Which ocean is marked on the globe. Map of the earth with continents and oceans. Geographical location and size of the oceans
The Earth's surface has an extremely uneven relief. The deep depressions are filled with water, the rest of the planet is represented by land. All this together - oceans and continents. They differ in size, climate, shape, and geographical location.
Interaction of oceans and continents
Despite the fact that the world's water and land have a number of distinctive properties, they are inseparably linked. The map of continents and oceans is evidence of this (see below). Water continuously influences processes occurring on land. In turn, the continents shape the features of the world's oceans. In addition, interaction occurs in both the animal and plant worlds.
The geography of continents and oceans demonstrates clear boundaries between water and land areas. Continents are distributed unevenly on the surface of the planet. Most of them are located in That is why the South is called hydrological in science. The continents are also divided into two groups relative to the equator. Those above the line belong to the northern half, the rest to the southern half.
Each continent borders the world's waters. So which oceans wash the continents? The Atlantic and Indian border on four continents, the Arctic on three, and the Pacific on all except Africa. In total, there are 6 continents and 4 oceans on the planet. The boundaries between them are uneven and prominent.
Pacific Ocean
It has the largest water area among other pools. A map of continents and oceans shows that it washes all continents except Africa. It includes dozens of large seas, the total area of which is about 180 million square meters. km. Through it connects with the Arctic Ocean. It shares a swimming pool with the other two.
The maximum depth of the water area is the Mariana Trench - more than 11 km. The total volume of the basin is 724 million cubic meters. km. The seas occupy only 8% of the area of the Pacific Ocean. The study of the water area began in the 15th century by Chinese geographers.
Atlantic Ocean
It ranks second in size in the world basin. As is customary, each is derived from an ancient term or deity. Atlantic is named after the famous Greek titan Atlas. The water area extends from Antarctica to subarctic latitudes. It borders on all other oceans, even the Pacific (via Cape Horn). One of the largest straits is the Hudson. It connects the Atlantic basin with the Arctic basin.
The seas make up about 16% of the total ocean area. The basin area is just over 91.5 million square meters. km. Most of the Atlantic seas are inland, and only a small part of them are coastal (up to 1%).
Arctic Ocean
It has the smallest water area on the planet. It is entirely located in the Northern Hemisphere. Occupied territory - 14.75 million square meters. km. At the same time, the volume of the pool is about 18.1 million cubic meters. km of water. The deepest point in the Greenland Sea is considered to be 5527 m.
The bottom relief of the water area is represented by the outskirts of continents and a large shelf. The Arctic Ocean is conventionally divided into the Arctic, Canadian and European basins. A distinctive feature of the water area is a thick ice cover, which can persist all 12 months of the year, constantly drifting. Due to the harsh cold climate, the ocean is not as rich in fauna and flora as the rest. However, important trade shipping routes pass through it.
Indian Ocean
It occupies a fifth of the world's total water surface. It is noteworthy that each name of the oceans has either a geographical or theological background. The only difference is the Indian Pool. Its name has rather a historical background. The ocean was named after the first Asian country that became known to the Old World - in honor of India.
The water area covers an area of 76.17 million square meters. km. Its volume is about 282.6 million cubic km. It washes 4 continents and borders the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. It has the widest basin in the world's waters - more than 10 thousand kilometers.
Eurasian continent
It is the largest continent on the planet. Eurasia is located primarily in the Northern Hemisphere. In terms of territory, the continent occupies almost half of the world's landmass. Its area is about 53.6 million square meters. km. The islands occupy only 5% of Eurasia - less than 3 million square meters. km.
All oceans and continents are interconnected. As for the Eurasian continent, it is washed by all 4 oceans. The border line is heavily indented and deep. The continent consists of 2 parts of the world: Asia and Europe. The border between them runs along the Ural Mountains, the Manych, Ural, Kuma rivers, the Black, Caspian, Marmara, Mediterranean seas and a number of straits.
South America
The oceans and continents in this part of the planet are located mainly in the Western Hemisphere. The continent is washed by the Atlantic and Pacific basins. It borders North America through the Caribbean Sea and the Isthmus of Panama.
The mainland includes dozens of medium and small islands. Most of the inland water basin is represented by rivers such as the Orinoco, Amazon and Paraná. Together they make up a water area of 7 million square meters. km. The total area of South America is about 17.8 million square meters. km. There are few lakes on the continent, most of them are located near the Andes mountains, for example Lake Titicaca.
It is worth noting that on the mainland there is the world's highest waterfall - Angel.
North America
Located in, washed by all oceans except the Indian. The coastal waters include the seas (Bering, Labrador, Caribbean, Beaufort, Greenland, Baffin) and St. Lawrence, Hudson, Mexican). North America shares borders with South America via the Panama Canal.
The most significant island systems are the Canadian and Alexandria archipelagos, Greenland and Vancouver. The continent covers an area of more than 24 million square meters. km, excluding islands - about 20 million square meters. km.
African continent
In terms of territorial area, it ranks second after Eurasia, with which it borders in the northeast. It is washed only by the Indian and Atlantic oceans. The largest coastal sea is the Mediterranean. It is noteworthy that Africa is both a continent and a part of the world.
In this area of the planet, oceans and continents cross several climatic zones and the equator. In turn, Africa stretches from the northern to southern subtropical zone. That is why the level of precipitation here is extremely low. This leads to problems with fresh water and irrigation.
Mainland Antarctica
This is the coldest and most lifeless continent. Located on South Pole Earth. Antarctica, like Africa, is a continent and part of the world. All adjacent islands belong to the territorial possessions.
Antarctica is considered the highest continent in the world. Its average height fluctuates around 2040 meters. Most of the land is occupied by glaciers. There is no population on the mainland, only a few dozen stations with scientists. There are about 150 subglacial lakes within the continent.
Australian mainland
The continent is located in the Southern Hemisphere. The entire territory it occupies belongs to the state of Australia. It is washed by the seas of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, such as the Coral, Timor, Arafura and others. The largest adjacent islands are Tasmania and New Guinea.
The continent is part of a part of the world called Australia and Oceania. Its area is about 7.7 million square meters. km.
There are 4 time zones across Australia. In the northeast of the mainland, the coast is represented by the largest coral reef in the world.
The geographical map of the world is an overview map of the relief earth's surface. The geographical map of the world has a coordinate grid. This geographic map of the world does not display individual states and countries to generalize and simplify the display of surface relief above sea level (the darker the color, the higher the surface). A geographic map of the world clearly and concisely shows information about the main continents, seas and oceans and allows you to quickly create an image of the relief of the whole world.
Geographic map of the world in Russian:
Geographic map of the world showing all continents. Smaller view geographical map world:
Geography lessons at school often require an outline map of the world:
Geographic map of the world with continents:
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Continents and oceans alternate on the surface of the Earth. They differ in geographical location, size and shape, which affects the characteristics of their nature.
Geographical location and size of continents
Continents are distributed unevenly on the Earth's surface.
In the Northern Hemisphere they occupy 39% of the surface, and in the Southern Hemisphere they occupy only 19%. For this reason, the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth is called continental, and the Southern Hemisphere is called oceanic.
Based on their position relative to the equator, continents are divided into a group of southern and a group of northern continents.
Since the continents are located at different latitudes, they receive unequal amounts of light and heat from the Sun.
In shaping the nature of a continent, its area plays an important role: the larger the continent, the more areas it contains that are remote from the oceans and not affected by them.
Oceans of the world: map, names, description, area, depth, plants and animals
The relative position of the continents is of great geographical importance.
Continents
Continents and parts of the world
Formation of oceans and continents
Origin of continents and oceans
Geographical location and size of the oceans
The oceans that separate the continents differ from each other in size, water properties, current systems, and features of the organic world.
The Pacific and Atlantic oceans are similar geographical position: They stretch from the Arctic Circle to Antarctica.
The Indian Ocean lies almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. The Arctic Ocean has a special geographical location - it is located around the North Pole within the Arctic Circle, covered sea ice and is isolated from other oceans.
The border between continents and oceans runs along the coastline. It can be straight or rugged, that is, having many protrusions.
The rugged coastlines have many seas and bays. Protruding deep into the land, they have a significant impact on the nature of the continents.
Interaction of continents and oceans
The land and waters of the World Ocean have different properties, but they are constantly in close interaction.
The oceans greatly influence the natural processes on the continents, but the continents also take part in shaping the characteristics of the nature of the oceans.
Continents and oceans on the surface of the Earth Wikipedia
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Continents of the Earth and parts of the world: names and descriptions
Planet Earth
Scientists believe that the Earth has existed for 4.5 billion years. At the same time, life began to emerge on it approximately 4.2 billion years ago. Formation of the Earth's ozone layer and its magnetic field helped protect and preserve developing life on the planet to this day.
Our planet is located third (after Mercury and Venus) from the Sun, which helps it maintain the necessary conditions for life on the planet.
The distance from the Earth to the Sun is about 150 million kilometers, or this distance is also called 1 astronomical unit. The air temperature on the planet in the coldest place reaches – 85 degrees Celsius in Antarctica and + 70 degrees Celsius in the hottest part of the planet – the Sahara Desert.
Planet Earth rotates around its own axis and makes one revolution around its axis in 24 Earth hours, which are called days.
In one day we have time to see the sunrise, its gradual approach to the horizon, the sunset and the absence of the Sun in the sky, which is again replaced by the sunrise on the horizon. The Earth also revolves around the Sun, and it makes one revolution around the Sun in 365 days or 1 calendar year, as is commonly believed. Over the course of 1 year, the seasons on the planet change on the continents, and changes occur differently in different parts of the planet.
The only natural satellite of the Earth throughout its history has been and remains the Moon.
The Moon always faces the Earth with one side, and the other always looks into space. Today, more than 8,000 revolve around the Earth. artificial satellites that people sent into space.
In its shape, planet Earth is similar to an oblate ellipsoid.
The planet's diameter is 12,742 km and its circumference is 40,000 km. Given its size, the Earth's surface is covered by 70.8% water and only about 29.2% of the planet's surface is land. The highest point of land on our planet is Mount Everest (8,848 km above sea level). And the deepest point on our planet goes 10.994 km below sea level and is called the Mariana Trench.
Geographic map of the world
Oceans and continents of planet Earth
On planet Earth, at one time there were 6 continents (Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia and Antarctica) and 6 parts of the world (Australia, Asia, America, Antarctica, Africa and Europe), which differ in their borders from each other . All continents and parts of the world are washed by 5 oceans of the planet: Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean.
The structure of planet Earth
In the center of the planet there is a core whose size reaches 7000 km in width.
The average radius of the core is 3500 km, of which the inner part of the core is solid (1300 km), consists mainly of metal and nickel, and the outer part of the core (2200 km) is in a liquid state. It is the movement of the outer part of the core that forms the Earth's magnetic field, which protects all living things from cosmic radiation.
The core is followed by the mantle (which goes 2800 km deep into the Earth) - it is partially in a liquid state. Scientists have divided the mantle into the Lower and Upper Mantle.
The lower mantle reaches a depth of up to 600 km from the surface of the planet. And the Lower Mantle ends at a depth of 2800 km from the Earth’s surface.
And above the mantle is the earth's crust, which we know as the top layer of the earth.
Its thickness reaches from 10 to 70 km. The earth's crust consists of huge plates that can move and collide with each other, resulting in the formation of mountains and powerful earthquakes.
The atmosphere of planet Earth consists of 77% nitrogen, 22% oxygen and 1% gases. This ratio of substances in the atmosphere turned out to be ideal for all living creatures that live on the planet and plants.
Today the planet is inhabited by millions different forms lives (animals, plants, birds, insects, fish, etc.), including people, whose number in 2011 exceeded the threshold of 7 billion people and continues to grow. Our planet is rich in beautiful and amazing places that fascinate with their beauty and mystery.
And also has its own records!
Over the years of its existence, humanity has made great progress in terms of technology development, but has caused enormous damage to the planet itself.
I would like to believe that soon people will begin to correct their mistakes and save the planet from their harmful effects. Otherwise, no one will survive on this beautiful planet.
Report-message on the surrounding world for grades 2-3 on the topic “Continents”
The world's oceans occupy a large area of the Earth.
Land occupies only twenty-nine percent of the surface.
A continent is a large land mass that is surrounded by water.
Today there are 6 continents:
- Eurasia
- North America
- South America
- Africa
- Australia
- Antarctica
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continent on Earth.
It occupies more than one third of the land area. The population of this continent is more than five billion people, which is equal to seventy percent of the total population of the Earth. The extreme point in the west is Cape Roka, in the east is Cape Dezhnev. Eurasia is the only continent on the planet washed by four oceans: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic.
The surface of Eurasia is very diverse. The mainland contains the largest plains and mountain systems in the world. This continent is the highest continent on the planet. The average height is approximately eight hundred and thirty meters. Eurasia is home to the highest altitude mountains on the planet – the Himalayas.
Africa
The second largest continent by area is Africa.
Its area makes up one fifth of the planet's land mass. On South extreme point is Cape Agulhas, in the north is Cape El Abyad. They are equidistant from the equator. With the exception of the Isthmus of Suez, which is a small strip of land, this continent is almost entirely surrounded by water. The continent is washed by the Indian and Atlantic Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea.
Continents and oceans on the surface of the Earth
The continent's population is located primarily in isolated areas. Most people live on the west coast, in the Nile Valley and around Lake Victoria.
Australia
The smallest continent on the planet is Australia.
This continent is entirely in the southern hemisphere. Australia is washed in the north, west and south by the Indian Ocean, in the east by the Pacific Ocean.
The continent is significantly removed from other continents. There are no land routes with them. Much of the continent is sparsely populated or uninhabited. Australia became a separate continent 65,000,000 years ago. Due to its isolated location, there are many species of flora and fauna not found in other countries.
Antarctica
Antarctica is the fifth largest continent in terms of area and is the coldest continent. This continent is located beyond the Antarctic Circle. Almost the entire area of the continent is covered with ice, the thickness of which is more than three kilometers.
The continent is washed by the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian oceans. There is practically no flora or fauna here.
America
South America ranks fourth in area. This continent makes up thirteen percent of the Earth's total landmass.
In the west it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, in the north by the Caribbean Sea. Here is the longest chain of mountains on the planet - the Andes. Earthquakes often occur here.
North America lies entirely in the northern hemisphere. This continent ranks third in area. North America is washed by the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans.
Eurasia and North America are separated by the Bering Strait.
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The meaning of many modern words was formed a long time ago, sometimes in classical ancient times.
And sometimes it is interesting to find out how the meaning of words has changed or how it was originally formed
their meaning.
This section contains some interesting modern words and concepts whose origin
originates many centuries ago, or, on the contrary, they were formed quite recently.
The selection does not pretend to be unique or academic.
It's simple Interesting Facts and stories...
America. Since 1402 Columbus made four voyages to the shores of America, discovered many islands, and in 1498 entered the mainland.
Oceans and continents, their names, locations
It became clear that new lands unknown to Europeans had been discovered. However, the idea of their existence was first expressed by Amerigo Vespucci, who took part in two expeditions (1499-1504) to open lands. An inquisitive and observant person, he compiled the first description of new lands, his letters about travel became very famous in Europe, and the discovered New World was named after him.
Australia is a continent located in the southern hemisphere, from the Latin “southern”.
Antarctica is a continent located in the southern hemisphere, beyond the Antarctic Circle.
The name of the continent comes from the Greek word “anti” - against, i.e. the region lying opposite the northern polar region of the globe - the Arctic.
The Arctic is the northern polar region of the globe, including the Arctic Ocean with its seas and islands, adjacent parts of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, as well as the outskirts of the continents of Eurasia and North America.
The name comes from the Greek “arktos” - “bear”; a country lying under the constellation Ursa Major in the Far North.
Africa is the second largest continent on the planet. The origin of its name is interpreted differently:
1) lat. africus - “frost-free, not knowing the cold”;
2) this is what the Romans called a small tribe that lived south of Tunisia, and its location was “Africa”.
Europe is part of the world.
The word is so ancient that it is extremely difficult to trace its origins. The name could come from the Semitic “ereb” or “irib”, which means “west” or from the Phoenician “Erep” - sunset; sunset. Another version: in Ancient Greece the word “Erebos” meant darkness, darkness, the underground kingdom of the dead. Europe is a part of the world, the western part of the Eurasian continent. According to legend, the Greek father of the gods, Zeus, kidnapped the beautiful Europa from Phenicia, took her to Crete and conceived several children with her here.
Aral Sea - from the Turkic Aral, which means “island”.
This is what the area at the mouth of the Amu Darya was first called.
The Sea of Azov - in Arabic Bar el-Azov - “dark blue sea”.
Antilles from the Greek word “anti” - “against”, “ahead”, “against the mainland”.
The Azores are ten large and several small, mostly uninhabited islands. The thick shroud of fog that now and then envelops the Azores has become a kind of symbol of the archipelago; another, less well-known name, which sounds like “Ilhas de Bruma” (foggy islands).
Alaska is a peninsula in the northwest of North America.
From Aleutian alaskhas, means “big land”.
Bay of Bengal - from the Hindu word bangala, which means “home of banga”; (Bangays are ancient inhabitants of the coast).
Bosphorus Strait (Greek) - “cow ford”. By Greek mythology, the beautiful Io, transformed by Zeus's wife, the goddess Hera, into a cow, pursued by a gadfly, fled from Greece and swam across the Bosphorus.
The Bab el-Mandeb Strait connects the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden - the “gate of tears.”
Greenland is an island, “green country” (in Danish), discovered in the 19th century by the Norman Vikings.
Hudson Bay is named after the English navigator Hudson, who discovered the bay in 1610.
California is a peninsula on the west coast of North America.
It means “hot forge”, because it gets very hot here in the summer heat air.
The Caspian lake-sea is part of a formerly vast sea. The name of the sea is associated with the name of the person who lived on its shores in the first millennium BC. of the Caspian people.
Red Sea - According to one version, the name of the sea depends on the part of the world. In the mythical tales of many peoples of the world, the cardinal directions are associated with certain color shades. For example, red color symbolizes the south, white - the east, black (among a number of Asian peoples) - the north.
Hence the name “Black Sea” does not mean “sea with dark, black water,” but “sea located in the north.” After all, the Turks called this sea Kara-Deniz, the ancient tribes who spoke Iranian languages called it Akhshaena (dark), and the Scythians called it Tama, which is also associated with the meaning “dark.”
As for the Red Sea, the word “red” seems to indicate its southern location, and not at all the color of the sea water.
Madeira - island in Portugal- “wine island”. In XYv. The famous Portuguese traveler Henry the Navigator planted shoots of Malvasian grapes brought from Crete in Madeira. So the grapes went into exile in Madeira.
Gulf of Mexico - its name is associated with the state of Mexico, which in turn is named after the Aztec god of war - Mehitli.
Newfoundland - from English.
- “newly discovered land.” In 1003 The Viking ships Torfini Karlefni sailed further south from Labrador. Two days later, a new land opened up before the travelers.
The rugged coastline was covered with coniferous forest. Thorfinn named this land Markland - “forest country”.
Florida Peninsula North. America - “blooming” (Spanish).
Aegean Sea (Greek) - “exciting”.
Yucatan Peninsula North.
America - in the language of the local Indians it means “we don’t understand you” (this is how the inhabitants of this peninsula answered the first Europeans who asked “what is the name of this land?”)
They alternate on the surface of the Earth. They differ in geographical location, size and shape, which affects the characteristics of their nature.
Geographical location and size of continents
Continents are distributed unevenly on the Earth's surface. In the Northern Hemisphere they occupy 39% of the surface, and in the Southern Hemisphere they occupy only 19%. For this reason, the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth is called continental, and the Southern Hemisphere is called oceanic.
Based on their position relative to the equator, continents are divided into a group of southern and a group of northern continents.
Since the continents are located at different latitudes, they receive unequal amounts of light and heat from the Sun. In shaping the nature of a continent, its area plays an important role: the larger the continent, the more areas it contains that are remote from the oceans and not affected by them. The relative position of the continents is of great geographical importance.
Geographical location and size of the oceans
The continents that separate them differ from each other in size, water properties, current systems, and features of the organic world.
And they have a similar geographical location: they stretch from the Arctic Circle to. almost entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. It has a special geographical location - it is located around the Arctic Circle, covered with sea ice and isolated from other oceans.
The border between continents and oceans runs along the coastline. It can be straight or rugged, that is, having many protrusions. The rugged coastlines have many seas and bays. Protruding deep into the land, they have a significant impact on the nature of the continents.
Interaction of continents and oceans
Land and water have different properties, but they are constantly in close interaction. The oceans greatly influence the natural processes on the continents, but the continents also take part in shaping the characteristics of the nature of the oceans.
It is not enough just to know what a globe is. You need to learn how to read it correctly in order to learn a lot of new and interesting things. In this lesson we will learn what the colors on the globe mean. Let's learn the names of the oceans and continents, talk about their features and differences. Let's get acquainted with the amazing wonders of nature, flora and fauna.
Why are there the most blue and cyan colors on the globe? Most of the earth's surface is covered with water. In a photograph taken from space, all areas of water appear blue. This color on the globe indicates oceans and seas, rivers and lakes.
Rice. 2. Earth from space ()
But if you look closely, you will notice that in different places the ocean is indicated by different shades. This is done to show depth: the deeper the ocean, the darker the blue color, and the shallower the depth, the lighter the paint on the globe. - these are huge expanses of bitterly salty water that surround continents and islands.
Pacific Ocean- the largest on Earth.
Rice. 4. Physical map of the Pacific Ocean ()
The navigator Ferdinand Magellan gave it this name because during his journey on sailing ships this ocean was calm. Although in fact the Pacific Ocean is not quiet at all, especially in its western part, where it raises and drives huge waves - tsunami, bringing a lot of trouble to the inhabitants of the Japanese islands.
Mariana Trench- the deepest place in the world. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, its depth is eleven kilometers and thirty-four meters.
Rice. 6. Mariana Trench ()
Previously, Europeans did not even suspect the existence of the Pacific Ocean. They knew only one ocean - Atlantic, which seemed limitless, so it was named after the most powerful hero of Greek myths, Atlas.
Rice. 7. Physical map of the Atlantic Ocean ()
In fact, the Atlantic Ocean is the second largest after the Pacific Ocean, the greatest depth of the ocean is 5 kilometers. In the Atlantic Ocean there are huge waves as high as a three-story house.
Indian Ocean It is especially restless in its southern part. It is warmer than others; even in the northern part of the Indian Ocean, the waters warm up to + 35 degrees.
Rice. 8. Physical map of the Indian Ocean ()
Arctic- the northernmost region, covered in winter and summer with a thick layer of ice and snow. There is a fourth ocean near the North Pole, almost its entire surface is covered with thick strong ice, and there are multi-meter snowdrifts around. That's why this ocean was named Arctic.
Rice. 9. Physical map of the Arctic Ocean
Relatively recently, oceanographers began to identify a fifth, South ocean.
Rice. 10. Physical map of Antarctica ()
Previously, this ocean was considered to be the southern parts of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. All oceans together: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern - merge together into one world Ocean, which washes all Earth.
On the globe, large areas of land called continents are depicted in green, yellow, brown and white. On the ground six continents: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.
Eurasia- the largest continent, within its borders lie two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.
Rice. 11. Physical map of Eurasia ()
It is the only continent on Earth washed by four oceans: the Arctic in the north, the Indian in the south, the Atlantic in the west and the Pacific in the east. Our homeland is located on this continent Russia.
Rice. 12. Russia on the map of Eurasia ()
The surface of the continent is very diverse. Mountains and plains are the main forms of the earth's surface. Brown indicates the location of mountains, while green and yellow indicate plains. The largest of them West Siberian(flat plain) Eastern European(hilly plain).
Rice. 13. West Siberian Plain ()
Rice. 14. Physical map of the East European Plain ()
Rivers are indicated on the globe by uneven blue lines drawn along the surface of the continents. Rivers flow across the East European Plain Volga, Don, Dnieper, By West Siberian a river flows across the plain Ob. Mountains rise above the surface of the plains. The higher the mountains, the darker their color on the globe. Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.
Rice. 15. Himalaya mountains ()
Jamalungma (Everest)- the highest mountain in the world (8 km 708 m).
Rice. 16. Mount Jamalungma ()
Located in Eurasia Baikal- the deepest lake,
Rice. 17. Lake Baikal ()
The largest lake
Rice. 18. Caspian Sea ()
largest peninsula Arabian,
Rice. 19. Coast of the Arabian Peninsula ()
lowest point of land in the world - depression Dead Sea.
Rice. 20. Dead Sea ()
Rice. 21. Pole of Cold Oymyakon ()
Africa is the second largest continent, which is located on both sides of the equator, washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the west and the Indian Ocean from the east and south.
Rice. 22. Physical map of Africa ()
Africa is known for its diversity of nature: impenetrable tropical forests with orchids,
Rice. 23. Rainforest ()
grassy plains with baobabs (huge trees up to forty meters in circumference),
vast expanses of desert.
Rice. 25. Desert in Africa ()
Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. Here it is Sahara Desert.
Rice. 26. Sahara Desert ()
It is the largest desert in the world and the hottest place on Earth (the maximum recorded temperature is +58 degrees). On this continent flows Nile- the second longest river in the world.
Rice. 27. River Nile ()
Volcano Kilimanjaro- the highest point in Africa.
Rice. 28. Mount Kilimanjaro ()
Victoria, Tanganyika, Chad- the largest lakes on this continent.
Rice. 29. Lake Victoria ()
Rice. 30. Lake Tanganyika ()
Rice. 31. Lake Chad ()
In the Western Hemisphere are North America And South America, they are washed from the west by the Pacific Ocean, from the east by the Atlantic, and North America is also washed by the Arctic Ocean from the north.
Rice. 32. Physical map of North America
Rice. 33. Physical map of South America
North America also includes the largest island on Earth, it is called Greenland.
Rice. 34. Coast of Greenland ()
These continents are rich in rivers and lakes. North America is home to one of the world's greatest rivers Mississippi,
Rice. 35. Mississippi River ()
and in South America there is a river that is the largest in the world in terms of depth and length.
Rice. 36. Amazon ()
There is a bay on the coast of North America Fundy, which, in addition to its incredible beauty, is famous for the largest tides in the world, more than seventeen meters.
Rice. 37. Bay of Fundy ()
Just imagine, millions of tons of water approach the shore in twelve hours and then move away from it. South America is home to the world's tallest waterfall - Angel, its total height is 979 meters.
Rice. 38. Angel Falls ()
It seems as if it is shrouded in fog - a curtain of tiny particles of water that is sprayed, falling from such a great height. The most powerful waterfall in the world is located on the same continent Iguazu.
Rice. 39. Iguazu Falls ()
Although in fact it is a whole complex of 270 individual waterfalls, which is about 2.7 km wide. South America is home to the driest place in the world - the desert. Atacama.
Rice. 40. Atacama Desert ()
In some places in this desert, rain falls once every few decades.
Australia- the fifth continent, which is smaller than all the others. The Pacific Ocean washes the northern and eastern coasts, the Indian Ocean washes the western and southern coasts.
Rice. 41. Physical map of Australia
Most of the continent is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, there are very few rivers, which is why Australia is considered the driest continent on Earth. Common here screams(English creek - rivulet) - rivers that exist only during the rainy season and completely dry up for most of the year.
A continent is a significant landmass washed by seas and oceans. In tectonics, continents are characterized as sections of the lithosphere that have a continental structure.
Continent, continent or part of the world? What is the difference?
In geography, another term is often used to designate a continent - a continent. But the concepts “mainland” and “continent” are not synonymous. IN different countries There are different points of view on the number of continents, called continental models.
There are several such models:
- In China, India, as well as in the English-speaking countries of Europe, it is generally accepted that there are 7 continents - they consider Europe and Asia separately;
- In Spanish-speaking European countries, as well as in the countries of South America, they mean division into 6 parts of the world - with a united America;
- in Greece and some countries of Eastern Europe, a model with 5 continents has been adopted - only those where people live, i.e. except Antarctica;
- in Russia and the neighboring Eurasian countries they traditionally designate 4 continents, united in large groups.
(The figure clearly shows different representations of continental patterns on Earth, from 7 to 4)
Continents
There are 6 continents in total on Earth. We list them in descending order by area size:
- - the largest continent on our planet (54.6 million sq. km)
- (30.3 million sq. km)
- (24.4 million sq. km)
- (17.8 million sq. km)
- (14.1 million sq. km)
- (7.7 million sq. km)
All of them are separated by the waters of the seas and oceans. Four continents have a land border: Eurasia and Africa are separated by the Isthmus of Suez, North and South America by the Isthmus of Panama.
Continents
The difference is that the continents do not have a land border. Therefore, in this case we can talk about 4 continents ( one of the continental models of the world), also in descending order by size:
- AfroEurasia
- America
Parts of the world
The terms “mainland” and “continent” have a scientific meaning, but the term “part of the world” divides the land according to historical and cultural criteria. There are 6 parts of the world, only unlike the continents, Eurasia differs in Europe And Asia, but North and South America are defined together as one part of the world America:
- Europe
- Asia
- America(both Northern and Southern), or New World
- Australia and Oceania
When we talk about parts of the world, we also mean the islands adjacent to them.
Difference between a mainland and an island
The definition of a continent and an island is the same - a part of land washed by the waters of the ocean or seas. But there are significant differences.
1. Size. Even the smallest continent, Australia, is significantly larger in area than the world's largest island, Greenland.
(Formation of the Earth's continents, a single continent Pangea)
2. Education. All continents are of tiled origin. According to scientists, there once existed a single continent - Pangea. Then, as a result of the split, 2 continents appeared - Gondwana and Laurasia, which later split into 6 more parts. The theory is confirmed by both geological research and the shape of the continents. Many of them can be put together like a puzzle.
Islands are formed different ways. There are those that, like continents, are located on the fragments of ancient lithospheric plates. Others are formed from volcanic lava. Still others are a result of the activity of polyps (coral islands).
3. Habitability. All continents are inhabited, even the harsh climatic conditions of Antarctica. Many islands still remain uninhabited.
Characteristics of the continents
- the largest continent, occupying 1/3 of the land. There are 2 parts of the world located here: Europe and Asia. The border between them runs along the line of the Ural Mountains, the Black and Azov Seas, as well as the straits connecting the Black and Mediterranean Seas.
This is the only continent that is washed by all the oceans. The coastline is indented; it forms a large number of bays, peninsulas, and islands. The continent itself is located on six tectonic platforms at once, and therefore the relief of Eurasia is incredibly diverse.
Here are the most extensive plains, the highest mountains (the Himalayas with Mount Everest), the deepest lake (Baikal). This is the only continent where all climatic zones (and, accordingly, all natural zones) are represented at once - from the Arctic with its permafrost to the equatorial with its sultry deserts and jungles.
The mainland is home to ¾ of the planet's population; there are 108 states, of which 94 have independent status.
- the hottest continent on Earth. It is located on an ancient platform, so most of the area is occupied by plains, mountains form along the edges of the continent. Africa is home to the longest river in the world, the Nile, and the largest desert, the Sahara. Climate types present on the mainland: equatorial, subequatorial, tropical and subtropical.
Africa is usually divided into five regions: North, South, West, East and Central. There are 62 countries on the mainland.
It is washed by the waters of the Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The result of the movement of tectonic plates was a highly indented coastline of the mainland, with a huge number of bays, straits, bays and islands. The largest island is in the north (Greenland).
The Cordillera Mountains stretch along the western coast, and the Appalachians along the eastern coast. The central part is occupied by a vast plain.
All climatic zones are represented here, except the equatorial one, which determines the diversity of natural zones. Most rivers and lakes are located in the northern part. The largest river is the Mississippi.
The indigenous population is Indians and Eskimos. Currently, there are 23 states here, of which only three (Canada, USA and Mexico) are on the mainland itself, the rest are on the islands.
It is washed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Along the western coast stretches the longest mountain system in the world - the Andes, or South American Cordillera. The rest of the continent is occupied by plateaus, plains and lowlands.
This is the rainiest continent, since most of it is located in the equator. The largest and most abundant river in the world, the Amazon, is also located here.
The indigenous population are Indians. Currently, there are 12 independent states on the mainland.
- the only continent on whose territory there is only 1 state - the Commonwealth of Australia. Most of the continent is occupied by plains, mountains are located only along the coast.
Australia is a unique continent with the largest number of endemic animals and plants. The indigenous population is the Australian Aborigines, or Bushmen.
- the southernmost continent completely covered with ice. The average thickness of the ice cover is 1600 m, the greatest thickness is 4000 meters. If the ice in Antarctica melted, the level of the world's oceans would immediately rise by 60 meters!
Most of the continent is occupied by an icy desert; life glimmers only on the coasts. Antarctica is also the coldest continent. In winter, temperatures can drop below -80 ºC (record -89.2 ºC), in summer - down to -20 ºC.