • It is possible to have pets only when children are trained in hygiene skills and do not have bad habits.

    Pets need regular (almost monthly) deworming. If there is a dog or cat living at home, people should take preventive courses 2-3 times a year albendazole(for adults, a single dose of 400 mg tablet orally, and for children, a suspension at the rate of 6-10 mg/kg);

  • avoid eating outside;
  • do not swim in unknown bodies of water;
  • drink only boiled or bottled water (water from land sources can be dangerous);
  • Do not allow your child to play in the sand or soil unless you are sure that it is clean from animal feces.


For those who are too lazy to read.
If you carefully read all 6 articles of my series, you will not learn anything new..

19 comments to the note “No. 6. Treatment of giardiasis. Choice of drugs"

    Thank you very much. Very detailed and professional. Still, it is difficult for a non-physician to understand the abundance of schemes and other things. You really helped me with the choice, now my darling is calm that they prescribed everything correctly for us, and I will listen to you when choosing restorative drugs.

    I live in Israel. We don't have a cure for this. They say that when infected, the body itself creates unfavorable conditions for Giardia and they themselves leave the body. You just have to wait. And then there is no guarantee that an hour after the end of the second course of treatment you will not become infected with them again))). And the article is very interesting. Thank you.

    I don’t know about “self-healing”... We discovered Giardia in our child about a year ago. We went through a course of treatment with the whole family, a month later we were tested - it was positive ((We decided to wait a while and then a year later we took the test again and again we were not happy with the result. We will be treated again.

    Spontaneous recovery usually occurs in adults after 6 months. But there are many preventing factors: re-infection (from a child or through water), a carbohydrate diet with a minimum of proteins, reduced immunity, etc. If a small child is sick, most often all family members are infected.

  1. Everyone’s body is different - some people live with them all their lives and don’t even know about them, while others... My daughter was treated for three years for a bunch of different diseases, in some cases they couldn’t even make a diagnosis. I am very grateful to the doctor who advised me to get tested for Giardia. Giardia was removed and the rest of the ailments went away on their own, even a common cold stopped bothering me. It is necessary to treat - it seems not fatal, but in general the protective properties of the body of Giardia and their metabolic products greatly undermine ..

    I am very glad that I came across this article. Everything is outlined in detail, the pros and cons of the drugs... I have a 3.5 year old child. We get sick all the time, not a single virus flies past. As a rule, complications. Allergies, papillomas. The gastroenterologist said to test for helminths. Giardiasis was diagnosed in severe form. I hope that after treatment everything will gradually improve. We were completely desperate. Thank you for the article!!!

  2. Please tell me, how much sweets can I eat per day? Can I drink sweet tea during treatment?

    Sahara ( simple carbohydrates) should be limited because they provide food for Giardia and promote its growth. Whole grain bread, bran, apples (pectin) are recommended.

  3. Albendazole is not suitable for the treatment of patients with lactose intolerance, which occurs in approximately 40% of patients with chronic giardiasis. Lactose intolerance may go away after treatment within 2 months. Nifuratel provides a relatively small percentage of cure, so it can be chosen only if other drugs are not suitable due to side effects or contraindications.

    I would like to sincerely thank you for publishing this treatment regimen in detail. The doctors I came across in our clinics prescribed me no help, but yours helped!!! But I had to repeat it, because not all the relatives in the family with whom I had been in contact for a long time agreed to take the pills, after a while a re-infection occurred, I didn’t just take the immunomodulators... and again I took the course according to your scheme for the 2nd time and again everything returned to normal. I was lucky to find and read your diagram in time, because I was very, very extremely ill from a severe intestinal form and reduced immunity. Thank you very much, you literally saved a person from a very long lasting pain, powerlessness, despair and suffering by publishing this post!!

    It is not clear why at the 1st stage of treatment, when recommending an abundance of protein and limiting carbohydrates, the proposed diet includes cereals, bread, marshmallows, marmalade and honey? In theory they shouldn't be there. And at the same time, legumes are excluded. And what's wrong with fatty fish? Now, after the exposure of studies paid for by sugar corporations about the dangers of fatty foods and the neutrality of sugar, even corrupt nutritionists recommend for the same weight loss to lose weight on a fatty diet with the exception of carbohydrates. Suddenly, scientists, after kicks from the public, noticed that the Chukchi somehow managed without cabbage and carrots and ate very fatty foods and did not have problems with atherosclerosis. And at the same time, cows, elephants, etc. Eating exclusively plant foods, they are outrageously fat, contrary to the doctrine of vegans.

    2) You got something wrong about the “vegan doctrine”. Vegans give up meat primarily for ethical reasons, not because they want to lose weight. Obesity requires that you eat more calories than you expend. Whether these calories come from fats or carbohydrates is a secondary matter.

    3) Oily fish itself is very useful product, it’s just that it may be too difficult for the gastrointestinal tract damaged by Giardia to digest.

    4) Completely eliminating carbohydrates from the diet is difficult and undesirable, so choose the least harmful ones. The porridge contains a lot of useful substances from cereals and there are no easily digestible sugars. Coarse and whole grain breads contain a lot of fiber, which acts as a sorbent. Honey is the most useful natural sweetness in terms of its composition, the main thing is not to eat it in large quantities (one teaspoon or a tablespoon per day is enough). Marmalade and marshmallows are included in the permitted ones for the reason that they are made on the basis of apple or other fruit puree and contain pectin sorbent, which removes toxins and even indirectly reduces cholesterol levels in the blood.

    5) Legumes are excluded because they are difficult to digest and can cause flatulence (gas formation in the intestines) - on the topic pea soup there are many jokes. If you like legumes and they don't cause you problems, eat them to your health.

  4. Here are the instructions for albendazole-based drugs (indications for use):

    Nemozol:
    “Nemozol is used to treat patients suffering from enterobiasis, ascariasis, hookworm, trichinosis, toxocariasis, necatoriasis, strongyloidiasis and taeniasis. Nemozol is used to treat giardiasis in children.”

    Aldazole:

    “Aldazole in small doses is used for a short time in the treatment of patients suffering from intestinal helminthiases and the skin syndrome Larva Migrans, including such forms of helminthiasis as enterobiasis, necatoriasis, hookworm, taeniasis, hymenolepiasis, ascariasis, strongyloidiasis, clonorchiasis, trichuriasis and opisthorchiasis. In children, Aldazole in small doses is also used to treat giardiasis.”

    Zentel:
    “Zentel is used for intestinal forms of helminthiasis: enterobiasis, hookworm, necatoriasis, hymenolepiasis, taeniasis, strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, trichuriasis, clonorchiasis, opistarchosis, giardiasis in children, also for the skin syndrome Larva Migrans - short-term treatment at low doses.”

    Moreover, the instructions for all drugs indicate that the dosage for children from 2 to 12 years old is 400 mg once a day, for 5 days. There is not a word in the instructions for these drugs about the treatment of giardiasis in adults. Can you comment on this?

    On the Internet you can find various instructions for albendazole, including those that indicate the treatment of adults for giardiasis. In principle, all medications that are approved for children can always be taken by adults (on the contrary, not always).

    Albendazole also helps adults and can be used in them. Here are links from reputable American sites.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15069729
    Albendazole is as effective as metranidazole in adults’ giardiasis. =
    = Albendazole is as effective as metronidazole for giardiasis in adults.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88965/
    One advantage of using albendazole in children is its efficacy against many helminths, allowing effective treatment of multiple intestinal parasites 207, 208. Another advantage is its relative lack of side effects. =
    = The advantage of using albendazole in children is its ability to act simultaneously on many helminths that are usually found in children. And albendazole has relatively few side effects.

    There is also an interesting table comparing the effectiveness of different drugs for giardiasis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88965/table/T1/
    It is noteworthy that taking albendazole for 1-3 days is effective only in 24–81% of cases, while a 5-7-day course helps in 94–100% of patients. They also write that Giardia may develop resistance to albendazole.

  5. I wonder if urogenital giardiasis exists? On the Internet on this issue, the same text is circulating on dozens of sites, which says that yes, it exists. And on other sites they write that among protozoal infections of the genitourinary tract, only one is distinguished - trichomoniasis. In general, the information is contradictory.

    I believe that urogenital giardiasis does not exist. Giardia is adapted to live in the small intestine.

  6. Hello! We are from Austria. They don’t treat me either, they don’t even do tests. This is not recognized as a disease, because supposedly everyone has Giardia. For two years, my son was prescribed hormonal ointments against severe dermatitis. Diagnosed with asthma. Until I sounded the alarm and took up literature. What a blessing that the publication of such materials is possible in the Russian Federation: in Austria, the Internet is fully regulated by law, doctors do not have the right to write such things. In August we are going to the Russian Federation to buy medicine against Giardia and worms, because we want to live normally. Thank you very much for the article! It’s impossible to even think of better material!

    Which drug should be used for the simultaneous treatment of pinworms and lamblia?

    Albendazole. For adults, 400 mg 1 time per day for 3-5 days. Take after meals with water without chewing.

  7. How long should the diet be followed, for the duration of treatment or for a longer period?

    For the duration of treatment. Then there is no need.

  8. Why do you need to take a break of 7 days between the 1st and 2nd courses? Wouldn’t it be more effective after taking a course of Ornidazole to immediately continue treatment with Macmiror without any break?

    No, you can't do it right away. You have to wait a week for new lamblia to “hatch” from the cysts, then they can be easily destroyed. Giardia is difficult to reach in cysts.

  9. When taking medications where the active substance is albendazole, on bioavailability, i.e. absorption, concentration and duration of action of the drug are affected by (increasing them):
    * 3 times - grapefruit juice (a paradox, but other juices do not affect the pharmacokinetics of this medicine so much);
    * 5-6 times - animal or vegetable fats in the amount of 43.1 g per meal (this is for 100% fat content; for a specific product it is necessary to calculate the fat content separately, for example, if the fat content of a reference product is 50%, then dose = 86 ,2 g);
    * 7-8 times - “Mexican diet” - fried eggs with tomato and spicy tomato sauce chili, onions and separately with sausage + dessert in the form of a glass of milk.

    The drug should be taken during meals, with the required amount of water (for swallowing the tablet) or the juice mentioned above, or swallowed with saliva, if the individual properties of the pharynx allow this to be done without the risk of choking.

    At the same time, however, it must be remembered that the number of times the drugs listed above enhance and prolong the effect of drugs of the albendazole group (three, five or seven times individually, and even more when taken in combination), the same number of times they increase the DANGER of side effects for persons for whom these drugs are contraindicated! Therefore, you need to start taking the medicine without the listed stimulants, including them in the diet ONLY if the body reacts normally on the first day after taking it on the drug itself.

    Well, don’t forget about individual allergic reactions to grapefruit, inability to digest fatty foods, intolerance to spicy foods, etc., which can accompany the disease.

    dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=5426
    citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.514.4237&rep=rep1&type=pdf
    onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_172.x/full

  10. It should also be remembered that grapefruit juice, due to the high amount of naringin it contains, has a pronounced fat-breaking effect, so if drunk with fatty foods, it will most likely neutralize its effects. Therefore, you should combine fatty (2) with spicy (3) food from exotic cuisine, the spiciness of which is reduced by fermented milk products (which is especially important for people suffering from diseases or temporary gastrointestinal disorders).

  11. The instructions for some drugs indicate the use of contraception, since the toxicity of the drug can affect the fetus during conception. The instructions for ornidazole indicate a elimination period of 5 days, and the connection with proteins is also noted - 13%. How long after taking the drug can you stop using contraception and not worry about the health of your unborn child?

    The half-life is the time during which the concentration of the drug in the blood decreases by 2 times. It is believed that for almost complete elimination of the drug, it is enough to wait 5 half-lives. After the 1st half-life, 50% of the initial concentration will remain, after 2 - 25%, after 3 - 12.5%, after 4 - 6.25%, after 5 - about 3%.

  12. Is it possible to cure giardiasis with onions, garlic, cranberries, grows. oils, diets?

    A low-carbohydrate diet plays a role in treatment. In an adult with normal immunity, the body itself is freed from Giardia within six months (if it is not re-infected). But medications for treatment are more reliable because their effectiveness has at least been tested.

To become infected, it is enough to swallow several dozen cysts (the patient secretes millions of them per day, so you can imagine the likelihood of infecting others if he does not follow the rules of personal hygiene). After entering the small intestine, each cyst is divided into two halves, from which two lamblia are formed, which also begin to actively multiply.

The likelihood of developing clinical giardiasis is influenced by a number of factors:

  • state of human immunity;
  • acidity of gastric juice (low acidity contributes to high activity of Giardia and the manifestation of giardiasis);
  • the presence of problems with the secretion of bile (if there is not enough of it in the small intestine, it will be easier for Giardia to take root in the body).

In their shape, vegetative Giardia resembles a pear. They are characterized by the presence of flagella and suction cups, which ensure their attachment to the intestinal mucosa.

Infection with worms can occur in several ways:

  • water;
  • food;
  • contact and household.

Giardia can enter the body in various ways. That is why a person is advised to be careful about his lifestyle.

Complications of giardiasis are:

  • intestinal disorders due to irritation of the intestinal walls (flatulence, change in stool character, abdominal pain);
  • stomach irritation (epigastric pain, heartburn, nausea);
  • dysbacteriosis;
  • development of pathogens in the intestines;
  • the presence of constant allergic reactions.

To eliminate the effects of Giardia on the body of an adult, it is necessary:

Education: in 2008, he received a diploma in the specialty “General Medicine (Medicine and Prophylactic Care)” at the Russian Research Institute medical university named after N.I. Pirogov. I immediately completed an internship and received a diploma as a therapist.

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They retain the ability to invade for up to 3 weeks (staying in soil) or even up to 3 months (in water and milk). Thus, when consuming foods that contain many microorganisms, a person is at risk of developing the disease.

photo of Giardia under a microscope

Where does Giardia come from in the human body? Anyone can become infected with them, regardless of age and gender. Causes:

  • Drinking raw water.
  • Swimming in open waters.
  • Dirty food.
  • Through household items.
  • From animals and insects that carry them.
  • The absorption and digestion of fats is impaired. The body stops receiving the required amount of vitamins and minerals.
  • Hypoglycemia develops.
  • A bacterial infection occurs.
  • The activity of intestinal motility is disrupted.

How can you get infected?

Ways of Giardia to enter the body:

  1. Water - you can become infected by drinking insufficiently purified tap water or water from open reservoirs;
  2. Contact household - pathogens accumulate on the surface of household items: toys, dishes, linen, clothes;
  3. Food – sources of contamination are a variety of food products. Giardiasis is especially often detected after eating food that has not been heat treatment: vegetables, fruits, berries.

Why is giardiasis dangerous in children?

It is important to understand why microscopic Giardia is dangerous in order to prevent its appearance or spread along the intestinal walls. General symptoms:

  • Pain in the hypochondrium right side and in the navel area.
  • Flatulence.
  • A feeling of fullness in the stomach, which is often accompanied by nausea.
  • Clear loss of appetite.
  • Defecation becomes more frequent (up to 5 times/day).
  • The character of the stool changes: liquid, semi-formed, fatty.
  • Vomiting, belching.

A typical symptom of giardiasis in adults is gastrointestinal syndrome

Symptoms vary with different forms of the disease. First, giardiasis is diagnosed. If the intestinal form is confirmed, the pain is localized in the hypochondrium; with the hepatobiliary form, pain is felt in the navel area and when pressing on the gallbladder. In this case, bitterness appears in the mouth, jaundice may appear, and itching occurs.

A week after an exacerbation of giardiasis in adults, treatment leads to recovery or the disease becomes chronic. When diagnosing giardiasis, one should rely on the symptoms:

  • General deterioration of the body's condition. In adolescents, development (height, weight) stops or significantly slows down.
  • Inflammatory processes: colitis, cholecystitis.
  • There is a noticeable disturbance in the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract: irregular stools with a changed structure, nausea, constant abdominal pain, worsening appetite.
  • Headaches appear.
  • The more Giardia, the more pronounced the symptoms: loss of strength, feeling of a coated tongue, hives, itching and other manifestations of allergies.
  • Giardia in the small intestine over time provokes the development of asthma and arthritis.

Complications

In some cases, there is a deterioration in the patient's condition. In this case, common manifestations are identified:

  1. Symptom of irritable bowel.
  2. Enzymopathy (in a secondary form), which is provoked by a violation of intracellular metabolic processes.
  3. As a result of the development of intestinal dyskinesia, dysbiotic abnormalities appear.
  4. Staphylococcus and fungal spores appear in the small intestine. These factors contribute to an increase in the intensity of division of protozoan microorganisms.

Giardia in the liver

The patient feels that something is wrong when discomfort in the navel area, lower abdomen. If this is ignored, the following is added:

  • the intestines are swollen;
  • a coating appears on the tongue;
  • the borders of the liver increase, as can be seen on ultrasound;
  • belching, loss of appetite, flatulence are observed;
  • constipation alternates with diarrhea;
  • heart rhythm is disturbed;
  • sleep becomes worse, headache, fatigue worries;
  • sometimes allergies appear;
  • conjunctivitis and blepharitis are possible.

In the gallbladder

Giardia in adults, symptoms and treatment depend on the form of giardiasis.

Giardiasis of the intestine occurs according to the following type:

  • duodenitis;
  • enteritis;
  • dyskinesia duodenum.

The intestinal form of giardiasis is manifested by symptoms:

  • pain in the abdominal area;
  • nausea;
  • belching;
  • unstable stool (in adults there is massive diarrhea);
  • bloating, feeling of fullness;
  • fever;
  • loss of appetite;
  • heartburn.

If the treatment of giardia in adults has been debugged for a long time or it was not possible to diagnose giardiasis in time, then over time the person develops neurotic symptoms:

  1. feeling unwell, weakness;
  2. dizziness;
  3. heartache;
  4. fatigue;
  5. headache;
  6. irritability.

Due to the fact that Giardia is a foreign organism that settles in the intestine, lives and develops in it and releases toxic products for the human body, intoxication occurs.

Because of this, giardiasis may be accompanied by symptoms of an allergic reaction:

  • rash and itching of the skin;
  • asthma and bronchitis;
  • rhinorrhea (watery discharge from the nose);
  • urticaria (manifested by the appearance of blisters on the skin, which disappear without a trace over time, and in some cases, Quincke's edema);
  • dermatitis, eczema;
  • conjunctivitis;
  • blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids on both sides, manifested by redness, itching of the eyelids, a feeling of sand in the eyes, foamy (purulent) discharge).

When treating Giardia in adults, drugs cause their mass death, resulting in the release of toxins from dead cells, which leads to even greater intoxication of the body and exacerbation of allergic manifestations.

Once in the body, through gastrointestinal tract Giardia cysts penetrate into the blood and then enter the liver, its ducts and gall bladder by hematogenous route.

Giardiasis of the liver is manifested by such symptoms as:

  • dyspeptic (nausea, vomiting, stool disorders);
  • feeling of heaviness, fullness in the stomach;
  • presence of heartburn;
  • pain in the epigastrium and liver projection area;
  • change in sclera color (jaundice);
  • the presence of dark circles under the eyes;
  • allergic manifestations;
  • cheilitis (lip jams);
  • symptoms of general malaise and intoxication.

During the course of the disease, the patient experiences disturbances in the digestive system. Patients complain of the appearance of:

  • heartburn;
  • belching;
  • nausea and vomiting;
  • abdominal pain;
  • lack of appetite.

The disease is accompanied by stool disorder. Constipation may be followed by diarrhea. The pathological process quite often leads to swelling and increased sweating. Skin The patient is characterized by dryness and pallor. They may experience peeling.

During the course of the pathological process, people note the appearance of unmotivated fatigue.

Quite often the pathological process is accompanied by headaches and dizziness. With giardiasis, the development of depression, insomnia, and nervous disorders can be diagnosed.

The disease can develop not only in adult patients, but also in children. IN in this case Emergency treatment is recommended. Young patients must adhere to a diet. During this period, the consumption of flour products, milk, carbonated drinks, and baked goods is strictly prohibited.

  • albendazole;
  • nemozola;
  • Makmir, etc.

It is worth noting: therapy for giardiasis in children must be comprehensive, which will guarantee its effectiveness.

A person encounters lamblia much more often than he would like, and these meetings do not bring him anything good.

To avoid invasion or, in any case, reduce its consequences, it is necessary to have at least a general idea of ​​why they are dangerous and which ones are best to take, and what preventive measures exist. This will be discussed below.

Treatment of giardiasis is carried out with narrow and wide range actions. They are produced in the form of suspensions, tablets and suppositories.

Effective and inexpensive drugs act against mature individuals and their larvae located in the intestines. Adults take them once in tablet form. Children benefit from suspensions that are easier to swallow.

How to recognize the disease

Necessary diagnostic methods for suspected giardiasis:

  1. Morphological examination of a biopsy taken during endoscopy.
  2. PCR diagnostics of stool to detect pathogen antigens in the studied biomaterial.
  3. Duodenal sounding with microscopic analysis of the contents. It also confirms the presence of Giardia in duodenal juice.
  4. Immunodiffusion is a new, more specific method of immune diagnostics compared to ELISA, based on the study of the precipitation reaction and allowing the detection of antibodies to the pathogen.
  5. Enzyme immunoassay blood test - laboratory isolation of specific IgM class antibodies to Giardia from blood serum.
  6. Immunoelectrophoresis – combined method, combining immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis. The antigenic composition of the biomaterial is being studied.
  7. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA. Used in the diagnosis of giardiasis and other infections.
  8. Protozoological examination of feces. When studying native or Lugol-stained smears from freshly excreted feces under a microscope, trophozoites and Giardia cysts are detected. For reliability, multiple tests are required, carried out from 2 to 7 times with an interval between tests of 1–2 days.

An infectious disease specialist is involved in the diagnosis and treatment of giardiasis. Recognition of this protozoal invasion is difficult due to the variety of clinical manifestations and their nonspecificity. The diagnosis requires mandatory laboratory confirmation.

Stool examinations

A scatological examination involves taking stool and searching for Giardia cysts in it using a microscope. If infection occurs, the cysts, in most cases, are detected immediately. However, it also happens that a specific portion of feces in an infected person may not have traces of Giardia, so it is advisable to carry out several samples of material (4 - 5) with an interval of one week.

Duodenal endoscopy allows you to obtain a more adequate picture of the patient’s intestinal condition. To confirm the diagnosis, a small amount of contents is taken from the cavity of the small intestine with a special probe and examined under a microscope. Experts assure that the most effective method duodenal examination is the collection of the contents of the duodenum using a vacuum method using a three-channel probe.