Coniferous trees. Juniper: the best varieties and care tips What juniper looks like

This wonderful plant is the common juniper! Moreover, it is remarkable in all respects - both botanical and purely applied. Judge for yourself. This evergreen coniferous shrub (less often a low tree) belongs to the cypress family and is its only representative in our forests. This is a gymnosperm coniferous plant, which, like all gymnosperms, does not have a flower - therefore, it cannot have berries. Nevertheless, juniper does have “berries”, they are quite edible (in reasonable quantities!) and quite tasty. They are also sometimes incorrectly called cone berries. In fact, these are, as befits conifers, cones. But the scales of mature cones are fleshy, juicy, and contain a lot of glucose. Compote from these “berries” can be cooked without sugar!

Juniper grows in the undergrowth of coniferous and coniferous-small-leaved forests, but does not tolerate waterlogging well. Tough, prickly needles sit in bunches of three in each. The plant is dioecious: on the male tree, pollen is formed in spikelet-like cones, on the female tree, seeds ripen in green cones sitting on shortened shoots. “Blooming” (more precisely, dusting) of juniper occurs in the spring, in May. But only after a year and a half, in the fall, the seeds will ripen! In the first winter, the cones emerge green and ovoid. Next year they will take on a spherical shape, become gray, almost black, and become covered with a waxy coating. Each contains from one to three (sometimes more) seeds. Juniper begins to bear fruit only from five, and more often from ten years.

In addition to sugar, the fleshy scales of juniper cones contain organic acids, essential oils, vitamin C, mineral salts, and phytoncides. Juniper “berries” have long been used in medical practice. They treat dropsy, malaria, rheumatism, women's diseases, and various skin diseases. Juniper cones have a bactericidal, diuretic, choleretic, and expectorant effect. But this is precisely the case when it bears repeating - self-medication is dangerous! For acute and chronic kidney diseases (for example, nephritis), the use of decoctions and infusions of juniper “berries”, as well as preparations made from them, is contraindicated. So consultation with a doctor before using them required.

For respiratory diseases, infusions and decoctions are used as an expectorant. To prepare the infusion, take one tablespoon of cones, crush them, add one glass of boiling water, close the lid and keep for 15 minutes in a water bath with boiling water. After this, you need to cool the infusion at room temperature, strain, squeeze out the remainder and dilute with boiled water to 200 ml. Take one tablespoon 3 times a day. Store the infusion for no more than 2 days.

The decoction is prepared as follows: add one tablespoon of cones to 0.5 liters of water and boil for 20 minutes. Then the broth is filtered and taken a tablespoon three times a day.

Juniper oil is used externally to treat poorly healing wounds. For rheumatism and gout, take baths with the addition of a decoction of dry cones (100 g of cones per 1 liter of water). Juniper branches are used in the manufacture of bath brooms.

Juniper “berries” are also very valuable as raw materials for the food and alcoholic beverage industries.

Mature cones are collected in the fall, when they are ripe. They spread a cloth under the bush and carefully shake the branches - the mature cones will fall off. There is no need to hit the branches with a stick - both debris and unripe “berries” will fall off. It is prohibited to break branches or cut down the plant. Dry the buds in the shade outdoors or in dryers with a temperature not exceeding 30 degrees.

Juniper is an excellent plant for landscaping and creating hedges. Purifying the air from pathogenic microbes, attracting birds to your site, and finally, creating picturesque corners on it - this can be the use of this wonderful shrub. You just need to remember that it does not lend itself well to transplantation - you need to dig up juniper with a large lump of earth, trying not to damage the roots. The slow-growing juniper can also be used as a houseplant.

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Juniper and larch

Prepared by:

Burakovskaya Anna Sergeevna

1. Larch

4. Juniper

5. Application in medicine

1. Larch

Larch (Larix) is a genus of woody plants of the pine family, one of the most common species of coniferous trees.

The most common species in the Russian Far East, where it grows from the south of Primorye to the northern borders of tree distribution. In favorable conditions it grows to 40 m or more in height with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m or more. Lives up to 300-400 years; larches up to 800 years old have been recorded.

Due to its strength and durability, larch wood is widely used - from construction work to the chemical industry. Larch bark contains up to 18% tannins. Brownish-pink bark dye is a permanent dye for fabrics and hides.

Despite the widespread prevalence of larch and the high quality of wood, larch accounts for a relatively small part of the total volume of logging in Russia.

The reasons for this are that, due to its high density, larch wood sinks in water and cannot be floated along rivers, which in some cases means it is impossible to transport from harvesting sites to processing sites. In addition, larch is difficult to process, since the resin contaminates cutting surfaces and leads to increased wear of tools and mechanisms.

2. Pharmacological properties of larch

Larch needles contain vitamin C (200-405 mg., %). The needles are also rich in essential oils and carotene. When calculating on a dry matter basis, it turned out that the needles contain 11% protein, 8% fat, 10% soluble carbohydrates, 4.5% starch and hemicellulose. 0.2% phosphorus. I8% fat was found in the seeds, from 6 to 30% tannins, up to 47% lignin in the bark, and up to 16% essential oil in the resin.

In folk medicine, larch sponge has long been used as a laxative and hemostatic agent. Since the 17th century, it was exported in large quantities to Western Europe. From larch needles you can prepare a refreshing drink that quenches thirst and prevents the occurrence of many ailments. Larch needle salad has a high taste and is used in dietary nutrition. True, it must be said that at the end of June and August the content of vitamin C in needles decreases sharply, especially in dying ones. The indigenous population of Yakutia used larch brew as food instead of bread, which was prepared from the inner layer of larch bark - the white juicy cambial layer was boiled in water and this brew was eaten, diluted with sour milk.

For medical purposes, oleoresin is extracted from larches using the tapping method, which contains essential oil and rosin (solid resin), almost entirely consisting of abietic acid.

In practical medicine, larch essential oil, or turpentine (“Venetian turpentine”) is used as an external distraction and irritant for rheumatism, myositis, gout, neuralgia, in pure form or as part of ointments and plasters.

For bronchitis, abscesses, gangrene of the lungs, and catarrh of the upper respiratory tract, inhalation of turpentine is sometimes recommended as an antimicrobial agent. Hot infusions from the bark and coniferous shoots of larch are used for hernias, and an infusion of pine needles is used for hypermenorrhea. Turpentine compresses covered with a hot heating pad - for radiculitis, sciatica. A turpentine compress is applied to the cheek for toothache. Baths made from infusion of fresh branches are useful for rheumatism and gout.

Larch needles are rich in vitamins, mainly ascorbic acid and carotene. For a cold with a cough, as well as for constipation, pour 2 teaspoons of chopped fresh pine needles into a glass of milk, keep on low heat for 5-7 minutes, leave under the lid for an hour, strain. Take 2-3 tablespoons of hot infusion 2-3 times a day half an hour before meals. For periodontal disease, chew larch resin.

3. Recipes for the medicinal use of Siberian larch

For purulent wounds and ulcers on the skin, weeping eczema, furunculosis, cracks on the lips and nipples, burns, putrefactive and long-healing wounds, mix the same amount of resin, yellow wax and sunflower oil (melted on fire) or resin, propolis and internal lard . Boil the mixture in a water bath and mix thoroughly. After cooling, use as an external remedy in the form of an ointment or patch. Lubricate and bandage the affected areas. After removing the bandages, wash the wounds with the following composition: 1 tablespoon of quicklime - pour 2 liters. warm water, leave for 3-4 days. Use only clean water formed on the surface of the liquid.

For acute toothache or inflammation of the gums, you can effectively use larch resin, chew a resin tablet and place it in the form of a plate on the sore tooth or gum. The pain is relieved after 3-5 minutes.

For hemorrhoids, the resin is softened and used in the form of a candle.

For coughs, bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis and other pulmonary diseases, the resin is used together with an inhalation device or boiled in milk and, after straining, drunk 3 times a day. For various diseases of the stomach, duodenal ulcer, heartburn, hiccups, larch resin is swallowed at 50 mg. - 3 times a day before meals.

Larch needles contain a large amount of ascorbic acid, which, after steaming, is used as a vitamin infusion for scurvy and general exhaustion of the body.

A decoction of young shoots after boiling and straining in milk is used for coughs with sputum, bloating, constipation, and tapeworms. A hot infusion of fresh branches is used for hernia and heavy menstruation.

Baths made from fresh larch branches are considered the most effective pain reliever for gout, rheumatism and joint damage of other origins.

Roll larch resin (50 mg) into balls with granulated sugar and start swallowing 5-6 balls a day, 3 times a day before meals, for 1.5 months - for pneumonia and tuberculosis, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers intestines, heartburn and hiccups. At the end of the second week, increase the intake to 5 g per day and leave at this level until the end of the course of treatment. Grind pine needles and common juniper needles, taken in equal proportions by weight, through a meat grinder. Moisten the tampon thickly with the resulting juice and leave it overnight for trichomonas colpitis.

Alternate with tampons soaked in onion and horseradish juice obtained in the same way. The course of treatment is 10-12 days.

4. Juniper

The plant is found in the temperate climate of the Northern Hemisphere (Europe, Asia, North America), and also grows in North Africa and tropical areas of Asia (Nepal, Pakistan). In Russia, common juniper is widespread in the forest and forest-steppe zones of the European part, Western and partly Eastern Siberia.

It grows on heathers, limestones, dry hills, on dry mountain slopes, river banks, in the undergrowth of pine forests, deciduous and mixed forests, persisting and forming thickets in place of cleared forests, less often in moss swamps. It grows on various soils, most often on sandy soils, which are most favorable for it with moderate humidity; it is also found on excessively flowing-moist, somewhat swampy soils. A shrub 1-3 m high, less often a tree 8-12 m high. The crown is cone-shaped or ovoid, narrower in males, more or less ascending or prostrate in females, sometimes with branches hanging down at the ends.

The bark is dark gray or grayish-brown, longitudinally flaky. The shoots are reddish-brown.

Leaves are 1-1.5 cm long, 0.7-7.5 mm wide, sessile, hard, linear-subulate or subulate-pointed, spiny, almost triangular, dense, shallowly grooved on top, with one indivisible or sometimes divided to the middle by a whitish stomatal stripe, shiny green below with a blunt keel. The leaves are arranged in a ring, three in each ring.

Monoecious or more often dioecious plants. Male cones (microstrobilae) are almost sessile, yellowish.

Female cones - numerous cones, 5-9 mm in diameter, oblong-ovoid or spherical, pale green, mature - black-blue with or without a blue coating, ripening in the second or third year in autumn, consisting of three or six scales, sit on very short legs. The cone contains three (sometimes one or two) seeds, elongated-ovate or ovoid-conical, yellow-brown.

5. Application in medicine

Juniper has strong phytoncidal properties. To treat tuberculosis of the skin, bones and joints, the Indians of North America placed patients in the thickets of this plant, where the air was saturated with volatile secretions. pharmacological medicinal medicine

The fruit of the common juniper (lat. Fructus Juniperi communis, Baccae Juniperi), which is collected in the fall and dried at temperatures up to 30 ° C or under canopies, is used as a medicinal raw material. When picking berries, shake the bush or tap the branches with a stick. Ripe berries easily fall onto the matting or canvas placed under the bush. Only ripe berries, brownish or purple-black in color, shiny, sometimes with a bluish coating, should be dried. Unripe berries and stalks must be removed. Standard dried berries should be black-brown or purple in color, sometimes with a blue waxy coating, with a sweetish-spicy taste, with an aromatic resinous odor when crushed, with a moisture content not exceeding 20%.

The essential oil obtained from the unripe cones of the berries is used to make immersion oil for microscopic examination and refreshing essences. From the wood, by dry distillation, the so-called burnt juniper turpentine oil (“juniper tar”) is obtained, recommended as an external analgesic and diversion agent.

In medicine, berry cones are used as a diuretic, disinfectant of the urinary tract, expectorant, choleretic and digestive improver, for diarrhea and flatulence. The fruits are included in diuretic preparations. Essential oil from pine needles has strong disinfectant properties and is used to treat Trichomonas colpitis.

In folk medicine, they were used internally for edema, malaria, kidney disease, cystitis, for leucorrhoea, gout, rheumatism, as part of mixtures for metabolic polyarthritis, externally - as a distracting and analgesic rinse for gum inflammation, shingles, and scabies. The roots were used for tuberculosis, bronchitis, gastric ulcers, skin diseases, and a decoction of the branches was used for allergies.

The use of berry cones is contraindicated in cases of kidney inflammation, as it can cause blood in the urine, serious poisoning and increased inflammation.

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E-Catalogue of ornamental plants for garden “Landscape” - decorative coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, vines, herbaceous perennials

Are you looking for a useful and valid basis for your design work for landscaping your garden, parks, urban landscaping, etc.? Then the online catalog of ornamental garden plants on the Landscape website is what you need. The e-catalogue of ornamental garden plants “Landscape” is an indispensable assistant; here you will find not only an extremely wide range of plants for a wide variety of growing conditions, but also receive a lot of other information. The e-catalog of ornamental plants for the garden “Landscape” is a practical guide to available ornamental plants on the Ukrainian market. The online catalog of ornamental plants for the “Landscape” garden is constantly updated and replenished with new garden ornamental plants.

For designers, site owners, and people who are in love with plants and gardens, the online catalog “Landscape” is an accessible and popular guide to help in choosing plants for the garden. We tried to describe all the features and characteristics of the plants; all plants are illustrated with photographs showing the shape or characteristic features of the plants. The descriptions of the presented plants are simple and clear, interesting short practical tips, contain basic information regarding plant characteristics, soil requirements, lighting and frost resistance, care recommendations and possible use or arrangement with other species. Additional and very useful information is contained in the silhouette of a plant in adulthood with a human figure, which allows you to imagine the future size and shape of an adult plant, making it possible to immediately select the right plants for the garden.

The e-catalog of ornamental garden plants “Landscape” uses international standards for writing plant names. First of all, we use Latin names to avoid ambiguity, as well as Russian names and synonyms. This will allow you to quickly find the manufacturer of the plant you are interested in.

Climate influence and frost resistance

A winter hardiness zone is a region in which a certain plant species, as a rule, still tolerates winters well, in other words, the region where its cultural range begins. It is important to understand that the frost resistance of plants depends on many factors; all data on climatic zones of winter hardiness are only approximate. Within one zone, the microclimate of some regions may differ significantly from the given data. For example, urban areas are usually half a step warmer than the surrounding landscape. Large bodies of water, areas, as well as slopes and hilltops have a positive effect on the climate, while unfavorable conditions prevail in depressions and valleys.

The climate zone number is indicated under each plant description in the catalog, indicating the degree of its resistance to low temperatures - the lower the zone number, the more frost-resistant the plant. Plants can often grow in regions of five or more climate zones. A plant from zone 2 can usually grow without problems in zones 3,4,5,6,7 and possibly also in zones 8 and 9. These zone recommendations are based on the availability of optimal conditions for each individual plant and do not take into account snow protection . Information about climate zones of frost resistance is also a hint on how to cover plants for the winter.

Map of winter hardiness zones of Ukraine

Winter hardiness zones and their ranges of average annual minimum temperatures

Abbreviations:

	silhouette of a person and a plant in proportion
	light-loving plants
	semi-shade-loving and semi-shade-tolerant plants

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Coniferous trees. Juniper: the best varieties and care tips What juniper looks like

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E-Catalogue of ornamental plants for garden “Landscape” - decorative coniferous and deciduous trees and shrubs, vines, herbaceous perennials