This species is equally included in the genus Matricaria (chamomile), and to the family Tanacetum(tansy). The plant has a characteristic flower structure and a very strong smell. The smell can be felt even from a distance, and especially if you crush the leaf in your hands, you won’t get rid of the intrusive aroma for a long time. The plant is erect, branched, 15-20 cm high and 12-14 cm in diameter. The leaves are pinnately dissected and fragrant. The baskets are small, 2.1 cm in diameter, non-double. The marginal reed flowers are white, the tubular ones are yellow. The inflorescences are collected in umbrella-shaped shields. The beginning of flowering is the second ten days of July, duration is 60-70 days. The seeds ripen in September.
Homeland - Mediterranean.

Homeland: Southeast Asia.
An ornamental flowering semi-shrub plant, cultivated for several thousand years and numbering more than two thousand varieties, the number of which increases from year to year. Beautiful leaves and varied, often bizarre, flower shapes, a wide range of flower colors (from dark, velvety, almost black to bright red, yellow, lilac, purple, white, etc.) have deservedly enjoyed great popularity among flower growers for centuries. In terms of durability when cut, chrysanthemums are the champions among flowers cultivated for this purpose. All this determines their indispensable inclusion in the autumn-winter assortment. Chrysanthemum requires a cool location. At high temperatures, its leaves turn yellow and dry out, and its flowers wither and dry out prematurely.

3

– elegant, long-blooming from June to October. The plants form powerful bushes, branched at the base, 60-90 cm high and 80-90 cm in diameter. The leaves are doubly pinnately dissected with linear lobes, serrated at the apex. Baskets are simple, semi-double and terry. The diameter of the inflorescences is 4.5-5.5 cm. Non-double inflorescences are usually tricolor, with a bright purple-brown wide ring running along the white or yellow ray ribbon-shaped flowers, and a brown spot in the center of the basket. Flowering begins in the second decade of June and continues until the end of August. The seeds ripen in September, fall off and self-sow. The plant is light-loving and cold-resistant. Planted in mid-May. This African plant came to Europe only at the end of the 18th century. The flowers are similar to chamomile flowers, in which the reed petals are two- and even three-colored, mostly simple, but there are also double ones, with two rows of petals. They are sown in the ground immediately in a permanent place in early May. Shoots appear in about a week. They are thinned out or pruned according to a 25x25 cm pattern. Plants bloom after 100 days and bloom until late autumn. The plant is suitable for cutting. Looks good in a group on the lawn, and is also used in ridges.
Prefers soils that are moderately fertile, slightly acidic or neutral, and in a sunny location. The plant is cold-resistant and drought-resistant.

Synonyms: Florist's mum- mother of florists, Pot mum- mom in a potty.
Chrysanthemum of hybrid origin. A perennial low-growing plant up to 40 cm high (but sometimes up to 130 cm). The stems are strong, erect or erect, becoming woody at the base with age. The leaves are slightly fleshy, lanceolate, ovate-lobed or oval, up to 7 cm long, and fragrant. The lobes are entire, coarsely toothed, their lower surface is covered with gray felt pubescence. Inflorescences are baskets, simple, semi-double or double, fragrant, rather large, 5–7 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in groups of 2–10 on leafy lateral branches. Ligulate flowers, called petals, are longer than the disk and vary in color. The inner (tubular) flowers are yellow.

Chrysanthemum - Chrysanthemum

Article date: 03/04/2009

Family: Compositae (Asteraceae).

Homeland: Europe, Asia, Africa

Bloom: annually from late summer to late autumn.

Height: fast.

Light: bright diffused. The plant tolerates morning and evening sunlight well.

Temperature: moderate, in room conditions about 15-18°C.

Watering: abundant during the active growing season. When keeping the room cool, water carefully.

Air humidity: the plant responds well to spraying.

Feeding: weekly, during the active growing season, with complex flower fertilizer.

Rest period: in winter, after flowering. The plant is pruned and the pots with the plants are kept in a cool place.

Transfer: annually in the spring.

Reproduction: seeds, cuttings.

Genus Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum L.) includes about 150 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants of the Asteraceae family. Chrysanthemum species grow in Europe, Asia and Africa.

The name of the plant comes from Greek words chrysos- gold and anthemis- flower.

In appearance, chrysanthemums are predominantly branched perennial or annual subshrubs. Bush from 0.5 to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are entire and split, dark green, the flowers are almost all ligulate, collected in baskets. Many types of chrysanthemum have long been used in ornamental gardening. In China, India, Korea and other Asian countries, stems, leaves and inflorescences are eaten as vegetables. Chrysanthemums are widely used in Chinese medicine.

Chrysanthemums are divided according to the structure of the flower into small-flowered and large-flowered. For indoor floriculture, heat-loving small-flowered and low-growing varieties are selected. The choice of varieties is very large. Thanks to long-term selection work, the color of chrysanthemum flowers varies greatly depending on the variety.

Often only compact chrysanthemums are available for sale, but keep in mind that these are most likely plants treated with special growth-inhibiting substances, so cuttings from them can grow into much larger plants.

Some aromatic plants belong to the chrysanthemum genus, such as St. Peter's grass (Chrysanthemum balsamita), whose leaves have a minty odor, or arquebus (Chrysanthemum vulgare var. crispum) with an intense spicy aroma, used in many bitters and herbal liqueurs .

Chrysanthemums can effectively clean indoor air and have bactericidal properties.

Kinds:

Alpine chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum alpinum L.). It grows in the Alpine zones of European mountain systems. A perennial low-growing plant up to 10–15 cm. The leaves are pinnately dissected and collected in a basal rosette. Their upper side is dark green, the lower side is gray-green. Erect, non-branching stems bear single baskets with a diameter of 2–4 cm. Flowering in July–August.

Chrysanthemum alpinum with silvery-gray leaves, covered in summer with delicate inflorescences similar to those of daisies, ideal for alpine slides. One of the hardy varieties with single or double baskets is grown successfully in borders, beds or pots.

Chrysanthemum alpinum	Chrysanthemum alpinum

Chrysanthemum keeled, or "tricolor daisy" ( Chrysanthemum carinatum Schousb.). Synonym: Glebionis keeled (Glebionis carinata(Schousb.)Tzvelev). Homeland - North-West Africa. The plant is annual, densely branched, erect, 20-70 cm tall, almost pubescent, with a fleshy stem. The leaves are slightly fleshy, twice pinnately divided, on petioles. Inflorescences are baskets, often simple, less often semi-double or double, fragrant, rather large, 5-7 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in groups of 2-10 on leafy lateral branches, do not form a complex corymbose inflorescence, bloom at different times. Reed flowers are white, yellow with a whitish or reddish edge, less often single-colored, yellow or white; tubular - dark red. Blooms profusely from late June to September.

Out of sight Chrysanthemum carinatum Various dwarf or relatively short (from 30 to 60 cm) varieties have been bred.

Chrysanthemum carinatum "Court Jesters"	Chrysanthemum carinatum "German Flag"

Chrysanthemum bush (Chrysanthemum frutescens L.). Synonym: Argyranthemum frutescens (L.) Sch. Bip. Homeland - Canary Islands. Evergreen shrub up to 1 m tall. The shoots are erect, branched, thin, woody at the base. Leaves are divided many times. Stipules with irregular lobes. Inflorescences are baskets, often simple, less often semi-double or double, fragrant, rather large, 5 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in groups of 2-10 on leafy lateral branches. Tubular flowers are yellow, ligulate flowers are white, yellow or pink.

Grows well in mild climates and in open ground; its white baskets with a yellow center, similar to the classic meadow daisy, bloom alternately almost all year round. In areas with cold climates, it can be grown in containers, removed for the winter.

Chrysanthemum frutescens	Chrysanthemum frutescens

Chrysanthemum mulberry, or Chinese ( Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) Chrysanthemum of hybrid origin. A perennial low-growing plant 30-130 cm tall, the shoots are strong, erect or erect, becoming woody at the base with age. The leaves are slightly fleshy, lanceolate, ovate-lobed or oval, up to 7 cm long, and fragrant. The lobes are entire, coarsely toothed, their lower surface is covered with gray felt pubescence. Inflorescences are baskets, simple, semi-double or double, fragrant, rather large, 5-7 cm in diameter, solitary or collected in groups of 2-10 on leafy lateral branches. The reeds, called petals, are longer than the disk and vary in color. The inner (tubular) flowers are yellow.

Chrysanthemum x morifolium "Spicy Cheryl"	Chrysanthemum x morifolium "Redwing"	Chrysanthemum x morifolium"Victoria"

Plant care:

Chrysanthemums prefer bright, diffused light; plants are shaded from direct midday sun. Morning and evening sunlight can be beneficial for plants.
A suitable place for growing chrysanthemums is near windows facing western and eastern directions. Plants near southern windows grow well and bloom profusely. But in this case, the plants are provided with shading from midday sunlight. Plants near north-facing windows may not have enough light for normal growing season.

It is recommended to keep plants outdoors in summer, in a place protected from midday sunlight. You can keep plants there until frost. Indoors, it is advisable to give the plants a cool place, about 15°C, with access to fresh air. Too warm and stuffy conditions lead to rapid growth and poor flowering.

During the active growing season, water the plants abundantly, with soft, settled water, as the top layer of the substrate dries. It is impossible to allow the earthen coma to dry out - this leads to the falling of leaves and buds. If the room is kept cool, watering should be done carefully to prevent the earthen clod from becoming waterlogged. After flowering, the plant is pruned and kept in a cool winter, watered, only slightly wetting the soil.

Plants respond well to spraying in the morning and evening with soft, settled water during the active growing season.

Chrysanthemums are fertilized weekly, during the active growing season, with complex flower fertilizer.

Chrysanthemum is a short-day plant that responds well to lower night temperatures. Chrysanthemums bloom abundantly and can last from late summer to late autumn. To make the chrysanthemum bush more compact, it is recommended to pinch it to increase bushiness due to the growth of side shoots. If you want to get larger flowers, you can pluck out the buds, leaving only a few on the bush.

When the plant fades, it should be cut off close to the ground and placed in a cool room with a temperature of about 3-5°C. In March, the plants are transplanted and placed in a bright, cool (15-18°C) room. The substrate for the plant is nutritious, loose, for example, the following: turf soil (1 hour), humus (1 hour), peat (1 hour), sand (0.2 hour). The bottom of the container intended for the plant provides good drainage.

Feeding after transplantation begins two weeks later. As new shoots grow, you can pinch them to increase bushiness. If pinching is not carried out in time, the plants become very stretched. After the end of spring frosts, it is recommended to expose the pot with the plant to fresh air.

Chrysanthemums are propagated by seeds and cuttings.

Seed propagation. For early flowering, seeds are sown in March in common containers. As the seedlings grow, they are planted in pots. The substrate for planting is loose and nutritious.

Chrysanthemums are successfully propagated by cuttings. Cuttings are taken from strong young shoots. Cut the cuttings carefully, under the leaf node, with a sharp tool. You can plant in various containers; pots with a diameter of 7-9 cm are suitable. For rooting, take a peat-humus mixture, which is sprinkled on top with a layer of sand about 2 cm thick. You can root in clean sand. In a mini-greenhouse, the cuttings take root within three weeks; as they grow, they are transferred to large containers. Rooted plants are fed weekly with complex flower fertilizer. Grown plants can be planted together in containers and pots. When planting, try to make the intervals between plants equal so that the feeding area of ​​individual plant specimens is approximately equal.

Possible difficulties:

The plant is susceptible to fungal diseases (powdery mildew, gray mold, root rot, etc.) that arise due to improper growing conditions. In case of damage by nematodes or viruses, leading to deformation of the stems and discoloration of the leaves, it is better to remove the plant.

The leaves of the plant are faded and limp. This may indicate excess sunlight. This also happens if watering is too limited.

If kept in a room that is too warm, the plant grows and may shed some of its leaves and buds.

In recent years, growing chrysanthemums in pots has become widespread, and one can even say that the culture of growing chrysanthemums at home has become fashionable.

Chrysanthemum(lat. Chrysánthemum) belongs to the Asteraceae family, it is close to the genus Tansy and Yarrow (an annual and perennial herbaceous plant). It gets its name from the fact that the inflorescences are yellow. It is believed that today there are more than 30 types of chrysanthemums, their homeland is China and Japan, and is widespread in Asia.

For growing chrysanthemums at home, the most suitable are low-growing varieties (height 20-70 cm), or very small, dwarf varieties (height 15-20 cm). The leaves of the chrysanthemum are light green, simple, grow in an alternate order, with jagged edges, all different in size, and outwardly similar to oak leaves. Chrysanthemum flowers are painted in all possible colors and shades, they can be either simple or double or semi-double. The flowers themselves are small-flowered (up to 2 cm in diameter), collected in a basket, or, conversely, large-flowered (2-5 cm in diameter). Flowers begin to bloom from late summer until almost the first snow.

Among the wide variety of chrysanthemums, flower growers distinguish low-growing varieties mulberry(Red charm, Yellow charm, etc.), among them one can distinguish lush bushes with abundant flowering of small flowers, with a cascade form of a bush (White cascade, Pink cascade), with large-flowered flowers, and a shrubby type of bush.

In addition, varieties are popular Korean chrysanthemum(Navare, Stella, etc.), they differ from all varieties; the bush has a spherical shape, which is why they are called spherical.

Much less common to see on sale Indian chrysanthemums(White crystal, Swifty white, Saba, etc.). The bush is not very branched, up to 50 cm high.

Caring for home chrysanthemum

Before you get yourself a chrysanthemum, think about whether you can provide the flower with a temperature regime. The plant does not like heat; the optimal temperature for active growth and flowering is 10-15 degrees Celsius, and preferably no higher than 22. If your room is hot, your flower will wither and die. In winter, maintain the temperature at least 5-8 degrees, while in open ground the plant survives even frosts, and this indicates its endurance and hardening.

Choose a location so that the plant has enough sun (but not direct rays), with the possibility of ventilating the room, perhaps on a cool balcony on the west side.

Homemade chrysanthemum in a pot photo:

Chrysanthemums especially need good watering, during flowering (twice a week), the rest of the time, water when the top layer of soil is dry, do not flood the plant. A couple of times a week you can spray a plant located in a closed, dry room, but if it is on a cold and not well-lit balcony, there is no need for additional moisture.

For active growth and good long-term flowering, the plant needs high-quality soil; use a mixture of sand, humus and turf soil (mixing everything 1:1:2). Make sure that the soil is not acidic (the plant will develop poorly and ultimately will not bloom).

If you want to see beautiful and long-lasting flowering, in addition to good soil composition, you need to fertilize at least once every 14 days with mineral fertilizers with such important components as potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen (2:3:1).

In winter, the chrysanthemum rests; during this period it must be moved to a cool place. If it is a balcony, you need to trim (10-15 cm). The air temperature is not lower than 3-8 degrees Celsius. Water a third of the pot as the soil dries (but not more than once a month). If there is no balcony, you can leave the plant by cutting off dry branches, leaves, and buds. Watering once every two weeks.

We recommend viewing: Indoor chrysanthemum. Planting and care

With the beginning of spring, the plant awakens; it is necessary to transplant the flower into a new, larger pot (an annual procedure due to the growth of the root system). In addition to the usual soil mixture, you can add chicken droppings or manure (if you did this, you should not additionally fertilize the soil in the next month). The plant is placed on a lighted balcony. If you stick to beautiful forms of decorative flowerpots, you need to give the desired shape to your plant (pinch out new shoots).

Chrysanthemum propagation

The most optimal method is division. The plant produces many young shoots (up to 4-6). You need to prepare containers with soil and carefully separate the shoots from the root system. Further care is the same as for adult plants; with proper care in the first year, the flower will delight you with buds.

Cutting method longer lasting. You need to cut cuttings 8-10 cm long and treat them with growth accelerating preparations (kornevin, heteroauxin). After planting, the cuttings are watered and a mini-greenhouse is created, but we must not forget to ventilate. When the plant reaches 15-18 cm, it is necessary to pinch its top for further formation of the bush.

Pests and diseases of chrysanthemum

Like all plants, chrysanthemum is no exception, and it is also loved by pests such as spider mites, aphids, and thrips. If cobwebs, larvae, or darkening of leaves are detected, it is necessary to wash the plant with a soap solution or pest control preparations (topaz, karbofos).

If a gray coating (powdery mildew) appears on the leaves, treat the plant with a fungicide (occurs when there is high humidity in the room). And if you notice fluffy spots on the foliage, this disease is gray rot, it affects the plant, causing redness and blackening of the leaves. Treat with a foundation solution and ventilate the room.

To properly care for your home chrysanthemum, follow these simple recommendations, and your plant will delight you all fall with lush flowering and bright colors of what seems like a bygone summer.

Indoor chrysanthemum is an unpretentious plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The name "chrysanthemum" comes from the Greek chrysos(gold) and anthos(flower).

These flowers are grown mainly in open ground, but they also do well at home. Thanks to this, chrysanthemum can delight the eye with its bright colors almost all year round. After all, its inflorescences have a wide variety of colors: white, yellow, bronze, red, burgundy, pink, lavender, purple.

China is considered the birthplace of this plant. Today, homemade chrysanthemum is ubiquitous. Despite the fact that this flower does not require special attention, you should know some rules that will ensure the best conditions for it.

Caring for indoor chrysanthemum

The place where the chrysanthemum will stand should be moderately cool. A balcony is a good place to grow this plant. Chrysanthemum does not like direct sunlight, but it is also not necessary to deprive it of light completely, otherwise the buds will not open and the leaves may turn yellow.

During particularly hot hours, it is necessary to artificially create shade for the plant. To obtain abundant and lush flowering, it is necessary that the temperature does not exceed 18 degrees. Thus, it is important to keep the chrysanthemum cool and have enough light.

This plant does not need abundant watering, so moistening the soil a couple of times a week is enough. But in the morning and evening it will be useful to spray it with a spray bottle.

The best substrate for chrysanthemums will be a mixture of peat, humus and turf soil taken in equal proportions. During the period of active growth and flowering, it is necessary to feed the plant with complex fertilizer every week. Before this, the soil must be moistened.

After the end of the flowering period, the plant is pruned and left for the winter, and the temperature in this case should be at least +3 degrees. At the end of the cold months, in March, the flower is transplanted into new soil.

Many have noticed that this indoor flower grows too tall and looks sloppy. To avoid this, chrysanthemum bushes need to be trimmed on time. Then they will become lush and look much richer.

Reproduction

Chrysanthemums are propagated in two ways: by dividing the bush and cuttings. The first method is considered the most effective. The best moment for its implementation is the stage of active growth. Individual shoots are separated from the bush and immediately planted in a prepared substrate, which is then moistened.

Preparations for propagation by cuttings must begin immediately after flowering. All stems should be cut off and the plant should be left to overwinter in a dark and cool place. In the spring (usually March) new shoots will appear. They can be safely cut and planted in fresh soil.

The top of the shoots is covered with glass or film and left for three weeks. The room temperature should be no more than 20 degrees. Then you can begin to transplant each cutting into a separate pot.

Diseases and pests

When purchasing a homemade chrysanthemum, you need to carefully examine the plant. It must have a healthy appearance; the presence of any pests on it is unacceptable. Otherwise, such a plant will not only cause a lot of inconvenience, but can also infect other indoor plants.

Temporarily keeping the purchased flower separately from all the others will help to avoid this. The duration of such quarantine is about a month. After this, you can safely place the purchased flower along with the rest of the plants.

The most common diseases for domestic chrysanthemums are gray rot or powdery mildew. In the first case, the leaves are affected by a fluffy coating and become brown at the edges. Spraying with foundationazole will help. In addition, it is better to place the plant in a well-ventilated and lit place.

When diseased with powdery mildew, the leaves become covered with a grayish coating. To cure the plant, it is necessary to spray with a fungicide.

Often indoor chrysanthemums are overcome by pests. For example, aphids, soil flies, spider mites. Treatment with insecticides will help get rid of them. These could be drugs such as topaz or actellik.

Chrysanthemum flowers often given as a gift on special occasions. The birthplace of the chrysanthemum is Japan, where this flower is associated with the sun and is considered a symbol of happiness and longevity. Nowadays, flower shops offer a large assortment of chrysanthemums in pots for growing indoors; such flowers will delight you longer than cut ones, and with proper care they will bloom in subsequent years.

Homemade chrysanthemums- unpretentious flowers, however, many do not know how to care for them and after flowering, when the plant loses its attractiveness, they throw it away. This is not correct, home chrysanthemums, like those growing in the garden, require a period of rest, so after flowering, like garden plants, cut off the shoots and place the pots with rhizomes in a cool place at a temperature of +1...+3 0 C In the spring, take out the pot, transplant the rhizomes into new soil and place it in a bright place. Start watering the plant moderately and new shoots will soon appear.

Homemade chrysanthemums Grow well in bright light and cool conditions. A chrysanthemum in a pot will feel good in a cool room with a temperature of up to +20 0 C. At higher temperatures, the leaves may fade, the lower ones begin to turn yellow and fall off, and flowering does not last long, since the inflorescences quickly bloom and fade in the heat.

Lighting for chrysanthemums it should be bright with morning or evening sunlight. If you buy a chrysanthemum with unopened buds, then if there is insufficient lighting, they may not open. In the summer, it is better to take the chrysanthemum pot out into the fresh air in the garden or on the balcony.

Formation. Chrysanthemums for sale are grown through rooting cuttings, under certain lighting, temperature, and are treated with special drugs that inhibit growth. Therefore, the shoots of store-bought chrysanthemums are not tall; several cuttings planted in one pot form a compact, lush bush with large inflorescences at the tops. At home, chrysanthemums need to be shaped. To do this, when the young shoots reach a height of 15 cm, pinch their tops. Side branches will begin to develop from the main shoots, when they stretch up to 15-20 cm, also pinch them, then the bush will turn out lush and not tall.

Watering. Chrysanthemums growing in pots require more abundant watering than garden plants. Water them more often and abundantly so that the soil in the pot is constantly moderately moist. At the slightest drying of the soil in the pot, the leaves, buds and flowers of the chrysanthemum begin to wither. However, be careful and do not allow excessive waterlogging and stagnation of water in the ground, as this leads to rotting of the roots and death of the plant. To prevent this from happening, there must be a drainage layer and holes at the bottom of the pot to drain excess water after watering.

Air humidity should be increased, spray the leaves of the plant with warm, settled water.

Feed the flowers You need to be careful, use complex fertilizer for flowering indoor plants once every two weeks.

Most chrysanthemums bloom in the fall, as this plant begins to form buds as daylight hours decrease. To get larger inflorescences, you need to remove some of the buds, leaving a few on the main shoots. With proper care, chrysanthemum blooms in late autumn for two to three months. To extend the flowering period, remove faded inflorescences, water and fertilize the flower on time.

Homemade chrysanthemums are propagated as well as garden ones. In the spring, when transplanting, the rhizome can be divided into several parts. Chrysanthemums are often propagated by cuttings. For cuttings, pots with rhizomes are taken out of storage a month earlier - in February or March, placed in a bright place and begin to water. Overgrown shoots are cut to a length of about 10 cm, using a sharp knife at an angle. The cut cuttings are planted in the earthen mixture, deepening the lower cut by 1-2 cm. With moderate watering and a temperature of +18...+22 0 C, chrysanthemum cuttings take root within 2-3 weeks.

Chrysanthemum is not only beautiful, but also a very useful indoor flower. This plant perfectly cleanses the air of harmful substances and fills the room with a wonderful fresh aroma. In Chinese traditional medicine, tea with chrysanthemum inflorescences is used to treat colds.